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Enhancing Agricultural Water Productivity Using Deficit Irrigation Practices in Water-Scarce Regions

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Enhancing Resilience of Dryland Agriculture Under Changing Climate

Abstract

As the world grapples with climate change concerns, particularly changes in temperature and precipitation, modifying these climate variables as a result of global warming leads to a water scarcity crisis in the country. Water scarcity is defined as annual water availability per capita is less than 1000 cubic metres, according to a World Bank assessment. Following the Falkenmark Index, water shortage exists in more than half of the country’s 20 river basins, with availability of less than 1000 cubic metres per capita per annum (Singh and Kaur, India’s water crisis: challenges, solutions and barriers, working paper, Rajiv Gandhi Institute for Contemporary Studies, 2019). Along with this India has endowed only 4% of the world’s freshwater resources despite of 17% of world population clearly highlights the need for its sagacious use. The country’s water availability has worsened as a result of the disproportionate availability of freshwater and the delayed monsoon as a consequence of climate change. The situation extensively affects the country’s agricultural productivity which is the mainstay of Indian economy and principal livelihood for over 58 percent of the rural households. However, an ever-increasing population puts a strain on food supplies. As a result, scientific water management in agricultural practice is widely recognized as critical to long-term agrarian reform in water-stressed situations, which necessitates a paradigm shift away from maximizing productivity per unit of land area and towards maximizing productivity per unit of water. Keeping these facts, potent irrigation water management in a future of water shortage must be required, with the goal of conserving water and optimizing its output. In addition, a new management paradigm based on maximizing net benefit rather than yield must be implemented. This can be accomplished by lowering irrigation water demand and diverting the saved water to irrigate greater area while maintaining a relatively high water yield. To deal with this, the most important intervention is deficit irrigation, which involves purposely under-irrigating crops by applying water below the evapotranspiration requirements (English and Nuss, J Am Soc Civil Eng 108:91–106, 1982). As a result, this chapter has discussed a methodical and plausible strategy for increasing water productivity through deficit irrigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Water Technology Centre, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New-Delhi, India

    Truptimayee Suna

  2. ICAR-Research Complex for Eastern Region, Patna, India

    Arti Kumari

  3. ICAR-National Institute of Secondary Agriculture, Ranchi, India

    Pradosh Kumar Paramaguru

  4. Division of Agricultural Engineering, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New-Delhi, India

    N. L. Kushwaha

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  1. Truptimayee Suna
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  2. Arti Kumari
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  3. Pradosh Kumar Paramaguru
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  4. N. L. Kushwaha
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Integrated Farming System, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India

    Anandkumar Naorem

  2. Division of Natural Resource Management, ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Jodhpur, India

    Deepesh Machiwal

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Suna, T., Kumari, A., Paramaguru, P.K., Kushwaha, N.L. (2023). Enhancing Agricultural Water Productivity Using Deficit Irrigation Practices in Water-Scarce Regions. In: Naorem, A., Machiwal, D. (eds) Enhancing Resilience of Dryland Agriculture Under Changing Climate. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9159-2_11

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