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Host Factors in Tuberculosis

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Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Molecular Infection Biology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and New Interventions

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) continues to remain one of the most deadly infectious diseases worldwide especially in the developing countries. The lack of new drugs for TB, vaccine availability, with increasing global antimicrobial resistance, has prompted more research into defining host factors and developing immunomodulatory strategies. Some of the known risk factors that increase the susceptibility to TB include immunocompromised states such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, smoking, socioeconomic deprivation, malnutrition, diabetes mellitus, air pollution, occupational exposures, and alcohol consumption. In this chapter we review the available information about host factors that help understand susceptibility to TB. Defining the host factors is critical to develop host-directed therapies that may enhance host defenses and perhaps reduce tissue damage from chronic TB infections.

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Abbreviations

AIDS:

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

EPTP:

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis

HIV:

Human immunodeficiency virus

IFN:

Interferon

MBL2:

Mannose-binding lectin gene

MDR-TB:

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis

MTB:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

TB:

Tuberculosis

TNF:

Tumor necrosis factor

WHO:

World Health Organization

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA

    Ruxana T. Sadikot

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  1. Ruxana T. Sadikot
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Correspondence to Ruxana T. Sadikot .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain

  2. Inflammation Biology and Cell Signaling Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Pathology, Safdarjung Hospital Campus, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Nasreen Z. Ehtesham

  3. JH Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Sonam Grover

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Sadikot, R.T. (2019). Host Factors in Tuberculosis. In: Hasnain, S., Ehtesham, N., Grover, S. (eds) Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: Molecular Infection Biology, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics and New Interventions. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9413-4_3

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