Abstract
The induction by cytokinin stress and ethylene of nine different tobacco mosaic virus-inducible mRNA classes (termed A-I) encoding pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins was studied. The induced mRNA levels were compared to basal levels in healthy tobacco plants grown in tissue culture and in a greenhouse. Cytokinin stress and ethylene were found to induce different subsets of the mRNAs, indicating that ethylene is not the primary inducing signal in cytokinin-stressed shoots. mRNAs F, H and G encoding the basic hydrolytic enzymes chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and a basic equivalent of PR-1, respectively, were found to be expressed at high levels in roots of healthy plants. mRNAs D, I and B encoding the acidic equivalents of the proteins proved to be present at low levels in healthy plants. These results indicate that genes encoding basic and acidic isoforms of pathogenesis-related proteins are differentially regulated.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bol JF, vanKan JAL: The synthesis and possible functions of virus-induced proteins in plants. Microbiol Sci 5: 47–52 (1988).
Boller T, Vögeli U: Vacuolar localization of ethylene-induced chitinase in bean leaves. Plant Physiol 74: 442–444 (1984).
Condit CM, Meagher RB: A gene encoding a novel glycine-rich structural protein of petunia. Nature 323: 178–181 (1986).
Cornelissen BJC, Hooftvan Huijsduijnen RAM, Bol JF: A tobacco mosaic virus-induced tobacco protein is homologous to the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin. Nature 321: 531–532 (1986).
Cornelissen BJC, Hooftvan Huijsduijnen RAM, vanLoon LC, Bol JF: Molecular characterization of messenger RNAs for ‘pathogenesis-related’ proteins 1a, 1b and 1c, induced by TMV infection of tobacco. EMBO J 5: 37–40 (1986).
Cornelissen BJC, Horowitz J, vanKan JAL, Goldberg RB, Bol JF: Structure of tobacco genes encoding pathogenesis-related proteins from the PR-1 group. Nucleic Acids Res 15: 6799–6811 (1987).
ecker JR, Davis RW: Plant defense genes are regulated by ethylene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 5202–5206 (1987).
Hooftvan Huijsduijnen RAM, Kauffmann S, Brederode FT, Cornelissen BJC, Legrand M, Fritig B, Bol JF: Homology between chitinases that are induced by TMV infection of tobacco. Plant Mol Biol 9: 411–420 (1987).
Hooftvan Huijsduijnen RAM, vanLoon LC, Bol JF: cDNA cloning of six mRNAs induced by TMV infection of tobacco and a characterization of their translation products. EMBO J 5: 2057–2061 (1986).
Kaldenhoff R, Richter G: Sequence of cDNA for a novel light-induced glycin-rich protein. Nucleic Acids Res 17: 2853 (1989).
Kauffmann S, Legrand M, Geoffroy P, Fritig B: Biological function of ‘pathogenesis-related’ proteins: four PR proteins have 1,3-β-glucanase activity. EMBO J 6: 3209–3212 (1987).
Kuhlemeier C, Green PJ, Chua N-H: Regulation of gene expression in higher plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 38: 221–257 (1987).
Lamb CJ, Lawton MA, Dron M, Dixon RA: Signals and transduction mechanisms for activation of plant defenses against microbial attack. Cell 56: 215–224 (1989).
Legrand M, Kauffmann S, Geoffroy P, Fritig B: Biological function of pathogenesis-related proteins: Four tobacco pathogenesis-related proteins are chitinases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6750–6754 (1987).
Mauch F, Staehelin LA: Functional implications of the subcellular localization of ethylene-induced chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase in bean leaves. Plant Cell 1: 447–457 (1989).
Memelink J: Altered gene expression in T-DNA transformed tobacco tissues. Ph.D. Thesis, Leiden University, Netherlands (1988).
Memelink J, dePater BS, Hoge JHC, Schilperoort RA: T-DNA hormone biosynthetic genes: phytohormones and gene expression in plants. Dev Genet 8: 321–337 (1987).
Memelink J, Hoge JHC, Schilperoort RA: Cytokinin stress changes the developmental regulation of several defence-related genes in tobacco. EMBO J 6: 3579–3583 (1987).
Mohnen D, Shinshi H, Felix G, Meins FJr: Hormonal regulation of β-1,3-glucanase messenger RNA levels in cultured tobacco tissues. EMBO J 4: 1631–1635 (1985).
Peerbolte R, Floor M, Ruigrok P, Hoge JHC, Wullems GJ, Schilperoort RA: Stability and expression of transferred DNA in F1 tobacco transformants studied at various states of differentiation. Planta 172: 448–462 (1987).
Richardson M, Valdes-Rodriguez S, Blanco-Labra A: A possible function for thaumatin and a TMV-induced protein suggested by homology to a maize inhibitor. Nature 327: 432–434 (1987).
Shinshi H, Mohnen D, Meins FJr: Regulation of a plant pathogenesis-related enzyme: Inhibition of chitinase and chitinase mRNA accumulation in cultured tobacco tissues by auxin and cytokinin. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 89–93 (1987).
Shinshi H, Wenzler H, Neuhaus J-M, Felix G, Hofsteenge J, Meins FJr: Evidence for N- and C-terminal processing of a plant defense-related enzyme: Primary structure of tobacco prepro-β-1,3-glucanase. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85: 5541–5545 (1988).
Singh NK, Bracker CA, Hasegawa PM, Handa AK, Buckel S, Hermodson MA, Pfankoch E, Regnier FE, Bressan RA: Characterization of osmotin. Plant Physiol 85: 529–536 (1987).
Van denBulcke M, Bauw G, Castresana C, VanMontagu M, Vandekerckhove J: Characterization of vacuolar and extracellular β(1,3)-glucanases of tobacco: Evidence for a strictly compartmentalized plant defense system. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 86: 2673–2677 (1989).
VanKan JAL, Cornelissen BJC, Bol JF: A virus-inducible tobacco gene encoding a glycine-rich protein shares putative regulatory elements with the ribulose biphosphate carboxylase small subunit gene. Mol Plant-Microbe Interactions 1: 107–112 (1988).
VanLoon LC: Pathogenesis-related proteins. Plant Mol Biol 4: 111–116 (1985).
VanLoon LC, Gerritsen YAM, Ritter CE: Identification, purification and characterization of pathogenesis-related proteins from virus-infected Samsun NN tobacco leaves. Plant Mol Biol 9: 593–609 (1987).
Yang SF, Hoffman NE: Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants. Ann Rev Plant Physiol 35: 155–189 (1984).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Memelink, J., Linthorst, H.J.M., Schilperoort, R.A. et al. Tobacco genes encoding acidic and basic isoforms of pathogenesis-related proteins display different expression patterns. Plant Mol Biol 14, 119–126 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018553
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00018553