Abstract
Photoelectrochemical water splitting with sunlight irradiated to produce hydrogen belongs to promising approaches due to the simplicity of the constructive implementation and ease of control. This review article discusses the synthesis of ZnO, and metal chalcogenide-based heterostructures and their use in photoelectrochemical hydrogen production. The use of ZnO and metal chalcogenides heterostructures improves the absorption of sunlight in the near-infrared spectrum, increase the ability of photoelectrochemical splitting of water, and reduce the recombination of charge carriers. At this rate, metal chalcogenides have a function of electron or hole acceptors.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Xu Y, Zhang B (2019) Recent advances in electrochemical hydrogen production from water assisted by alternative oxidation reactions. ChemElectroChem 6:3214–3226
Wang M, Chen L, Sun L (2012) Recent progress in electrochemical hydrogen production with earth-abundant metal complexes as catalysts. Energy Environ Sci 5:6763–6778
Chen Z, Wei W, Ni BJ (2021) Cost-effective catalysts for renewable hydrogen production via electrochemical water splitting: recent advances. Curr Opin Green Sustain Chem 27:100398
Mohd Shah NRA et al (2021) Current progress on 3D graphene-based photocatalysts: from synthesis to photocatalytic hydrogen production. Int J Hydrogen Energy 46:9324–9340
Yang Y et al (2021) Recent advances in application of transition metal phosphides for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Chem Eng J 405:126547
Kumaravel V, Mathew S, Bartlett J, Pillai SC (2019) Photocatalytic hydrogen production using metal doped TiO2: a review of recent advances. Appl Catal B Environ 244:1021–1064
Corredor J, Rivero MJ, Rangel CM, Gloaguen F, Ortiz I (2019) Comprehensive review and future perspectives on the photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 94:3049–3063
Sarkar J, Bhattacharyya S (2012) Application of graphene and graphene-based materials in clean energy-related devices Minghui. Arch Thermodyn 33:23–40
Ahmed M, Dincer I (2019) A review on photoelectrochemical hydrogen production systems: challenges and future directions. Int J Hydrogen Energy 44:2474–2507
Aydin MI, Karaca AE, Qureshy AMMI, Dincer I (2021) A comparative review on clean hydrogen production from wastewaters. J Environ Manage 279:111793
Siavash Moakhar R et al (2021) Photoelectrochemical water-splitting using CuO-based electrodes for hydrogen production: a review. Adv Mater 33
Tournet J, Lee Y, Karuturi SK, Tan HH, Jagadish C (2020) III–V Semiconductor materials for solar hydrogen production: status and prospects. ACS Energy Lett 5:611–622
Hisatomi T, Domen K (2019) Reaction systems for solar hydrogen production via water splitting with particulate semiconductor photocatalysts. Nat Catal 2:387–399
Alexander BD, Kulesza PJ, Rutkowska I, Solarska R, Augustynski J (2008) Metal oxide photoanodes for solar hydrogen production. J Mater Chem 18:2298–2303
Liao CH, Huang CW, Wu JCS (2012) Hydrogen production from semiconductor-based photocatalysis via water splitting. Catalysts 2:490–516
Zhang K, Guo L (2013) Metal sulphide semiconductors for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Catal Sci Technol 3:1672–1690
Tahir MB et al (2020) Recent advances on photocatalytic nanomaterials for hydrogen energy evolution in sustainable environment. Int J Environ Analyt Chem 101:2016–2034.https://doi.org/10.1080/03067319.2019.1691188
El Nazer HA, Mohamed YMA (2021) Chalcogenide-based nanomaterials as photocatalysts for water splitting and hydrogen production. Chalcogenide-Based Nanomater Photocatal 173–183 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820498-6.00007-X
Saraswat SK, Rodene DD, Gupta RB (2018) Recent advancements in semiconductor materials for photoelectrochemical water splitting for hydrogen production using visible light. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 89:228–248
Reddy CV et al (2020) Hetero-nanostructured metal oxide-based hybrid photocatalysts for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting—a review. Int J Hydrogen Energy 45:18331–18347
Desai MA, Vyas AN, Saratale GD, Sartale SD (2019) Zinc oxide superstructures: recent synthesis approaches and application for hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting. Int J Hydrogen Energy 44:2091–2127
Altaf CT et al (2020) Highly efficient 3D-ZnO nanosheet photoelectrodes for solar-driven water splitting: chalcogenide nanoparticle sensitization and mathematical modeling. J Alloys Compd 828:154472
Ong CB, Ng LY, Mohammad AW (2018) A review of ZnO nanoparticles as solar photocatalysts: synthesis, mechanisms and applications. Renew Sustain Energy Rev 81:536–551
Zhang X et al (2019) Fabrication of 3-D ZnO/CN nanorods for photo-/electrocatalytic water splitting: an efficient morphology for charge carriers transportation. Int J Hydrogen Energy 44:21821–21836
Sreedhar A, Neelakanta Reddy I, Ta QTH, Namgung G, Noh JS (2019) Plasmonic Ag nanowires sensitized ZnO flake-like structures as a potential photoanode material for enhanced visible light water splitting activity. J Electroanal Chem 832:426–435
Abdullayeva N et al (2019) Investigation of strain effects on photoelectrochemical performance of flexible ZnO electrodes. Sci Rep 9:1–14
Barreca D et al (2017) Vapor phase fabrication of nanoheterostructures based on ZnO for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Adv Mater Interfaces 4:1–9
Desai MA, Vyas AN, Saratale GD, Sartale SD (2019) Zinc oxide superstructures: recent synthesis approaches and application for hydrogen production via photoelectrochemical water splitting. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2091–2127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2018.08.042
Lu X, Liu Z (2017) Efficient all p-type heterojunction photocathodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Dalt Trans 46:7351–7360
Eftekhari A, Babu VJ, Ramakrishna S (2017) Photoelectrode nanomaterials for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42:11078–11109
Fujishima A, Honda K (1972) Electrochemical photolysis of water at a semiconductor electrode. Nature 238(5358):37–38
Lu Q, Yu Y, Ma Q, Chen B, Zhang H (2016) 2D transition-metal-dichalcogenide-nanosheet-based composites for photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions. Adv Mater 28:1917–1933
Qu Y, Duan X (2013) Progress, challenge and perspective of heterogeneous photocatalysts. Chem Soc Rev 42:2568–2580
Ma M et al (2020) Engineering the photoelectrochemical behaviors of ZnO for efficient solar water splitting. J Semicond 41:091702. https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-4926/41/9/091702
Ma S, Xue J, Zhou Y, Zhang Z (2014) Photochemical synthesis of ZnO/Ag2O heterostructures with enhanced ultraviolet and visible photocatalytic activity. J Mater Chem A 2:7272–7280
Rai SC et al (2015) Piezo-phototronic effect enhanced UV/visible photodetector based on fully wide band gap type-II ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanowire array. ACS Nano 9:6419–6427
Chen YC et al (2015) ZnO-graphene composites as practical photocatalysts for gaseous acetaldehyde degradation and electrolytic water oxidation. Appl Catal A Gen 490:1–9
Wang T, Lv R, Zhang P, Li C, Gong J (2015) Au nanoparticle sensitized ZnO nanopencil arrays for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Nanoscale 7:77–81
Shao M, Ning F, Wei M, Evans DG, Duan X (2014) Hierarchical nanowire arrays based on ZnO core-layered double hydroxide shell for largely enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. Adv Funct Mater 24:580–586
Patel PP et al (2015) Nitrogen and cobalt co-doped zinc oxide nanowires—viable photoanodes for hydrogen generation via photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Power Sources 299:11–24
Kargar A et al (2013) ZnO/CuO heterojunction branched nanowires for photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. ACS Nano 7:11112–11120
Kim JK et al (2015) Nano carbon conformal coating strategy for enhanced photoelectrochemical responses and long-term stability of ZnO quantum dots. Nano Energy 13:258–266
Chandrasekaran S, Chung JS, Kim EJ, Hur SH (2016) Exploring complex structural evolution of graphene oxide/ZnO triangles and its impact on photoelectrochemical water splitting. Chem Eng J 290:465–476
Guo CX, Dong Y, Yang HB, Li CM (2013) Graphene quantum dots as a green sensitizer to functionalize ZnO nanowire arrays on F-doped SnO2 glass for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. Adv Energy Mater 3:997–1003
Zong X et al (2013) Activation of photocatalytic water oxidation on N-doped ZnO bundle-like nanoparticles under visible light. J Phys Chem C 117:4937–4942
Barreca D et al (2017) Vapor phase fabrication of nanoheterostructures based on ZnO for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Adv Mater Interfaces 4:1700161
Liu C et al (2017) Electrodeposition of ZnO nanoflake-based photoanode sensitized by carbon quantum dots for photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Ceram Int 43:5329–5333
Li C et al (2015) 3D ZnO/Au/CdS sandwich structured inverse opal as photoelectrochemical anode with improved performance. Adv Mater Interfaces 2. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.201500428
Li Y et al (2012) ZnO/CuInS2 core/shell heterojunction nanoarray for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:15029–15037
Wang M et al (2015) Construction of FeS2-sensitized ZnO@ZnS nanorod arrays with enhanced optical and photoresponse performances. Adv Mater Interfaces 2:1500163
Qiu Y et al (2019) Current progress in developing metal oxide nanoarrays-based photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Sci Bull 64:1348–1380
Tian W et al (2013) Low-cost fully transparent ultraviolet photodetectors based on electrospun ZnO-SnO2 heterojunction nanofibers. Adv Mater 25:4625–4630
Kurnia F, Hart JN (2015) Band-gap control of zinc sulfide: towards an efficient visible-light-sensitive photocatalyst. ChemPhysChem 16:2397–2402
D’Amico P, Calzolari A, Ruini A, Catellani A (2017) New energy with ZnS: novel applications for a standard transparent compound. Sci Rep 7:1–9
Schrier J, Demchenko DO, Wang LW, Alivisatos AP (2007) Optical properties of ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnTe heterostructures for photovoltaic applications. Nano Lett 7:2377–2382
Jiang J, Wang M, Ma L, Chen Q, Guo L (2013) Synthesis of uniform ZnO/ZnS/CdS nanorod films with ion-exchange approach and photoelectrochemical performances. Int J Hydrogen Energy 38:13077–13083
Ye HY et al (2018) Germanene on single-layer ZnSe substrate: Novel electronic and optical properties. Phys Chem Chem Phys 20:16067–16076
Zaari H, Boujnah M, El Hachimi A, Benyoussef A, El Kenz A (2014) Optical properties of ZnTe doped with transition metals (Ti, Cr and Mn). Opt Quantum Electron 46:75–86
Wei SH, Zhang SB, Zunger A (2000) First-principles calculation of band offsets, optical bowings, and defects in CdS, CdSe, CdTe, and their alloys. J Appl Phys 87:1304–1311
Yeon DH, Lee SM, Jo YH, Moon J, Cho YS (2014) Origin of the enhanced photovoltaic characteristics of PbS thin film solar cells processed at near room temperature. J Mater Chem A 2:20112–20117
Miller EM et al (2016) Revisiting the valence and conduction band size dependence of PbS quantum dot thin films. ACS Nano 10:3302–3311
Dolui K, Rungger I, Sanvito S (2013) Origin of the n-type and p-type conductivity of MoS2 monolayers on a SiO2 substrate. Phys Rev B—Condens Matter Mater Phys 87:1–7
Hu Y et al (2015) Large-scale patterned ZnO nanorod arrays for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Appl Surf Sci 339:122–127
Hernández-Gordillo A, Tzompantzi F, Gómez R (2012) An efficient ZnS-UV photocatalysts generated in situ from ZnS(en) 0.5 hybrid during the H 2 production in methanol-water solution. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:17002–17008
Zhang J et al (2013) Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activities of Au-loaded ZnS flowers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 5:1031–1037
Wu A et al (2015) ZnO-dotted porous ZnS cluster microspheres for high efficient, Pt-free photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Sci Rep 5:1–9
Sang HX, Wang XT, Fan CC, Wang F (2012) Enhanced photocatalytic H2 production from glycerol solution over ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanorods prepared by a low temperature route. Int J Hydrogen Energy 37:1348–1355
Wang Z, Cao SW, Loo SCJ, Xue C (2013) Nanoparticle heterojunctions in ZnS-ZnO hybrid nanowires for visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen generation. CrystEngComm 15:5688–5693
Gu X, Zhang S, Zhao Y, Qiang Y (2015) Band alignment of ZnO/ZnS heterojunction prepared through magnetron sputtering and measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Vacuum 122:6–11
Wang L et al (2018) Preparation of ZnO/ZnS thin films for enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of ZnO. Vacuum 148:201–205
Kushwaha A, Aslam M (2014) ZnS shielded ZnO nanowire photoanodes for efficient water splitting. Electrochim Acta 130:222–231
Zhang X et al (2018) ZnO nanosheets with atomically thin ZnS overlayers for photocatalytic water splitting. J Mater Chem A 6:9057–9063
Zhao H et al (2015) Facile preparation of a ZnS/ZnO nanocomposite for robust sunlight photocatalytic H2 evolution from water. RSC Adv 5:6494–6500
Wei C et al (2019) Enhanced photoelectrochemical activities of ZnO nanorod arrays after a modification of ZnS or ZnIn2S4. J Electron Mater 48:7345–7351
Hassan MA et al (2020) Single-step fabrication of 3D hierarchical ZnO/ZnS heterojunction branched nanowires by MOCVD for enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Mater Chem A 8:8300–8312
Liu C et al (2017) Design of core–shell-structured ZnO/ZnS hybridized with graphite-like C3N4 for highly efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Adv Mater Interfaces 4:1–11
Gao X, Wang J, Yu J, Xu H (2015) Novel ZnO-ZnS nanowire arrays with heterostructures and enhanced photocatalytic properties. CrystEngComm 17:6328–6337
Chen HM et al (2011) A new approach to solar hydrogen production: a ZnO-ZnS solid solution nanowire array photoanode. Adv Energy Mater 1:742–747
Piña-Pérez Y et al (2018) Novel ZnS-ZnO composite synthesized by the solvothermal method through the partial sulfidation of ZnO for H2 production without sacrificial agent. Appl Catal B Environ 230:125–134
Sánchez-Tovar R, Fernández-Domene RM, Montañés MT, Sanz-Marco A, Garcia-Antón J (2016) ZnO/ZnS heterostructures for hydrogen production by photoelectrochemical water splitting. RSC Adv 6:30425–30435
Brayek A et al (2018) The structural and the photoelectrochemical properties of ZnO-ZnS/ITO 1D hetero-junctions prepared by tandem electrodeposition and surface sulfidation: on the material processing limits. RSC Adv 8:11785–11798
Cheon SY et al (2017) Sonochemical synthesis of ZnO-ZnS core-shell nanorods for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation. J Am Ceram Soc 100:3825–3834
Hassan MA, Johar MA, Waseem A, Bagal IV, Ha JS, Ryu SW (2019) Type-II ZnO/ZnS core-shell nanowires: earth-abundant photoanode for solar-driven photoelectrochemical water splitting. Optics Express 27:184–196
Kim H, Oh MH, Yang BL (2020) Photocorrosion of polyaniline-ZnS–ZnO photoelectrode for water splitting. Thin Solid Films 693:137678
Liu Y et al (2015) Design of sandwich-structured ZnO/ZnS/Au photoanode for enhanced efficiency of photoelectrochemical water splitting. Nano Res 8:2891–2900
Ma D et al (2019) Au decorated hollow ZnO@ZnS heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution: the insight into the roles of hollow channel and Au nanoparticles. Appl Catal B Environ 244:748–757
Chang CJ, Huang KL, Chen JK, Chu KW, Hsu MH (2015) Improved photocatalytic hydrogen production of ZnO/ZnS based photocatalysts by Ce doping. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 55:82–89
Madhusudan P et al (2019) Nature inspired ZnO/ZnS nanobranch-like composites, decorated with Cu(OH)2 clusters for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Appl Catal B Environ 253:379–390
Sun D et al (2020) CdS/ZnS/ZnO ternary heterostructure nanofibers fabricated by electrospinning for excellent photocatalytic hydrogen evolution without co-catalyst. Chin J Catal 41:1421–1429
Li C, Chen S, Wang Y, Hou Z (2019) ZnO/ZnS heterostructures grown on Zn foil substrate by hydrothermal method for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Int J Hydrogen Energy 44:25416–25427
Zhang R et al (2017) Macroporous ZnO/ZnS/CdS composite spheres as efficient and stable photocatalysts for solar-driven hydrogen generation. J Mater Sci 52:11124–11134
Yu YX, Ouyang WX, Liao ZT, Du BB, Zhang WD (2014) Construction of ZnO/ZnS/CdS/CuInS2 core-shell nanowire arrays via ion exchange: P-n junction photoanode with enhanced photoelectrochemical activity under visible light. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:8467–8474
Liu Z et al (2014) Preparation of cauliflower-like CdS/ZnS/ZnO nanostructure and its photoelectric properties. J Nanoparticle Res 16
Han J et al (2014) Synthesis of metal sulfide sensitized zinc oxide-based core/shell/shell nanorods and their photoelectrochemical properties. J Power Sources 268:388–396
Zhang Y et al (2016) Facile preparation of one dimension ZnO/chalcogenide semiconductor heterostructure for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. J Alloys Compd 685:581–586
Yadian B et al (2017) Metal-sulfide-decorated ZnO/Si nano-heterostructure arrays with enhanced photoelectrochemical performance. Mater Res Bull 96:503–508
Hsu MH, Chang CJ, Weng HT (2016) Efficient H2 production using Ag2S-coupled ZnO@ZnS core-shell nanorods decorated metal wire mesh as an immobilized hierarchical photocatalyst. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 4:1381–1391
Ranjith KS et al (2020) Promotional effect of Cu 2 S-ZnS nanograins as a shell layer on ZnO nanorod arrays for boosting visible light photocatalytic H 2 evolution. J Phys Chem C 124:3610–3620
Zhou J et al (2018) Cellular heterojunctions fabricated through the sulfurization of MOFs onto ZnO for high-efficient photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Appl Catal B Environ 226:421–428
Wu LP, Zhang YL, Long LZ, Cen CP, Li XJ (2014) Effect of ZnS buffer layers in ZnO/ZnS/CdS nanorod array photoelectrode on the photoelectrochemical performance. RSC Adv 4:20716–20721
Chang CJ, Lin YG, Weng HT, Wei YH (2018) Photocatalytic hydrogen production from glycerol solution at room temperature by ZnO-ZnS/graphene photocatalysts. Appl Surf Sci 451:198–206
Castañeda C, Tzompantzi F, Rodríguez-Rodríguez A, Sánchez-Dominguez M, Gómez R (2018) Improved photocatalytic hydrogen production from methanol/water solution using CuO supported on fluorinated TiO2. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 93:1113–1120
Zhang Q, Li H, Ma Y, Zhai T (2016) ZnSe nanostructures: synthesis, properties and applications. Prog Mater Sci 83:472–535
Thirumavalavan S, Mani K, Sagadevan S (2016) A study of structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of Zinc Selenide (ZnSe) thin film. Mater Today Proc 3:2305–2314
Chen Y, Wang L, Wang W, Cao M (2017) Synthesis of Se-doped ZnO nanoplates with enhanced photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic properties. Mater Chem Phys 199:416–423
Huang HC, Yang CL, Wang MS, Ma XG (2018) Optical absorption enhancement of Hg-doped ZnX (X= S, Se) for hydrogen production from water splitting driven by solar energy. Vacuum 157:36–44
Gu Y et al (2019) Inverted ZnSe/CdSe core-shell nanobelts with type-I behavior: preparation, photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic performances. CrystEngComm 21:5482–5491
Kuehnel MF et al (2019) ZnSe nanorods as visible-light absorbers for photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical H 2 evolution in water. Angew Chemie 131:5113–5117
Ren C et al (2020) ZnSe nanoparticles with bulk WC as cocatalyst: a novel and noble-metal-free heterojunction photocatalyst for enhancing photocatalytic hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation. Appl Mater Today 20:100731
Tian P et al (2020) High photocatalytic and photoelectrochemical performance of a novel 0D/2D heterojunction photocatalyst constructed by ZnSe nanoparticles and MoSe2 nanoflowers. Ceram Int 46:13651–13659
Liu S et al (2016) ZnSe sensitized and Co-Pi catalyzed TiO 2 nanowire array photoanode for solar-driven water splitting. J Electrochem Soc 163:H744–H749
Sun C, Gu Y, Wen W, Zhao L (2018) ZnSe based semiconductor core-shell structures: from preparation to application. Opt Mater (Amst) 81:12–22
Wang W et al (2015) Ultrawide photoresponse in ZnO/ZnSe coaxial nanowires with a threshold of 0.8 eV. Int J Hydrogen Energy 40:10788–10794
Zhang J et al (2020) Excellent photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution performance of FeSe2 nanorod/ZnSe 0D/1D heterostructure as efficiency carriers migrate channel. Int J Hydrogen Energy 45:8526–8539
Hewa-Kasakarage NN et al (2009) Radiative recombination of spatially extended excitons in (ZnSe/CdS)/CdS heterostructured nanorods. J Am Chem Soc 131:1328–1334
Hewa-Kasakarage NN et al (2010) Ultrafast carrier dynamics in type II ZnSe/CdS/ZnSe nanobarbells. ACS Nano 4:1837–1844
Verma S, Kaniyankandy S, Ghosh HN (2013) Charge separation by indirect bandgap transitions in CdS/ZnSe type-II core/shell quantum dots. J Phys Chem C 117:10901–10908
Zhang Y et al (2012) ZnO/ZnSe type II core-shell nanowire array solar cell. Sol Energy Mater Sol Cells 102:15–18
Ghoul M et al (2015) Synthesis of core/shell ZnO/ZnSe nanowires using novel low cost two-steps electrochemical deposition technique. J Alloys Compd 647:660–664
Kozytskiy AV, Stroyuk OL, Kuchmiy SY (2014) Inorganic photoelectrochemical solar cells based on nanocrystalline ZnO/ZnSe and ZnO/CuSe heterostructures. Catal Today 230:227–233
Cho S et al (2011) Three-dimensional type II ZnO/ZnSe heterostructures and their visible light photocatalytic activities. Langmuir 27:10243–10250
Cho S et al (2011) Solution-based fabrication of ZnO/ZnSe heterostructure nanowire arrays for solar energy conversion. J Mater Chem 21:17816–17822
Wang L, Tian G, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Fu H (2016) In situ formation of a ZnO/ZnSe nanonail array as a photoelectrode for enhanced photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance. Nanoscale 8:9366–9375
Hong T et al (2015) Preparation and enhanced photoelectrochemical performance of selenite-sensitized zinc oxide core/shell composite structure. J Mater Chem A 3:4239–4247
Ouyang WX, Yu YX, Zhang WD (2015) High and stable photoelectrochemical activity of ZnO/ZnSe/CdSe/CuxS core-shell nanowire arrays: nanoporous surface with CuxS as a hole mediator. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17:14827–14835
Chen Y, Wang L, Wang W, Cao M (2017) Enhanced photoelectrochemical properties of ZnO/ZnSe/CdSe/Cu2-xSe core–shell nanowire arrays fabricated by ion-replacement method. Appl Catal B Environ 209:110–117
Zeng Y et al (2019) ZnxCd1-xSe nanoparticles decorated ordered mesoporous ZnO inverse opal with binder-free heterojunction interfaces for highly efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Appl Catal B Environ 245:469–476
Li C et al (2020) Enhanced photoelectrochemical performance based on conformal and uniform ZnO/ZnSe/CdSe heterostructures on Zn foil substrate. Int J Hydrogen Energy 45:8257–8272
Xu H et al (2014) ZnSe/CdS/CdSe triple-sensitized ZnO nanowire arrays for multi-bandgap photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation. RSC Adv 4:47429–47435
Zhang L et al (2017) Scalable low-band-gap Sb2Se3 thin-film photocathodes for efficient visible-near-infrared solar hydrogen evolution. ACS Nano 11:12753–12763
Xiong X, Forster M, Major JD, Xu Y, Cowan AJ (2017) Time-resolved spectroscopy of ZnTe photocathodes for solar fuel production. J Phys Chem C 121:22073–22080
Jang YJ, Lee J, Lee J, Lee JS (2016) Solar hydrogen production from zinc telluride photocathode modified with carbon and molybdenum sulfide. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:7748–7755
Zhan X et al (2014) Composition-tuned ZnO/ZnxCd1-xTe core/shell nanowires array with broad spectral absorption from UV to NIR for hydrogen generation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:2878–2883
Xu F et al (2012) Synthesis of ZnO/CdS hierarchical heterostructure with enhanced photocatalytic efficiency under nature sunlight. CrystEngComm 14:3615–3622
Kundu P, Deshpande PA, Madras G, Ravishankar N (2011) Nanoscale ZnO/CdS heterostructures with engineered interfaces for high photocatalytic activity under solar radiation. J Mater Chem 21:4209–4216
Ding M et al (2016) ZnO@CdS core-shell heterostructures: fabrication, enhanced photocatalytic, and photoelectrochemical performance. Nanoscale Res Lett 11:205
Xu S et al (2020) Construction of ZnO/CdS three-dimensional hierarchical photoelectrode for improved photoelectrochemical performance. Renew Energy 153:241–248
Ma D et al (2017) Highly efficient photocatalyst based on a CdS quantum dots/ZnO nanosheets 0D/2D heterojunction for hydrogen evolution from water splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 9:25377–25386
Lin CJ, Kao LC, Huang Y, Bañares MA, Liou SYH (2015) Uniform deposition of coupled CdS and CdSe quantum dots on ZnO nanorod arrays as electrodes for photoelectrochemical solar water splitting. Int J Hydrogen Energy 40:1388–1393
Zhao H et al (2015) Light-assisted preparation of a ZnO/CdS nanocomposite for enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution: an insight into importance of in situ generated ZnS. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 3:969–977
Kim YG, Jo WK (2017) Photodeposited-metal/CdS/ZnO heterostructures for solar photocatalytic hydrogen production under different conditions. Int J Hydrogen Energy 42:11356–11363
Chen W et al (2018) CdCl2-assisting heat-treatment: enhanced photoelectrocatalytic hydrogen generation and stability of CdS/ZnO nanoheterojunction arrays. Int J Hydrogen Energy 43:9969–9977
Bak D, Kim JH (2017) Facile fabrication of pseudo-microspherical ZnO/CdS core-shell photocatalysts for solar hydrogen production by water splitting. Ceram Int 43:13493–13499
Myung Y et al (2010) Composition-tuned ZnO-CdSSe core-shell nanowire arrays. ACS Nano 4:3789–3800
Chen J et al (2018) Fabricating sandwich-shelled ZnCdS/ZnO/ZnCdS dodecahedral cages with “one stone” as Z-scheme photocatalysts for highly efficient hydrogen production. J. Mater. Chem. A 6:19631–19642
Wang R et al (2019) ZnO/CdS/PbS nanotube arrays with multi-heterojunctions for efficient visible-light-driven photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution. Chem Eng J 362:658–666
Su RR, Yu YX, Xiao YH, Yang XF, Zhang WD (2018) Earth abundant ZnO/CdS/CuSbS2 core-shell nanowire arrays as highly efficient photoanode for hydrogen evolution. Int J Hydrogen Energy 43:6040–6048
Ye YQ et al (2019) 3D cross-linked BiOI decorated ZnO/CdS nanorod arrays: a cost-effective hydrogen evolution photoanode with high photoelectrocatalytic activity. Int J Hydrogen Energy 44:21865–21872
Liu ZQ et al (2013) Electrochemical synthesis of ZnO/CdTe core-shell nanotube arrays for enhanced photoelectrochemical properties. Electrochim Acta 98:268–273
Wang L et al (2019) Conductive polymer nanolayer modified one-dimensional ZnO/CdSe photoanode with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties by in-situ ions exchange method. Chem Eng J 368:710–718
Hou J et al (2016) High performance of Mn-doped CdSe quantum dot sensitized solar cells based on the vertical ZnO nanorod arrays. J Power Sources 325:438–445
Chen HM et al (2010) Quantum dot monolayer sensitized ZnO nanowire-array photoelectrodes: true efficiency for water splitting. Angew Chemie 122:6102–6105
Wang X et al (2010) Aligned ZnO/CdTe core−shell nanocable arrays on indium tin oxide: synthesis and photoelectrochemical properties. ACS nano 4:3302–3308
Holi AM et al (2018) Effect of heat treatment on photoelectrochemical performance of hydrothermally synthesised Ag2S/ZnO nanorods arrays. Chem Phys Lett 710:100–107
Shao YB, Wang LH, Huang JH (2016) ZnS/CuS nanotubes for visible light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen generation. RSC Adv 6:84493–84499
Yang X et al (2014) Synthesis of porous ZnS:Ag2S nanosheets by ion exchange for photocatalytic H2 generation. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 6:9078–9084
Li Y et al (2011) MoS2 nanoparticles grown on graphene: an advanced catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction. J Am Chem Soc 133:7296–7299
Paquin F, Rivnay J, Salleo A, Stingelin N, Silva C (2015) Significant enhancement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water by MoS2 nanosheet-coated ZnO heterostructure photocatalyst. Dalt Trans 44:10715–10722
Guo S, Li X, Zhu J, Tong T, Wei B (2016) Au NPs@MoS2 sub-micrometer sphere-ZnO nanorod hybrid structures for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution with excellent stability. Small 12:5692–5701
Lamouchi A, Assaker IB, Chtourou R (2019) Enhanced photoelectrochemical activity of MoS 2 -decorated ZnO nanowires electrodeposited onto stainless steel mesh for hydrogen production. Appl Surf Sci 478:937–945
Kumar S et al (2019) Defect-rich MoS2 ultrathin nanosheets-coated nitrogen-doped ZnO nanorod heterostructures: an insight into in-situ-generated ZnS for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. ACS Appl Energy Mater 2:5622–5634
Sharma MD, Mahala C, Basu M (2020) Sensitization of vertically grown ZnO 2D thin sheets by MoSx for efficient charge separation process towards photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction. Int J Hydrogen Energy 45:12272–12282
Kumar S et al (2017) Efficient electron transfer across a ZnO–MoS2–reduced graphene oxide heterojunction for enhanced sunlight-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution. Chemsuschem 10:3588–3603
Li X, Li J, Cui C, Liu Z, Niu Y (2016) PbS nanoparticle sensitized ZnO nanowire arrays to enhance photocurrent for water splitting. J Phys Chem C 120:4183–4188
Kumar D, Bai R, Chaudhary S, Pandya DK (2017) Enhanced photoelectrochemical response for hydrogen generation in self-assembled aligned ZnO/PbS core/shell nanorod arrays grown by chemical bath deposition. Mater Today Energy 6:105–114
Guo K, Chen X, Han J, Liu Z (2014) Synthesis of ZnO/Cu2S core/shell nanorods and their enhanced photoelectric performance. J Sol-Gel Sci Technol 72:92–99
Kumar S et al (2016) Fabrication of TiO2/CdS/Ag2S Nano-heterostructured photoanode for enhancing photoelectrochemical and photocatalytic activity under visible light. ChemistrySelect 1:4891–4900
Chen C et al (2016) Enhanced visible light photocatalytic performance of ZnO nanowires integrated with CdS and Ag2S. Dalt. Trans. 45:3750–3758
Carrasco-Jaim OA, Ceballos-Sanchez O, Torres-Martínez LM, Moctezuma E, Gómez-Solís C (2017) Synthesis and characterization of PbS/ZnO thin film for photocatalytic hydrogen production. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 347:98–104
Yendrapati TP, Gautam A, Bojja S, Pal U (2020) Formation of ZnO@CuS nanorods for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation. Sol Energy 196:540–548
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Isaev, A.B., Shabanov, N.S., Sobola, D., Kaviyarasu, K., Ismailov, A.M., Omarov, G.M. (2022). ZnO/Chalcogenides Semiconductor Heterostructures for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting. In: Kasinathan, K., Elshikh, M.S., Al Farraj, D.AA. (eds) Nanomaterials for Energy Conversion, Biomedical and Environmental Applications. Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2639-6_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2639-6_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-19-2638-9
Online ISBN: 978-981-19-2639-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)