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The History of Initial Teacher Preparation in International Contexts

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International Handbook of Teacher Education

Abstract

This chapter examines the history of teacher education in five nations – South Africa, Singapore, Chile, Finland, and United States – representing different continents, histories, political structures, cultures, levels of wealth, and economies. The nations were selected, in fact, because of this variability; Table 2.1 shows how widely they differ on a number of indicators. We hope the chapter will generate discussions about the role teacher education has played in national development and what teacher educators in different nations might learn from each other.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    In South Africa ‘Black’ and ‘African’ are related but not synonymous. “Black” may include Africans, Asians (South African Indians), and Colored (mixed race). But the term ‘African’ makes a statement about ‘identity.’ It refers to indigenous African peoples and is sometimes associated with certain physical characteristics that can be stereotypical. See Chapter 9, “African Identities” in Appiah (1993).

  2. 2.

    Apartheid literally means apartness (in Afrikaans) or separateness (in Dutch).

  3. 3.

    Bantu is a derogatory and inaccurate reference to all Africans.

  4. 4.

    A detailed treatment can be found in Chen and Koay (2010).

  5. 5.

    The four official languages of Singapore are: English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil.

  6. 6.

    Although the University of Singapore had a teacher education programme, offering a Diploma in Education, it only had a small number of students due to the expense of studying full time.

  7. 7.

    In 2007, NIE provided help to Abu Dhabi and Bahrain to establish teacher education colleges. In 2008 and 2009, NIE staff trained teacher trainers in Vietnam and Indonesia and school leaders from Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia who came to NIE for the Leaders in Education programme (see Low & Lee, 2012 for details).

  8. 8.

    In response to primary teachers’ insufficient disciplinary preparation to address the national curriculum for grades 7 and 8, by March 2018 the system will have six primary and six secondary years.

  9. 9.

    From 1981 through 2014 the state promoted expansion of the private sector. A number of policies led to a deterioration of public education. In 1981, 78 % of students attended a public school, dropping to 39.3 % by 2011 (Concha, 2011; Santiago, Benavides, Danielson, Goe, & Nusche, 2013).

  10. 10.

    Due to space consideration the histories of early childhood teacher preparation as well as the preparation special education teachers are not discussed.

  11. 11.

    A more detailed current description of the main components of the teacher education programmes for elementary and secondary school teachers in Finland can be found in Niemi (2012).

  12. 12.

    English, Dutch, and Germans, primarily Protestant, founded the original 13 colonies on the east coast. The predominantly Catholic French and Spanish conquered the west.

  13. 13.

    These arguments were not Willard’s alone. They were articulated by Stowe, Barnard, Mann, etc. (Lucas, 1997).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA

    Peggy L. Placier

  2. University of South Africa (UNISA), Pretoria, South Africa

    Moeketsi Letseka & Johannes Seroto

  3. National Institute of Education (NIE), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore

    Jason Loh

  4. School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

    Carmen Montecinos

  5. History Institute, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile

    Nelson Vásquez

  6. Department of Teacher Education, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Kirsi Tirri

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  1. Peggy L. Placier
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Correspondence to Peggy L. Placier .

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  1. Faculty of Education, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia

    John Loughran

  2. School of Education, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA

    Mary Lynn Hamilton

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Placier, P.L. et al. (2016). The History of Initial Teacher Preparation in International Contexts. In: Loughran, J., Hamilton, M. (eds) International Handbook of Teacher Education. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0366-0_2

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