Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Morphology, geography and infraspecific taxonomics of Triticum dicoccoides Körn. A retrospective of 80 years of research

  • Published:
Euphytica Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Research on the morphology, geography and infraspecific taxonomics of Triticum dicoccoides Körn. performed during the 80 years since its rediscovery by Aaronsohn is reviewed. T. dicoccoides is a vluable genetic resource for the improvement of cultivated wheat. Its intraspecific structure is, however, not known sufficiently. It is evident that T. dicoccoides is subdivided into two morphologically and geographically distinct forms. The intepretations of these forms by various authors are diverse. There is also no consensus concerning their geographical within the general range of T. dicoccoides. It is necessary to carry out a detailed morphological study in order to define their taxonomical rank and specify their ranges. It would be expedient to perform comparative genetic, biochemical and agronomic investigations of the two T. dicoccoides infraspecific types.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aaronsohn A., 1909. Contribution a l'histoire des Céréales. Bull Soc Bot Fr 56(9): 196–203; 237–251.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aaronsohn A., 1910a. Über die in Palästina und Syrien wild-wachsend aufgefundenen Getreidearten. Verh zool-bot Ges in Wien 59: 485–509.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aaronsohn A., 1910b. Wild dry-land wheat of Palestine and some other promising plants for dry farming. Dry Fmg Congr Bull, Montana 3: 161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aaronsohn A., 1910c. Agricultural and botanical explorations in Palestine. U.S. Dep. Agric., Washington, Bull Bur Pl Industry 180: 1–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Aaronsohn A. & G. Schweinfurth, 1906. Die Auffindung des wilden Emmers (Triticum dicoccum) in Nordpalästina. Altneuland Monatsschrift für die Wirtschaft. Erschliessung Palästinas, Berlin 7–8: 213–220.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ascherson, P. & P. Graebner, 1901. Synopsis der Mitteleuropaeischen Flora, II. Triticum dicoccoides: p. 679.

  • Avivi, L., 1979. High grain protein content in wild tetraploid wheat Triticum dicoccoides Körn. Proc 5th Int Wheat Genetics Symp, New Delhi, India: 372–80.

  • Bor N.L., 1968. Gramineae. In: C.C. Townsend, E. Guest & A. Al-Rawi (Eds.), Flora of Iraq, 9 Baghdad, Ministry of Agriculture. T. dicoccoides: p. 204.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bor N.L., 1970. Gramineae. In: K.H. Rechinger (Ed.), Flora Iranica, 70/30. Graz, Austria, Akademishe Druck und Verlagsanstatt. Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 206–207.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowden W.M., 1959. The taxonomy and nomenclature of the wheats, barleys, and ryes and their wild relatives. Can J Bot 37: 657–684.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brody T., 1983. Patterns of trait variation in the diploid wheats (Triticum, Aegilops) and the tetraploid species Triticum dicoccoides. Pl Syst Evol 143: 257–275.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook O.F., 1913. Wild wheat in Palestine. U.S. Department Agriculture, Washington, Bull Bur Pl Industry 274: 1–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dagan J. & D. Zohary, 1970. Wild tetraploid wheats from West Iran cytogenetically identical with Israeli Triticum dicoccoides. Wheat Inform Serv 31: 15–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Davis P.H., R.R. Mill & Kit Tan, 1985. In: P.H. Davis (ed.) Flora of Turkey, 9. Univ. Press, Edinburgh. Triticum dicoccoides: p. 250.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorofeev D.F., 1976. Wild wheat species and their representation in the VIR world collection. In: D.A. Brezhnev (Ed.), Genetical resources of wheat, Leningrad, VASHNIL: pp. 17–24. (Russian, with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eig A., 1926. A contribution to the knowledge of the flora of Palestine. Jerusalem, Inst. of Agriculture and Natural History, Div. of Biology, Bull 4, Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 49–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eig A., 1927. A second contribution to the knowledge of the flora of Palestine, Jerusalem, Inst. of Agriculture and Natural History, Div. of Biology, Bull 6, Triticum dicoccoides: p. 70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eig A., 1930. Shedae ad floram exsiccatam Palaestinae. Jerusalem, Inst. of Agriculture and Natural History, Div. of Biology, Bull 7, Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans L.T. & R.L. Dunstone, 1970. Some physiological aspects of evolution in wheat. Aust J Biol Sci 23: 725–741.

    Google Scholar 

  • Feinbrun-Dothan N., 1986. Flora Palaestina, 4. Text. Jerusalem, Israel Acad Sci and Humanities. Triticum dicoccoides: p. 178.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flaksberger C.A., 1914. A contribution to the knowledge of wheats. The wild forms of the two-grained wheats. Trudy prikl Bot Genet Selek VII(12): 763–770. (Russian, with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Flaksberger C.A., 1915. Determination of wheats. Trudy prikl Bot Genet Selek VIII (1–2). Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 14–15, 26–27, 48–52. (Russian, with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Flaksberger C.A., 1926. A contribution to the study of wild monococcum and dicoccum and their phylogenetic connection with one another and with cultivated varieties. Trudy prikl Bot Genet Selek XVI(3). 201–234 (Russian, with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Flaksberger C.A., 1935. Cereals [Wheat.]. In: E.V. Vulff (Ed.), Flora of cultivated plants, I. Moscow, State Agr Publ House. Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 319–335. (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerechter-Amitai Z.K., 1980. Specific and non-specific resistance to yellow rust in Triticum dicoccoides. Triennial Report of Research, Inst. of Plant Protection, Agric Res Orgn, Bet Dagan, Israel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerechter-Amitai Z.K. & C.H.Van Silfhout, 1984. Resistance to powdery mildew in wild emmer (Triticum dicoccoides Körn). Euphytica 33: 273–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Giles B.E., 1984. A comparison between quantitative and biochemical variation in the wild barley Hordeum murinum. Evolution 38: 34–41.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harlan J.R. & D. Zohary, 1966. Distribution of wild wheats and barleys. Science 153: 1074–1080.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakubziner, M.M., 1932a. The wheats of Syria, Palestine and Transjordania, cultivated and wild. Trudy prikl Bot Genet Selek. Suppl. 53. Triticum dicoccoides: pp. {pp150–178}. (Russian, with English summary).

  • Jakubziner M.M., 1932 b. A contribution to the knowledge of the wild wheat of Transcaucasia. Trudy prikl Bot Genet Selek, Ser. 5, 1: 147–198. (Russian, with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Jakubziner, M.M., 1947. [On names of varieties and species of hard wheat.] Selek i Semenov 14(5). Moscow. Triticum araraticum p. 46. (in Russian).

  • Johnson B.L., 1967. Tetraploid wheats: seed protein electrophoretic pattern of the emmer and Timopheevi groups. Science 158: 131–132.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Johnson B.L., 1975. Identification of the apparent B-genome donor of wheat. Can J Genet Cytol 17: 21–39.

    Google Scholar 

  • Konarev A.I., E.F. Migushova, I.P. Gavriluk & V.G. Konarev, 1972. [Differentiation of wild emmer wheat according to electrophoretical data and immunochemical analysis of gliadins]. VSHNIL 8: 4–6. (In Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Körnicke, F., 1889. Die wilden Stammformen unserer Kulturweizen. Verh. naturhist. Vereines preuss. Rheinl. Westfalens Reg.-Bez. Osnabrück, 46, Bonn, Sitzungsber.: p. 21.

  • Kushnir U. & G.M. Halloran, 1982a. Quantitative studies of the amphidiploid (Aegilops sharonensis × Triticum monoccum) and the origin of the B genome of wheat. Wheat Inform Serv 54: 12–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushnir U. & G.M. Halloran, 1982b. Variation in vernalization and photoperiod response in tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) ecotypes. J Appl Ecol 19: 545–554.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushnir U. & G.M. Halloran, 1984. Plant nitrogen distribution in wild tetraploid (Triticum turgidum dicoccoides) and hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum). Euphytica 33: 641–649.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushnir U., D.L. Du Cros, E. Lagudah & G.M. Halloran, 1984a. Origin and variation of gliadin proteins associated with pasta quality in durum wheat. Euphytica 33: 289–294.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kushnir U., J.W. Lee & G.M. Halloran, 1984b. α-amylase inhibition and the origin of the B genome of wheat. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 179: 149–153.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maan S.S., 1973. Cytoplasmic and cytogenetic relationships among tetraploid Triticum species. Euphytica 22: 287–300.

    Google Scholar 

  • Makushina E.N., 1938. A new species of wheat, Triticum armeniacum (Jakubz.) sp. n. Dokl Acad Sci USSR, XXI (7): 345–348.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mansur-Vergara L., C.V. Konzak, Z.K. Gerechter-Amitai, A. Grama & A. Blum, 1984. A computer assisted examination of the storage protein genetic variation in 841 accessions of Triticum dicoccoides. Theor. appl. Genet 69: 79–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Migushova E.F. & A.I. Konarev, 1975. Genetic diversity of quality of wild emmer from Iraq. Westn Selskokhoz Nauki, Moscow, 9: 18–22. (Russian, with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller C.I., 1983. A steep cline in Pinus muricata. Evolution 37: 311–319.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moseman J.G., E. Nevo, M.A. Morshidi & D. Zohary, 1984. Resistance of Triticum dicoccoides to infection with Erysiphe graminis tritici. Euphytica 33: 273–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouterde P., 1966a. Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, I. 094 Texte. Beyrouth, Editions de l'Imprimerie Catolique. Triticum dicoccoides: p 143.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mouterde P., 1966b. Nouvelle Flore du Liban et de la Syrie, I, 094 Atlas. Beyrouth, Editions de l'Imprimerie Catolique: Pl. XVII.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nabelek F., 1929. Iter Turco-Persicum, V. Brno, Publ Fac Sci Mazaryk Univ. Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 27–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevo E., A. Beiles, Y. Gutterman, A. Storch & D. Kaplan, 1984. Genetic resources of wild cereals in Israel and vicinity I. Phenotypic variation within and between populations of wild wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. Euphytica 33: 717–735.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevo E., E. Golenberg, A. Beiles, A.H.D. Brown & D. Zohary, 1982. Genetic diversity and environmental associations of wild wheat, Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel. Theor appl Genet 62: 241–254.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nevo E., A. Grama, A. Beiles & E.M. Golenberg, 1986. Resources of high protein genotypes in wild wheat Triticum dicoccoides, in Israel: predictive method by ecology and allozyme markers. Genet 68: 215–227.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer H.R., 1957. Wild emmer — its discovery by A. Aaronsohn, fifty years ago, and its importance for the origin of cultivated wheats. Svensk Bot Tidskr 51: 545–551.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer H.R., 1963. Ecological relationship of wild emmer in Israel and A. Aaronsohn's contribution to the theory of the origin of cultivated wheat. Genet Agrar 17 (Suppl.): 249–258.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oppenheimer, H.R. & M. Evenary, 1931. Reliquiae Aaronsohnianae. I. Florula Transiordanica, Bull Soc Bot Geneve 22.

  • Oppenheimer, H.R. & M. Evenari, 1940. Reliquiae Aaronsohnianae. II. Florula Cisiordanica, Bull Soc Bot Geneve, 31.

  • Percival J., 1921. The wheat plant. London, E.P. Duckworth & Co. Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 178–185.

    Google Scholar 

  • Post G.E., 1933. Flora of Syria, Palestine and Sinai (revised and enlarged by J.E. Dinsmore.) Beirut, American Press. Triticum dicoccoides: p. 782.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rao, P.S., 1968. Cytogenetical and morphological study of Israeli and Turkish wild emmer (Triticum turgidum L. em. var. dicoccoides (Körn.) Bowden) collections and their relation to other tetraploid wheats. Ph.D. thesis, Oklahoma, State University, Stillwater OK.

  • Rao P.S. & E.L. Smith, 1968. Studies with Israeli and Turkish accessions of Triticum turgidum L. emend. var. dicoccoides (Koern.) Bowden. Wheat Inform Service 26: 6–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rawal, K.M., 1969. Cytogenetic analyses of wild emmer populations. Ph.D. thesis, part II. Urbana-Champaign, IL, Univerisity of Illinois. Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 67–75.

  • Rawal K. & J.R. Harlan, 1975. Cytogenetic analysis of wild emmer populations from Turkey and Israel. Euphytica 24: 407–411.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sachs L., 1953. Chromosome behavior in species hybrids with Triticum timopheevi. Heredity 7: 49–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiemann E., 1948. Weizen, Roggen, Gerste: Systematic, Geschichte und Verwendung. Jena, Verlag G. Fischer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schiemann E., 1956. Fünfzig Jahre Triticum dicoccoides. Aaronsohns Entdeckung des Wildemmer einst und jetzt. Ber. deutsch. bot. Ges. 69: 309–322.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz A., 1913. Über eine neue spontane Eutriticum form Triticum dicoccoides Kcke. forma Straussiana. Ber. deutsch. bot. Ges. 31: 226–230.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schweinfurth, G., 1906. Die Entdeckung des wilden Urweizens in Palästina. Vossische Zeitung, September, 21.

  • Scheinfurth G., 1908. Uber die von Aaronsohn ausgeführten Nachforschungen nach dem wilden Emmer (Triticum dicoccoides Kcke). Ber. deutsch. bot. Ges. 26a, pt. 4: 309–324.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sokal R.R., 1978. Population differentiation: something new or more of the same? In: P.F. Brussard (Ed.). Ecological Genetics: The Interface. New York, Springer-Verlag, pp. 215–239.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tanaka, M. & H. Ishii, 1973. Cytogenetic evidence on the speciation of wild tetraploid wheats collected in Iraq, Turkey and Iran. Proc. 4th Int. Wheat Genet. Symp., Columbia, MO, pp. 115–121.

  • Tumanian M., 1929. Wild einkorns and emmers in Armenia. Trudy prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek. 24(2): 1–14. (Russian, with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tumanian M., 1934. The botanical diversity of the wild wheats in Armenia. Trudy prikl. Bot. Genet. Selek., Ser. V, 2: 241–268. (Russian, with English summary).

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Plant inventory No. 186, January 1 to December 31, 1978. U.S. Govt. Print. Office, Washington. Triticum dicoccoides: pp. pp282–287.

  • Vavilov N.I., 1962. [Five continents.] Moscow, State geograph. Publ. House. (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vavilov N.I., 1966. [The laws of natural plant immunity to infections diseases (manual to find resistant forms).] In: Vavilov N.I.. The Selected Works. Genetics and Plant Breeding. Moscow, Kolos. Triticum dicoccoides: p. 262 (in Russian).

    Google Scholar 

  • Vavilov, N.I., O.K. Fortunatova, M.M. Jakubziner, E.T. Palmova, E.I. Nikolaenko, E.A. Stoletova, K.A. Verkhovskaya, L.L. Shreiber & S.G. Syrovatsky, 1931. [The Wheats of Abyssinia.] Trudy prikl Bot Genet Selek, Suppl. 51 (in Russian).

  • Voss E.G., H.M. Burdet, W.G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, P. Hiepko, J. McNeill, R.D. Meikle, D.H. Nicolson, R.C. Rollins & P.C. Silva, 1983. International code of botanical nomenclature. Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenaar E.B., 1961. Studies on the genome constitution of Triticum timopheevi Zhuk. I. Evidence for genetic control of meiotic irregularities in tetraploid hybrids. Can J Genet Cytol 3: 47–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary D., 1969. The progenitors of wheat and barley in relation to domestication and agricultural dispersal in the old world. In: P.J. Ucko & G.W. Dimbley (Eds.), The domestication and exploration of plants and animals, pp. 47–66. London, Duckworth.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohary D., 1983. Wild genetic resources of crops in Israel. Israel J. Bot. 32. Triticum dicoccoides: pp. 98–99.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Department of Field Crops, P.O. Box 6, 50 250, Bet-Dagan, Israel

    Helena Poyarkova

Authors
  1. Helena Poyarkova
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Poyarkova, H. Morphology, geography and infraspecific taxonomics of Triticum dicoccoides Körn. A retrospective of 80 years of research. Euphytica 38, 11–23 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024806

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00024806

Key words

Search

Navigation