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On the measurement of dynamic fracture toughnesses — a review of recent work

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Abstract

The influence of dynamic effects on test procedures for measuring the crack arrest toughness and the impact fracture toughness is analyzed. It is shown that these dynamic effects can be significant: For cracks at arrest the stress condition is still dynamic and not static although the crack velocity has become zero. Dynamic effects become small only for small crack velocities or small crack jumps or for specially designed specimens. It is shown that the stress intensity factor history for cracks under impact loading cannot be adequately derived from instrumented impact data via static evaluation procedures. Only for large times to failure, resulting for small impact velocities and/or ductile material behavior do static approaches represent acceptable approximations. Reliable crack arrest and impact fracture toughness data can only be obtained by evaluation procedures which take the dynamic effects into account, e.g. by utilizing the reduced dynamic effects crack arrest test specimen or by applying the concept of impact response curves.

Résumé

On a analysé l'influence des effets dynamiques sur les procédures d'essais pour mesurer la ténacité à l'arrêt d'une fissure et la ténacité à la rupture par impact. On montre que ces effets dynamiques peuvent être significatifs: pour des fissures qui s'arrêtent, les conditions d'essais sont toujours dynamiques et non statiques, bien que la vitesse de la fissure soit devenue égale à 0. Les effets dynamiques deviennent petits seulement pour de faibles vitesses de la fissure ou pour de petits resauts de la fissure ou encore dans le cas d'éprouvettes spécialement conçues. On montre que l'histoire du facteur d'intensité de contrainte pour des fissures soumises à une charge d'impact ne peut être convenablement déduite de données d'impact instrumenté évaluée selon une procédure statique. Ce n'est que pour de longues périodes de temps avant rupture, qui résultent de faible vitesse d'impact et/ou d'un comportement ductile du matériau que les approches statiques conduisent à des approximations satisfaisantes. Les données fiables de ténacité à l'arrêt d'une rupture ou à la rupture par choc ne peuvent être obtenues que par des procédures d'évaluation qui prennent en compte les effets dynamiques, par exemple en utilisant une éprouvette d'essai d'arrêt de rupture à effets dynamiques réduits ou en appliquant le concept des courbes réponses à l'impact.

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  1. Fraunhofer-Institut für Werkstoffmechanik, Wöhlerstrasse 11, D-7800, Freiburg, Federal Republic of Germany

    J. F. Kalthoff

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Kalthoff, J.F. On the measurement of dynamic fracture toughnesses — a review of recent work. Int J Fract 27, 277–298 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00017973

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00017973

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