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Cellular and Ionic Mechanisms of Arterial Vasomotion

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Smooth Muscle Spontaneous Activity

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1124))

Abstract

Rhythmical contractility of blood vessels was first observed in bat wing veins by Jones (Philos Trans R Soc Lond 1852:142, 131–136), and subsequently described in arteries and arterioles of multiple vascular beds in several species. Despite an abundance of descriptive literature regarding the presence of vasomotion, to date we do not have an accurate picture of the cellular and ionic basis of these oscillations in tone, or the physiological relevance of the changes in pulsatile blood flow arising from vasomotion. This chapter reviews our current understanding of the cellular and ionic mechanisms underlying vasomotion in resistance arteries and arterioles. Focus is directed to the ion channels, changes in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration, and involvement of intercellular gap junctions in the development and synchronization of rhythmic changes in membrane potential and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration within the vessel wall that contribute to vasomotion. The physiological consequences of vasomotion are discussed with a focus on the cerebral vasculature, as recent advances show that rhythmic oscillations in cerebral arteriolar diameter appear to be entrained by cortical neural activity to increase the local supply of blood flow to active regions of the brain.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Drs. HL Zhu and XZ Zhong for the original recordings of vasomotion presented in Fig. 12.1. The work is supported by a research operating grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-155963).

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Correspondence to William C. Cole .

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Cole, W.C., Gordon, G.R., Braun, A.P. (2019). Cellular and Ionic Mechanisms of Arterial Vasomotion. In: Hashitani, H., Lang, R. (eds) Smooth Muscle Spontaneous Activity. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1124. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5895-1_12

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