Abstract
This work is aimed to study the viability of waste transformer oil (WTO) as grease’s base oil. The shift of lubricant formulation towards high-performance materials and green formulation has led to the development of various lubricant formulations, including grease. Waste reduction is one of the formulation research trends where waste-based material, i.e. waste oil generated from automotive industries, is used as one of the grease constituents, and the grease’s characteristics and performances are evaluated and compared to the conventional grease. Variability of waste oil composition, a mixture of conventional and synthetic oil, has led to inconsistent grease properties and performances. This issue, however, is uncommon in power industry-generated waste oil and becomes a potential alternative to replace the waste oil from automotive industries, thus creating this opportunity. It was found that, after conducting WTO analysis, incorporating WTO in grease formulation and evaluating the WTO-based grease characteristic, the WTO is viable to be used as grease base oil.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abdulbari, H. A., & Zuhan, N. (2018). Grease formulation from palm oil industry wastes. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 9, 2447–2457.
Abdulbari, H. A., Abid, R. T., & Mohammad, A. H. A. (2008). Fume Silica Base Grease. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 8, 687–691.
Aja, O. C., Al-Kayiem, H. H., Zewge, M. G., & Joo, M. S. (2016). Overview of hazardous waste management status in Malaysia. In H. E.-D. M. Saleh, & R. O. A. Rahman (Eds.), Management of hazardous wastes. Rijeka: InTech.
ASTM D2266-01. (2015). Standard test method for wear preventive characteristics of lubricating grease (four-ball method).
ASTM D4048-16e1. (2016). Standard test method for detection of copper corrosion from lubricating grease.
ASTM D130-18. (2018). Standard test method for corrosiveness to copper from petroleum products by copper strip test.
ASTM D4172-18. (2018). Standard test method for wear preventive characteristics of lubricating fluid (four-ball method).
Bots, S. (2014). Best methods for analyzing grease. Machinery Lubrication.
Donley, E. (2012) Handbook of advances in additive lubricants and grease technology (Auris Reference).
Ebisike, K., Daniel, B., Anakaa, M., Kefas, H., & Olusunle, S. (2016). Effect of sodium hydroxide thickener on grease production. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 13, 1–8.
Gonçalves, D., Graça, B., Campos, A. V., Seabra, J., Leckner, J., & Westbroek, R. (2015). Formulation, rheology and thermal ageing of polymer greases—Part I: Influence of the thickener content. Tribology International, 87, 160–170.
Gresham, R. M. (2018). Short-term formulation trends. Tribology & Lubrication Technology, 74, 24–25.
Hassan, A. M., Youssif, M. A., Mazrouaa, A. M., Shahba, R. M. A., & Youssif, M. A. E. (2013). Preparation of dielectric greases from some inorganic thickeners. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 1, 9–16.
Hassan, M., Syahrullail, S., & Ani, F. N. (2016). The tribological characteristics of the cactus and mineral oil. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), 78, 33–83.
Hazardous Substance Division. (2010). Guidelines on standard and specification of recovered waste oil in Malaysia. Putrajaya, Malaysia: Department of Environment Malaysia.
Iheme, C., Offurum, J. C., & Chukwuma, F. O. (2014). Production and blending of sodium based water-resistant lubricating greases from petroleum and petrochemical by-products. American Journal of Computer Science and Engineering Survey, 2, 70–78.
Kholijah, A. M. S., Yeung, S. L. C., Sazwani, S., & Yunus, R. M. (2012). Production of high temperature grease from waste lubricant sludge and silicone oil. Journal of Applied Chemistry, 12, 1171–1175.
Lugt, P. M. (2013a). Grease qualification testing. Grease lubrication in rolling bearings (pp. 346–347). West Sussex, UK: Wiley.
Lugt, P. M. (2013b). Condition monitoring and maintenance. Grease lubrication in rolling bearings (pp. 283–337). West Sussex, UK: Wiley.
Mohta, V., & Chaware, K. D. (2015). Preparation of alternative fuel from waste transformer oil and studying performance characteristics on diesel engine for different blends. International Journal of Science and Research, 4, 103–107.
Nabi, M. N., Akhter, M. S., & Rahman, M. A. (2013). Waste transformer oil as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Procedia Engineering, 56, 401–406.
Noria Corporation. (2002). High-temperature grease guide. Machinery Lubrication.
Nye Lubricants. (2016). Learn more about copper corrosion testing. Nye Lubricants.
Rawat, S. S., Harsha, A. P., & Deepak, A. P. (2018). Tribological performance of paraffin grease with silica nanoparticles as an additive. Applied Nanoscience, 9, 305–315.
Razali, M. N., Aziz, M. A. A., Hamdan, W. N. A. W. M., Salehan, N. A. M., & Rosli, M. Y. (2017). Synthesis of grease from waste oils and red gypsum. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 11, 154–159.
Rizvi, S. Q. A. (2008). A comprehensive review of lubricant chemistry, technology, selection, and design. West Conshohocken, PA: ASTM International.
Zuan, A. M. S., Syahrullail, S., Yahya, W. J., Shafiq, M. N., & Fawwaz, Y. M. (2017). Tribological properties of potential bio-based lubricants from RBD palm stearin and palm fatty acid distillate. Jurnal Teknologi (Sciences and Engineering), 79, 21–26.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
A. Japar, N.S., Abd Aziz, M.A., Abdu Rahman, N.W. (2020). Conversion of Waste Transformer Oil into Grease. In: Yaser, A. (eds) Advances in Waste Processing Technology. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4821-5_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4821-5_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Singapore
Print ISBN: 978-981-15-4820-8
Online ISBN: 978-981-15-4821-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)