Skip to main content

Supplemental Lighting for Greenhouse-Grown Fruiting Vegetables

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture

Abstract

Supplemental lighting (SL) technology has played an important role increasing the productivity of greenhouse crops over the past 30 years and has been more extensively and flexibly employed since LED lights became commercially available for horticultural use. This chapter reviews the applicable regions of the world and conditions for using SL, types of SL, suitable light sources, economic considerations, and current research on each type of SL for fruiting vegetables grown in greenhouses. Important aspects of using SL are summarized.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Alcock CM, Bertling I (2012) Light-induced colour change in two winter-grown pepper cultivars (Capsicum annuum L.). Acta Hortic 956:275–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Blom TJ, Ingratta FJ (1984) The effect of high pressure sodium lighting on the production of tomatoes, cucumbers and roses. Acta Hortic 148:905–914

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bourget CM (2008) An introduction to light emitting diodes. HortScience 43:1944–1946

    Google Scholar 

  • Brault D, Gueymard C, Boily R, Gosselin A (1989) Contribution of HPS lighting to the heating requirements of a greenhouse. Am Soc Agric Eng 89:4039

    Google Scholar 

  • Burr J (2015) Economics of adoption of LED technology by horticultural industries. In: Mitchell et al. Light-emitting diodes in horticulture, Hortic Rev 43:1–87, Janick J (ed), Wiley Blackwell, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Demers DA, Dorais M, Wien CH, Gosselin A (1998) Effects of supplemental light duration on greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) plants and fruit yields. Sci Hortic 74:295–306

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dorais M (2003) The use of SL for vegetable crop production: light intensity, crop response, nutrition, crop management, cultural practices. Can Greenh Conf 9:2003

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorais M (2004) Lighting greenhouse vegetables. In: Fisher P, Runkle E (eds) Lighting up profits. Meister Media Worldwide, Willoughby, Ohio, USA, pp 93–96

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorais M, Gosselin A, Trudel MJ (1991) Annual greenhouse tomato production under a sequential intercropping system using supplemental light. Sci Hortic 45:225–234

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dueck TA, Kempkes FLK, Marcelis LFM, Janse J, Eveleens-Clark BA (2012a) Growth of tomatoes under hybrid LED and HPS lighting. Acta Hortic 952:335–342

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dueck T, Nieboer S, Janse J, Valstar W, Eveleens B, Grootscholten M (2012b) Report: LED lights and next generation cultivation tomatoes. http://www.wageningenur.nl/upload_mm/a/7/6/86717a68-0e12-4328-ab91-cd0033ab2115_edepotin_t5028c540_001.pdf

  • Frantz JM, Joly RJ, Mitchell CA (2000) Intracanopy lighting influences radiation capture, productivity, and leaf senescence in cowpea canopies. J Am Soc HortScience 125:694–701

    Google Scholar 

  • Giacomelli GA, Ting KC, Mears DR (1994) Design of a single truss tomato production system (STTPS). Acta Hortic 361:77–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez C, Mitchell CA (2014) SL for greenhouse-grown tomatoes: intracanopy LED towers vs. overhead HPS lamps. Acta Hortic 1037:855–862

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gomez C, Mitchell CA (2016) Physiological and productivity responses of high-wire tomato as affected by supplemental light source and distribution within the canopy. J Am Soc HortScience 141:196–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomez C, Morrow RC, Bourget CM, Massa GD, Mitchell CA (2013) Comparison of intracanopy light-emitting diode towers and overhead high-pressure sodium lamps for SL of greenhouse-grown tomatoes. HortTechnology 23:93–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimstad SO (1987) Supplementary lighting of early tomatoes after planting out in glass and acrylic greenhouses. Sci Hortic 33:189–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gunnlaugsson B, Adalsteinsson S (2006) Interlight and plant density in year-round production of tomato at northern latitudes. Acta Hortic 711:71–76

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hao X, Papadopoulos AP (1999) Effects of supplemental lighting and cover materials on growth, photosynthesis, biomass partitioning, early yield and quality of greenhouse cucumber. Sci Hortic 80:1–18

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hao X, Guo X, Chen X, Khosla S (2014) Inter-lighting in mini-cucumbers: interactions with overhead lighting and plant density. Acta Hortic 1107:291–296

    Google Scholar 

  • Heuvelink E, Bakker MJ, Hogendonk L, Janse J, Kaarsemaker RC, Maaswinkel RHM (2006) Horticultural lighting in the Netherlands: new developments. Acta Hortic 711:25–33

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hovi T, Näkkilä J, Tahvonen R (2004) Interlighting improves production of year-round cucumber. Sci Hortic 102:283–294

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hovi-Pekkanen T, Tahvonen R (2008) Effects of interlighting on yield and external fruit quality in year-round cultivated cucumber. Sci Hortic 116:152–161

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hovi-Pekkanen T, Näkkilä J, Tahvonen R (2006) Increasing productivity of sweet pepper with interlighting. Acta Hortic 711:165–170

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jokinen K, Särkkä LE, Näkkilä J (2012) Improving sweet pepper productivity by LED interlighting. Acta Hortic 956:59–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kubota C, Kroggel M, Both A, Burr J, Whalen M (2016) Does SL make sense for my crop? – empirical evaluations. Acta Hortic 1134:403–411

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu N, Maruo T, Johkan M, Hohjo M, Tsukagoshi S, Ito Y et al (2012a) Effects of SL within the canopy at different developing stages on tomato yield and quality of single-truss tomato plants grown at high density. Environ Control Biol 50:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lu N, Maruo T, Johkan M, Hohjo M, Tsukagoshi S, Ito Y et al (2012b) Effects of SL with light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on tomato yield and quality of single-truss tomato plants grown at high planting density. Environ Control Biol 50:63–74

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marcelis LFM, Broekhuijsen AGM, Nijs EMFM, Raaphorst MGM (2006) Quantification of the growth response of light quantity of greenhouse grown crops. Acta Hortic 711:97–103

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Massa GD, Kim H-H, Wheeler RM, Mitchell CA (2008) Plant productivity in response to LED lighting. HortScience 43:1951–1956

    Google Scholar 

  • McAvoy R, Janes HW (1984) The use of high pressure sodium lights in greenhouse tomato crop production. Acta Hortic 148:877–888

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell CA (2015) Academic research perspective of LEDs for the horticulture industry. HortScience 50:1293–1296

    Google Scholar 

  • Moe R, Grimstad SO, Gislerod HR (2006) The use of artificial light in year round production of greenhouse crops in Norway. Acta Hortic 711:35–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moerkens R, Vanlommel W, Vanderbruggen R, Van Delm T (2016) The added value of LED assimilation light in combination with high pressure sodium lamps in protected tomato crops in Belgium. Acta Hortic 1134:119–124

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morrow RC (2008) LED lighting in horticulture. HortScience 43:1947–1950

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson PV (2012) Greenhouse operation and management, 7th edn. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Nelson JA, Bugbee B (2014) Economic analysis of greenhouse lighting: light emitting diodes vs. high intensity discharge fixtures. PLoS One 9(6):e99010

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Okano K, Sakamoto Y, Watanabe S-I (2001) Source-sink relationship of 13C-photosynthates in single-truss tomato. Bull Natl Inst Veg Tea Sci 16:351–361 (in Japanese with English synopsis)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Papadopoulos AP, Pararajasingham S (1997) The influence of plant spacing on light interception and use in greenhouse tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.): a review. Sci Hortic 69:1–29

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pettersen RI, Torre S, Gislerod HR (2010) Effects of intracanopy lighting on photosynthetic characteristics in cucumber. Sci Hortic 125:77–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Philips Lighting BV (2015) Philips horticulture LED toplighting. http://images.philips.com/is/content/PhilipsConsumer/PDFDownloads/Global/ODLI20150701_001-UPD-en_AA-CL_LED_Toplighting_Philips_Horticulture_EN.pdf

  • Rodriguez BP, Lambeth VN (1975) Artificial lighting and spacing as photosynthetic and yield factors in winter greenhouse tomato culture. J Am Soc HortScience 100:694–697

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewolde FT, Lu N, Shiina K, Maruo T, Takagaki M, Kozai T, Yamori W (2016) Nighttime supplemental LED inter-lighting improves growth and yield of single-truss tomatoes by enhancing photosynthesis in both winter and summer. Front Plant Sci 7:448

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Trouwborst G, Oosterkamp J, Hogewoning SW, Harbinson J, Ieperen WV (2010) The responses of light interception, photosynthesis and fruit yield of cucumber to LED-lighting within the canopy. Physiol Plant 138:289–300

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Trouwborst G, Schapendonk AH, Rappoldt K, Pot S, Hogewoning SW, van Ieperen W (2011) The effect of intracanopy lighting on cucumber fruit yield–model analysis. Sci Hortic 129:273–278

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Verkerke W, Labrie C, Dueck T (2014) The effect of light intensity and duration on vitamin C concentration in tomato fruits. Acta Hortic 1106:49–54

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Burr J, Zhao F (2016) A comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) of lighting technologies for greenhouse crop production. J Clean Prod (In press) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.014

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Na Lu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2016 Springer Science+Business Media Singapore

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Lu, N., Mitchell, C.A. (2016). Supplemental Lighting for Greenhouse-Grown Fruiting Vegetables. In: Kozai, T., Fujiwara, K., Runkle, E. (eds) LED Lighting for Urban Agriculture. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1848-0_16

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics