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Development of Environmental Nanosensors for Detection Monitoring and Assessment

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New Frontiers of Nanomaterials in Environmental Science

Abstract

Regular detection, monitoring and assessment of the environmental samples is extremely essential for checking the levels of environmental contaminants, evaluation of the effects due to their presence in the environment and taking suitable measures for the maintenance of essential environmental resources. With the advancement of nanotechnology, extensive research work has been focussed on utilizing the unique chemical and physical properties of nanostructures and nanomaterials for the development of nanosensors. These nanosensors have great advantage over the conventional sensors due to their better interaction with nanoscale analytes, high sensitivity, selectivity, portability, fast response and ease of operation. Nanosensors have huge and important applications in almost all areas of our lives like daily use gadgets, industries, environmental detection, medical, defence and security, agriculture, food processing, etc. Nanosensors have significant use for detection and monitoring of environmental samples. For environmental applications, nanosensors can be categorized based on the nanomaterials used as the sensing material, transduction principle, application for different samples (air, soil and water) and sensors for various analytes. The combination of nanotechnology and biotechnology has resulted in the development of more selective and efficient nanobiosensors. Nanosensors are mainly based on optical, electrochemical, mechanical and magnetic transduction principles. A large variety of sensor materials for nanosensor fabrication such as, metal-based, metal-oxide-based, carbon-based, and polymer-based nanomaterials have been developed. These nanosensors have been used for the detection of various analytes like pathogens, toxic gases, organic chemicals, heavy metals and pesticides from the environmental samples. Besides detection of single analytes, nanotechnology can be applied to develop devices like multianalyte nanosensor arrays, which can be designed for simultaneous detection of multiple analytes. In this work, we have discussed various types of nanosensors based on the nanomaterials and transduction principle for detection, monitoring and assessment of different harmful environmental contaminants. Limitations of these nanosensors challenging their practical and potential applications have also been discussed in this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Urmila Chakraborty, Gurpreet Kaur & Ganga Ram Chaudhary

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  1. Urmila Chakraborty
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  2. Gurpreet Kaur
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  3. Ganga Ram Chaudhary
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Correspondence to Ganga Ram Chaudhary .

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  1. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Rajeev Kumar

  2. Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Ambala, Haryana, India

    Raman Kumar

  3. Department of Chemistry and Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, Haryana, India

    Gurpreet Kaur

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Chakraborty, U., Kaur, G., Chaudhary, G.R. (2021). Development of Environmental Nanosensors for Detection Monitoring and Assessment. In: Kumar, R., Kumar, R., Kaur, G. (eds) New Frontiers of Nanomaterials in Environmental Science. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9239-3_5

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