Abstract
In this paper, we have proposed a watermarking system that is based on the spatial domain and is blind and robust in nature. This scheme is developed to withstand most of the image processing attacks. The watermark has been embedded in the cover image by modification of the DC coefficients calculated in the spatial domain. This method directly calculates DC coefficients in the spatial domain. The values of pixels can be changed/modified in the spatial domain in accordance with available watermark information. Since we have avoided the time-consuming transform operation, i.e., Discrete Cosine Transform, the computational efficiency is very high. For embedding a watermark bit, a particular image is disintegrated into 8 × 8 blocks, followed by further division of each block into two 4 × 4 blocks. After calculation of the DC coefficient of each 4 × 4 block, the watermark bit is embedded by modifying the DC values such that the DC coefficient of one block becomes greater than the other. The output results prove our proposed technique is highly robust to commonly occurring signal processing attacks. Experimental results obtained against numerous signal processing attacks are represented in terms of quality measuring parameters like PSNR, SSIM, and BER to check the efficiency and execution of our scheme.
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Qureshi, I., Parah, S.A., Lone, N.A., Hurrah, N., Qureshi, G.J. (2021). Realization of a Robust Watermarking System in Spatial Domain. In: Singh, P.K., Singh, Y., Kolekar, M.H., Kar, A.K., Chhabra, J.K., Sen, A. (eds) Recent Innovations in Computing. ICRIC 2020. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, vol 701. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8297-4_30
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