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Anaerobic Digestate: A Sustainable Source of Bio-fertilizer

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Sustainable Intensification for Agroecosystem Services and Management

Abstract

Intensive use of inorganic fertilizers has provoked risk to the well-being of humans and their surroundings including high cost, high carbon (C) footprint, giving rise to eutrophication, pollution caused by nitrate, low microbial activity in the soil, and losing the soil organic C. Moreover, bulk of the nitrogen (N) fixation is responsible for 1–2% of the world’s entire energy utilization and 3–5% of the earth’s natural gas expenditure. Bio-fertilizers, the substitute for synthetic fertilizers, are natural, decomposable, organic, and cost-efficient in contrast to the synthetic fertilizers and have the extensive potential for enhancing global food safety by elevating crop production and fertility of the soil. Bio-fertilizers comprise plant remnants, C-based matter, and several particular types of microorganisms. Anaerobic digestion of organic wastes yields two key products, i.e., biogas and digestate. The biogas is utilized to generate power and heat, while the digestate is valorized in sustainable farming as a bio-fertilizer and soil enhancement. Substituting synthetic fertilizers with digestate diminishes the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions linked with fertilizer production, saves energy, and facilitates recirculation of plant minerals. Replacing 1 ton of synthetic fertilizer with digestate preserves approximately 108 tons of water and GHG emission of 4 tons CO2-eq. Digestates have positive impacts on the physical, chemical, and biological features of the soil by introducing microbial biomass, sustaining the rhizosphere’s ecology, increasing the yield of plants, supplying excessive amounts of soluble nutrients (NPK), and discharging plant growth-modulating compounds. The effect on the yield may be analogous or greater than synthetic fertilizers and animal manure. The amount of digestate produced is dependent upon the quantity and chemical composition of organic waste used for anaerobic digestion. The digestate manufactured can be both incorporated directly and additionally developed by several treatment practices leading to the production of marketable bio-fertilizers. Moreover, digestate processing minimizes storage and conveyance expenses. The current chapter deals with the constructive and versatile character of anaerobic digestates concerning the soil sustainability and plant development and its role in safeguarding the environment as sustainable and economical input for the agriculture sector.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Anaerobic digestion

C:

Carbon

Ca:

Calcium

CH4:

Methane

CO2:

Carbon dioxide

GHG:

Greenhouse gas

H2:

Hydrogen

HM:

Heavy metals

HRT:

Hydraulic retention time

K:

Potassium

Mg:

Magnesium

MGRT:

Minimum guaranteed retention time

N:

Nitrogen

NH3:

Ammonia

NH4+:

Ammonium

N2O:

Nitrous oxide

NO3−:

Nitrate

P:

Phosphorus

POP:

Persistent organic pollutant

S:

Sulfur

VFAs:

Volatile fatty acids

UK:

United Kingdom

US:

United States

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sustainable Bioenergy and Biorefinery Lab, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Sedrah Akbar, Safia Ahmed, Samiullah Khan & Malik Badshah

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  1. Sedrah Akbar
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  2. Safia Ahmed
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  3. Samiullah Khan
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  4. Malik Badshah
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Correspondence to Malik Badshah .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Farm Forestry, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Manoj Kumar Jhariya

  2. Department of Environmental Science, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chhattisgarh, India

    Arnab Banerjee

  3. Department of Agronomy, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  4. ICAR-Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Regional Station, Phanda, Bhopal, India

    Sandeep Kumar

  5. School of Agriculture, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India

    Abhishek Raj

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Akbar, S., Ahmed, S., Khan, S., Badshah, M. (2021). Anaerobic Digestate: A Sustainable Source of Bio-fertilizer. In: Jhariya, M.K., Banerjee, A., Meena, R.S., Kumar, S., Raj, A. (eds) Sustainable Intensification for Agroecosystem Services and Management . Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3207-5_15

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