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Role of Soil Phosphorus on Legume Production

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Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management

Abstract

Legumes play a significant role in sustainable agriculture through their ability to improve soil fertility and health. Legumes, with a mutual symbiotic relationship with some bacteria in soil, can improve nitrogen (N) amount through biological N-fixation (BNF). But to maximize such functions, legumes need more phosphorus (P) as it is required for energy transformation in nodules. Besides, P also plays a significant role to root development, nutrient uptake, and growth of legume crops. But most of the agricultural soils have inadequate amounts of P to support efficient BNF as it exists in stable chemical compounds which are least available to plants. The deficiency of P causes significant yield reduction in leguminous crops. The mineral P sources are nonrenewable, unlike N. So there is a need to enhance P use efficiency (PUE) for better legume productivity and soil sustainability. Improving the PUE of applied fertilizer requires enhanced P acquisition from the soils by crops for growth and development. It is necessary to better exploit soil P resources through increasing labile soil P using leguminous crops in a rotation cycle. Moreover, incorporation of legumes in cropping system with better P management under P-deficient conditions could be a promising tool for improving legume productivity. Endowed with inherent potential PUE, deep root system, root exudate-mediated P-solubilization, and nutrient-rich residues, legumes can improve soil fertility and enhance the soil profile and efficient nutrient cycling. The data obtained from various research studies show that agriculturally important legumes can fix 40–60 million metric tons of N annually. In view of this importance of P, this chapter emphasizes on the PUE and its role in legume production for food security programs, soil sustainability, and management.

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Abbreviations

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

BNF:

Biological nitrogen fixation

INM:

Integrated nutrient management

MAP:

Monoammonium phosphate

N:

Nitrogen

OM:

Organic matter

P:

Phosphorus

PSB:

Phosphorus solubilizing bacteria

PUE:

Phosphorus use efficiency

SIFS:

Sustainable integrated farming systems

SOM:

Soil organic matter

SOP:

Soluble organic phosphorus

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Acknowledgment

The first author is greatly thankful to Science and Engineering Research Board and Indo-US Science and Technology Forum of India for providing SERB INDO-US fellowship and Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, the Ohio State University, USA, for necessary help and support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil and Land Resources Assessment division, NRSC, ISRO, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Tarik Mitran

  2. Carbon Management and Sequestration Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Tarik Mitran & Rattan Lal

  3. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  4. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, Meghalaya, India

    Jayanta Layek

  5. Carbon Management and Sequestration Centre, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA

    Jayanta Layek

  6. Department of Agronomy, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, India

    Sandeep Kumar

  7. Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic

    Rahul Datta

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  1. Tarik Mitran
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  4. Jayanta Layek
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  5. Sandeep Kumar
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  6. Rahul Datta
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Institute of Agricultural Sciences (BHU), Varanasi, UP, India

    Ram Swaroop Meena

  2. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Umiam, India

    Anup Das

  3. Division of Crop Production, ICAR Research Complex for NEH Region, Lembucherra, India

    Gulab Singh Yadav

  4. Carbon Management and Sequestration Center, SENR/FAES, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA

    Rattan Lal

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Mitran, T., Meena, R.S., Lal, R., Layek, J., Kumar, S., Datta, R. (2018). Role of Soil Phosphorus on Legume Production. In: Meena, R., Das, A., Yadav, G., Lal, R. (eds) Legumes for Soil Health and Sustainable Management. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0253-4_15

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