Synopsis
Relationships between sublethal concentrations of cadmium and zinc in natural water and metal uptake by and growth of fish were investigated. RNA-DNA ratios and weight gain were used to assess seasonal growth differences between yellow perch populations from contaminated and control sites. Whole-body concentrations of cadmium and zinc in young-of-the-year perch (Perca flavescens) were significantly different between sites. Measurable growth differences did occur and were significantly correlated with cadmium levels. Growth differences that were prominent during mid-summer were reduced by late summer. RNA-DNA ratios were sensitive indicators of fish growth.
References cited
Atchison, G. J., B. R. Murphy, W. E. Bishop, A. W. McIntosh & R. A. Mayes. 1977. Trace metal contamination of bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) from two Indiana lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 106: 637–640.
Ball, I. R. 1967. The relative susceptibilities of some species of freshwater fish to poisons — II. Zinc. Water Res. 1: 777–783.
Bengtsson, B. E. 1974. Effect of zinc on growth of the minnowPhoxinus phoxinus. Oikos 25: 370–373.
Benoit, D. A. 1975. Chronic effects of copper on survival, growth and reproduction of the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 104: 353–358.
Benoit, D. A. 1976. Toxic effects of hexavalent chromium on brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). Water Res. 10: 497–500.
Benoit, D. A., E. N. Leonard, G. M. Christensen & J. T. Fiandt. 1976. Toxic effects of cadmium on three generations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 105: 550–560.
Biesinger, K. E. & G. M. Christensen. 1972. Effects of various metals on survival, growth, reproduction and metabolism ofDaphna magna. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 29: 1691–1702.
Brungs, W. A. 1969. Chronic toxicity of zinc to the fathead minnow,Pimephales promelas Rafinesque. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98: 272–279.
Bulow, F. J. 1970. RNA-DNA ratios as indicators of recent growth rates of a fish. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 27: 2343–2349.
Bulow, F. J. 1971. Selection of suitable tissues for use in the RNA-DNA ratio technique of assessing recent growth rate of a fish. Iowa St. J. Sci. 46: 71–78.
Christensen, G. M. 1975. Biochemical effects of methyl mercuric chloride, cadmium chloride and lead nitrate on embryos and alevins of the brook trout,Salvelinus fontinalis. Toxicol. Appl. Pharm. 32: 191–197.
Clubb, R. W., A. R. Gaufin & J. L. Lords. 1975. Acute cadmium toxicity studies upon nine species of aquatic insects. Env. Res. 9: 332–341.
Eaton, J. G. 1973. Chronic toxicity of a copper, cadmium and zinc mixture to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque). Water Res. 7: 1723–1736.
Eaton, J. G. 1974. Chronic cadmium toxicity to the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus Rafinesque). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103: 722–728.
Giesy, J. P. & J. G. Wiener. 1977. Frequency distributions of trace metal concentrations in five freshwater fishes. Trans. Ain. Fish. Soc. 106: 393–403.
Gunning, G. E. & A. B. LaNasa. 1973. Environmental evaluation based on relative growth rates of fishes. Prog. Fish. Cult. 35: 85–86.
Haines, T. A. 1973. An evaluation of RNA-DNA ratio as a measure of long-term growth in fish populations. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 30: 195–199.
Holcombe, G. W., D. A. Benoit, E. N. Leonard & J. M. McKim. 1976. Long-term effects of lead exposure on three generations of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33: 1731–1741.
Larsen, R. J. 1975. Statistics for the allied health sciences. Charles E. Merrill Publishing Co. Coumbus, Ohio. 323 pp.
McIntosh, A. W., B. K. Shephard, R. A. Mayes, G. J. Atchison & D. W. Nelson. 1978. Some aspects of sediment distribution and macrophyte cycling of heavy metals in as contaminated lake. J. Environ. Qual. 7: 301–305.
Murphy, B. R., G. J. Atchison, A. W. McIntosh and D. J. Kolar. 1978. Cadmium and zinc content of fish from an industrially contaminated lake. J. Fish. Biol. 13: 327–335.
Mustafa, S. 1977. Influence of maturation on the concentrations of RNA and DNA in the flesh of the catfishClarias batrachus. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 106: 449–457.
Nasiri, S. K. 1972. Growth of carpsuckersCarpiodes SPP as indicated by RNA/DNa ratios. Ph. D. dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA. 76 pp.
Sable, D. W. 1974. RNA-DNA ratios as indicators of short-term growth in channel catfish. Ph. D. dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA, 92 pp.
Sauter, S., K. S. Buxton, K. J. Macek & S. R. Petrocelli. 1976. Effects of exposure to heavy metals on selected freshwater fish. U.S. Environ. Protection Agency, Ecol. Res. Ser. No. EPA-600/3-76-105: 74 pp.
Sinley, J. R., J. P. Goettl & P. H. Davies. 1974. The effects of zinc on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in hard and soft water. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 12: 193–201.
Spanovskaya, V. D. & V. A. Grygorash. 1977. Development and food of age 0 Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) in reservoirs near Moscow, U.S.S.R. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 34: 1551–1558.
Spehar, R. C. 1976. Cadmium and zinc toxicity to flagfishJordanella Floridae. J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 33: 1939–1945.
Sullivan, J. F., B. R. Murphy, G. J. Atchison & A. W. McIntosh. 1978. Time dependent cadmium uptake by fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) during field and laboratory exposure. Hydrobiologia 57: 65–68.
Wentsel, R., A. McIntosh & V. Anderson. 1977a. Sediment contamination and benthic macroinvertebrate distribution in a metal-impacted lake. Environ. Poll. 14: 187–193.
Wentsel, R., A. McIntosh, W. P. McCafferty, G. Atchison & V. Anderson. 1977b. Avoidance response of midge larvae (Chironomus tentans) to sediments containing heavy metals. Hydrobiologia 55: 171–175.
Wentsel, R., A. McIntosh & G. Atchison. 1977c. Sublethal effects of heavy metal contaminated sediments on midge larvae (Chironomus tentans). Hydrobiologia 56: 153–156.
Wentsel, R., A. McIntosh & W. P. McCafferty. 1978. Emergence of the midgeChironomus tentans when exposed to heavy metal contaminated sediment. Hydrobiologia 577: 195–196.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kearns, P.K., Atchison, G.J. Effects of trace metals on growth of yellow perch (Perca flavescens) as measured by RNA-DNA ratios. Environ Biol Fish 4, 383–387 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005528
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00005528