Abstract
We have previously characterized nuclear cDNA clones encoding two RNA binding proteins, CP-RBP30 and CP-RBP-31, which are targeted to chloroplasts in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. In this report we describe the analysis of the 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTRs) in 22 CP-RBP30 and 8 CP-RBP31 clones which reveals that mRNAs encoding both proteins have a very complex polyadenylation pattern. Fourteen distinct poly(A) sites were identified among CP-RBP30 clones and four sites among the CP-RBP31 clones. The authenticity of the sites was confirmed by RNase A/T1 mapping of N. plumbaginifolia RNA. CP-RBP30 provides an extreme example of the heterogeneity known to be a feature of mRNA polyadenylation in higher plants. Using PCR we have demonstrated that CP-RBP genes in N. plumbaginifolia and N. sylvestris, in addition to the previously described introns interrupting the coding region, contain an intron located in the 3′ non-coding part of the gene. In the case of the CP-RBP31, we have identified one polyadenylation event ocurring in this intron.
References
Biamonti G, Buvoli M, Bassi MT, Morandi C, Cobianchi F, Riva S: Isolation of an active gene encoding human hnRNP protein A1. J Mol Biol 207: 491–503 (1989).
Boutry M, Chua N-H: A nuclear gene encoding the beta subunit of the mitochondrial ATP synthase in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. EMBO J 4: 2159–2165 (1985).
Burd CG, Dreyfuss G: Conserved structures and diversity of functions of RNA-binding proteins. Science 265: 615–621 (1994).
Cheng S-H, Cline K, DeLisle A: An Arabidopsis chloroplast RNA-binding protein gene encodes multiple mRNAs with different 5′ ends. Plant Physiol 106: 303–311 (1994).
Czarnecka E, Gurley WB, Nagao RT, Mosquera LA, Key JL: DNA sequence and transcript mapping of a soybean gene encoding a smali heat shock protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82: 3726–3730 (1985).
Dean C, Tamaki S, Dunsmuir P, Favreau M, Katayama C, Dooner H, Bedbrook J: mRNA transcripts of several plant genes are polyadenylated at multiple site in vivo. Nucl Acids Res 14: 2229–2240 (1986).
De Loose M, Gheysen G, Tiré C, Gielen J, Villarroel R, Genetello C, Van Montagu M, Depicker A, Inzé D: The extensin signal peptide allows secretion of a heterologous protein from protoplasts. Gene 99: 95–100 (1991).
Dietrich MA, Prenger JP, Guilfoyle TJ: Analysis of the genes encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II in Arabidopsis and soybean. Plant Mol Biol 15: 207–223 (1990).
Goodall GJ, Filipowcz W: The AU-rich sequences present in the introns of plant nuclear pre-MRNAs are required for splicing. Cell 58: 473–483 (1989).
Goodall GJ, Kiss T, Filipowicz W: Nuclear RNA splicing and small nuclear RNAs and their genes in higher plants. Oxf Surv Plant Mol Cell Biol 7: 255–296 (1991).
Greenspan DS, Weissman SM: Synthesis of predominantly unspliced cytoplasmic RNAs by chimeric herpes simplex virus Type 1 thymidine kinase-human β-Globin genes. Mol Cell Biol 5: 1894–1900 (1985).
Heidmann S, Obermaier B, Vogel K, Domdey H: Identification of pre-mRNA polyadenylation sites in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 12: 4215–4229 (1992).
Hershey HP, Barker RF, Idler KB, Murray MG, Quail PH: Nucleotide sequence and characterization of a gene encoding the phytochrome polypeptide from Avena. Gene 16: 339–348 (1987).
Hunt AG: Messenger RNA 3′ end formation in plants. Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol 45: 47–60 (1994).
Joshi CP: Putative polyadenylation signals in nuclear genes of higher plants: a compilation and analysis. Nucl Acids Res 15: 9627–9640 (1987).
Kenan DJ, Query CC, Keene JD: RNA recognition: to-wards identifying determinants of specificity. Trends Biochem Sci 16: 214–220 (1991).
Li Y, Sugiura M: Three distinct ribonucleoproteins from tobacco chloroplasts: each contains a unique amino terminal acidic domain and two ribonucleoprotein consensus motifs. EMBO J 9: 3059–3066 (1990).
Li Y, Le L, Sugita M, Sugiura M: Tobacco nuclear gene for the 31 kd chloroplast ribonucleoprotein: genomic organization, sequence analysis and expression. Nucl Acids Res 19: 2987–2991 (1991).
Luehrsen KR, Walbot V: Intron creation and polyadenylation in maize are directed by AU-rich RNA. Genes Devel 8: 1117–1130 (1991).
MacDonald MH, Mogen BD, Hunt AG: Characterization of the polyadenylation signal from the T-DNA-encoded octopine synthase gene. Nucl Acids Res 19: 5575–5581 (1991).
Mieszczak M, Klahre U, Levy JH, Goodall GJ, Filipowicz W: Multiple plant RNA binding proteins identified by PCR: expression of cDNAs encoding RNA binding proteins targeted to chloroplasts in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Mol Gen Genet 234: 390–400 (1992).
Mogen BD, MacDonald MH, Graybosch R, Hunt AG: Upstream sequences other than AAUAAA are required for efficient messenger RNA 3′-end formation in plants. Plant Cell 2: 1261–1272 (1990).
Mogen BD, MacDonald MH, Leggewie G, Hunt AG: Several distinct types of sequence elements are required for efficient mRNA 3′ end formation in pea rbcS gene. Mol Cell Biol 12: 5406–5414 (1992).
Nash J, Walbot V: Bronze-2 gene expression and intron splicing patterns in cells and tissues of Zea mays L. Plant Physiol 100: 464–471 (1992).
Pichersky E, Brock TG, Nguyen D, Hoffman NE, Piechulla B, Tanksley SD, Green BR: A new member of the CAB gene family: structure, expression and chromosomal location of Cab-8, the tomato gene encoding the Type III chlorophyll a/b-binding polypeptide of photosystem I. Plant Mol Biol 12: 257–270 (1989).
Proudfoot N: Poly(A) signals. Cell 64: 671–674 (1991).
Rothnie HM, Reid J, Hohn T: The contribution of AAUAAA and the upstream element UUUGUA to the efficiency of mRNA 3′-end formation in plants. EMBO J 13: 2200–2210 (1994).
Sanfacon H, Brodmann P, Hohn T: A dissection of the cauliflower mosaic virus polyadenylation signal. Genes Devel 5: 141–149 (1991).
Sullivan TD, Christensen AH, Quail PH: Isolation and characterization of a maize chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene that produces high levels of mRNA in the dark. Mol Gen Genet 215: 431–440 (1989).
Vankan P, Filipowicz W: Structure of U2 snRNA genes of Arabidopsis thaliana and their expression in electroporated plant protoplasts. EMBO 7: 791–799 (1988).
Wahle E, Keller W: The biochemistry of 3′-end cleavage and polyadenylation of messenger RNA precursors. Annu Rev Biochem 61: 419–440 (1992).
Wu L, Ueda T, Messing J: Sequence and spacial requirements for the tissue-and species-independent 3′-end processing mechanism of plant mRNA. Moll Cel Biol 14: 6829–6838 (1994).
Ye L, Li Y, Fukami-Kobayashi K, Go M, Konishi T, Watanabe A, Sugiura M: Diversity of a ribonucleoprotein family in tobacco chloroplasts: two new chloroplast ribonucleproteins and a phylogenetic tree of ten chloroplast RNA-binding domains. Nucl Acids Res 19: 6485–6490 (1991).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klahre, U., Hemmings-Mieszczak, M. & Filipowicz, W. Extreme heterogeneity of polyadenylation sites in mRNAs encoding chloroplast RNA-binding proteins in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia . Plant Mol Biol 28, 569–574 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00020402
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00020402