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Microbe Relationships with Phytoplasmas in Plants and Insects

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Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II

Abstract

The hosts of phytoplasmas, i.e. plants and insect vectors, are inhabited by diverse microorganisms having interactions spanning from mutualism to parasitism. When the pathogens colonize a host, they may thus be exposed to diverse interactions with complex microbial communities. These relations are still poorly recognized for phytoplasmas, even though many beneficial or harmful interactions have been described for other plant pathogens. The knowledge on traits of microbial relations involving phytoplasmas in insects and plants is regarded as a valuable tool for designing new control methods against the diseases associated with these pathogens, by displaying direct antagonistic activities, altering the vector fitness or competence for transmission, or promoting plant immune response or growth. In insect vectors, which mainly host bacterial associates, with few yeast-like symbionts, direct interactions with phytoplasmas were described for bacteria of the genera Frauteria in Hyalesthes obsoletus and Asaia in Euscelidius variegatus. In plants, the most studied systems are grapevine, apple and coconut palm, along with model organisms such as Catharanthus roseus and in vitro micropropagated plants. Here, many bacteria, mainly of the genera Pseudomonas, Burkholderia and Paenibacillus, as well as the fungal endophyte Epicoccum nigrum, were shown to inhibit phytoplasma growth and related symptoms in the plant hosts. Overall, the recent advances concerning the knowledge on microbial symbioses in phytoplasma plant and insect hosts can consistently support future research regarding the phytoplasma infection process, and eventually drive new control strategies against phytoplasma-associated diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari (DISAFA), Entomology unit, University of Torino, Turin, Italy

    Elena Gonella

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze Agroalimentari, Ambientali e Animali (DI4A), University of Udine, Udine, Italy

    Rita Musetti & Marta Martini

  3. Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l’Ambiente (DeFENS), University of Milano, Milan, Italy

    Elena Crotti

  4. Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali (DISAA), University of Milano, Milan, Italy

    Paola Casati

  5. Newe Ya’ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay, Israel

    Einat Zchori-Fein

Authors
  1. Elena Gonella
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  2. Rita Musetti
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  3. Elena Crotti
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  4. Marta Martini
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  6. Einat Zchori-Fein
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Correspondence to Elena Gonella .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum – University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy

    Assunta Bertaccini

  2. Department of Entomology, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev, Israel

    Phyllis G Weintraub

  3. Division of Plant Pathology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India

    Govind Pratap Rao

  4. Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, Padova, Italy

    Nicola Mori

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Gonella, E., Musetti, R., Crotti, E., Martini, M., Casati, P., Zchori-Fein, E. (2019). Microbe Relationships with Phytoplasmas in Plants and Insects. In: Bertaccini, A., Weintraub, P., Rao, G., Mori, N. (eds) Phytoplasmas: Plant Pathogenic Bacteria - II. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2832-9_10

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