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Etude morphologique deSyphaciella madagascariensis Vassiliadès (Nematoda, Heteroxynematidae) parasite dePterocles personatus (Aves, Pteroclididae)

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Résumé

Syphaciella madagascariensis Vassiliadès, 1970 parasite d'un oiseau endémique à Madagascar,Pterocles personatus (Gould), est redécrite. Les caractéristiques et la position systématique du genreSyphaciella Mönnig, 1920 sont ensuite discutées. La description de deux spicules dans plusieurs espèces du genreSyphaciella avait conduit à interpréter ce taxon, tantôt comme un Cosmocercoidea, tantôt comme un Oxyuroidea aberrant. Or l'étude morphologique deS. madagascariensis montre que la description de ces spicules résulte très probablement d'une erreur d'interprétation et que, pour tous ses autres caractères, ce parasite doit être considéré comme Oxyuroidea Heteroxynematidae typique. La spécificité du genreSyphaciella pour les Oiseaux du genrePterocles dans toute leur aire de répartition, alors que la très grande majorité des autres Heteroxynematidae sont des parasites spécifiques, soit de Rongeurs, soit de Lagomorphes, est interprétée comme le résultat de la capture, probablement ancienne, de parasites de Mammifères par des Oiseaux partageant le même biotope.

Abstract

Syphaciella madagascariensis Vassiliadès, 1970, parasitic in the caecum and intestine of a bird endemic to Madagascar,Pterocles personatus (Gould), is redescribed.S. madagascariensis is characterized by: (i) a very accentuated sexual dimorphism in the buccal structures; (ii) in the males by a massive spicule, a feebly developed gubernaculum and four pairs of genital papillae; and (iii) in the females by a short musculo-glandular region of the ovejector and by the peculiar morphology of the eggs.

The morphological characteristics and the systematics of the genusSyphaciella Mönnig, 1920 are discussed. In the past, the description of two spicules in severalSyphaciella spp. led to this genus being considered as a cosmocercoid or an aberrant oxyuroid group. The morphological study ofS. madagascariensis shows that: (i) the description of these two spicules has probably resulted in an erroneous interpretation; and (ii) the genusSyphaciella possesses all of the typical characters of the oxyuroid family Heteroxynematidae. This genus includes six very closely related species and is specific to the host genusPterocles throughout its geographical range, from South Africa and Madagascar to India. Most of the other heteroxynematids are parasitic in rodents or lagomorphs and the presence of such a parasite in birds is interpreted as being the result of host capture.

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Hugot, J.P. Etude morphologique deSyphaciella madagascariensis Vassiliadès (Nematoda, Heteroxynematidae) parasite dePterocles personatus (Aves, Pteroclididae). Syst Parasitol 14, 43–52 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00019994

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