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Marine Shells from Tor Fawaz, Southern Jordan, and Their Implications for Behavioral Changes from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant

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Learning Among Neanderthals and Palaeolithic Modern Humans

Part of the book series: Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series ((RNMH))

Abstract

Marine shells from archaeological sites have been widely studied as records of food resources, symbolic objects, and remote resources. The latter aspect can provide evidence about mobility patterns or social networks, which are among key aspects in human behavioral evolution and factors related to intergroup relationship and cultural transmissions. This paper reports marine shells newly recovered at Tor Fawaz, a rock-shelter site in southwest Jordan, and examines their chrono-cultural context by using radiocarbon dates of the shells and analyzing techno-typological characteristics of associated lithic artifacts. The identification of three taxa, Conus sp. or Conomurex sp., Naria sp., and Pecten sp. cf. jacobaeus, indicates transport of marine shells to Tor Fawaz from the Red Sea (55 km away) and possibly the Mediterranean (185 km away). We discuss the shell transport from a viewpoint of resource procurement and suggest a slight range expansion in procurement strategies from the late MP to the IUP in the study area. Whether this range expansion was realized by changes in mobility or intergroup interactions, it probably worked as a means for risk mitigation in the marginal environments and had possible relevance to cultural transmission in the IUP.

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Acknowledgments

This research derives from a joint project, entitled “Cultural history of PaleoAsia: Integrative research on the formative processes of modern human cultures in Asia,” directed by Prof. Yoshihiro Nishiaki (The University of Tokyo) and funded by The Mitsubishi Foundation (Grant No. 30205) and the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Grant No. 1802 for FY2016–2020) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology, Japan. We are grateful for a permission of fieldwork and generous supports from Prof. Monther Jamhawi (Director General), Aktham Oweidi, Sate Massadeh, and other staff members of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan. We also thank Manal Basiony and other members of the Aqaba Antiquities. The fieldwork at Tor Fawaz was accomplished by diligent work by crew members, particularly Masato Hirose, and local communities in the Humeima area. The figures of lithics and shells in this paper were created with assistance from Ayami Watanabe.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nagoya University Museum, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Seiji Kadowaki

  2. Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Chiba, Japan

    Taiji Kurozumi

  3. Department of Anthropology, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA

    Donald O. Henry

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  1. Seiji Kadowaki
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  2. Taiji Kurozumi
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  3. Donald O. Henry
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Correspondence to Seiji Kadowaki .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Yoshihiro Nishiaki

  2. MONREPOS Archaeological Research Center and Museum for Human Behavioural Evolution, Schloss Monrepos, Neuwied, Germany

    Olaf Jöris

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Kadowaki, S., Kurozumi, T., Henry, D.O. (2019). Marine Shells from Tor Fawaz, Southern Jordan, and Their Implications for Behavioral Changes from the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic in the Levant. In: Nishiaki, Y., Jöris, O. (eds) Learning Among Neanderthals and Palaeolithic Modern Humans. Replacement of Neanderthals by Modern Humans Series. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-8980-1_11

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