Abstract
This chapter examines shadow education in Greece, with a focus being placed on private supplementary tutoring offered at secondary education level, and particularly to high school students wishing to continue their studies in higher education.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Association of North Greece Frontistiria Teachers (ANGFT). (2007). Attitudes and practices of lyceum students toward frontistiria and remedial teaching. Retrieved on February 1, 2011 from: http://www.sfbe.gr/pdf/students.pdf [in Greek].
Association of Secondary Education Frontistiria Owners of Attika (ASEFOA). (2008). Students’ attitudes and usage of frontistiria and idietera. Retrieved on 16 September 2011 from: http://www.slideshare.net/cc549831/08-2275703 [in Greek].
Athanasouli, K. (2009). Professional transition of graduates of schools of philosophy. Athens: Centre of Planning and Economic Research [in Greek].
Bouzakis, S. (1991). Modern Greek education (1821–1985). Athens: Gutenberg [in Greek].
Bray, M. (1999). The shadow education system: Private tutoring and its implications for planners. Paris: UNESCO International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP).
Bray, M. (2011). The challenge of shadow education: Private tutoring and its implications for policy makers in the European Union. Brussels: European Commission.
Centre for the Development of Education Policy, General Confederation of Greek Workers [KANEP/GSEE]. (2011). 2010 Basic figures of education (primary and secondary education, reference years 2005–2006, 2006–2007, 2007–2008). Athens. Available online at: http://www.kanepgsee.gr/ereynes-meletes/44-ethsia-ekthesh-gia-thn-typikh-ekpaideysh-2010/ [in Greek].
Dimaras, Al. (Ed.). (1985). The reform which has never taken place (historical documents). Athens: Ermis [in Greek].
Dimou, G. (1999). The operation of frontistiria in Greece: Empirical study of the phenomenon. Athens: Gutenberg [in Greek].
Drettakis, E. (1977). Summary results of the survey concerning the 1976 examinations for entrance to higher education. Athens: Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs [in Greek].
Federation of Secondary School Teachers (FSST). (1982). Proceedings of the First Education Congress, 13-16 May 1981. Athens [in Greek].
Fragoudaki, A. (1985). Sociology of education: Theories of social inequality in the school. Athens: Papazisis [in Greek].
Hagitegas, G. (2008). The end of the Greek myth. Athens: Livanis [in Greek].
Kargakos, S. (2010). On the defence of frontistirio. Retrieved on 10 October 2011 from: http://www.mathsforyou.gr/arthra/iperfro.pdf [in Greek].
Kassotakis, M. (1989). The access to higher education in Greece and the problems related to it. Vol. B. Unpublished research report. Athens: Ministry of National Education and Religious Affairs [in Greek].
Kassotakis, M., & Photiadou, T. (1996). The vocational orientation of students of the third class of general lyceum. Unpublished research report, 03/1996. Athens: Centre for Career Counseling and Guidance, University of Athens [in Greek].
Kassotakis, M., & Giovanni, E. (2002). Students’ views of integrated lyceum in its operation. In A. Verevi (Ed.), A Synopsis of the surveys conducted in the period 1997–2000. Athens: Centre for Educational Research [in Greek].
Kassotakis, M., & Papagueli-Vouliouri, D. (2009). Access to Greek higher education: Historical overview, problems, and perspectives. Athens: Grigori [in Greek].
Kazamias, A. (1990). The curse of Sisyphus in Greek educational reform: a socio-political and cultural interpretation. Modern Greek Studies Yearbook, 6, 33–53.
Kontogiannopoulou-Polydoridi, G. (1995). Sociological analysis of Greek education: Higher education entrance examinations, Vol. I. Athens: Gutenberg [in Greek].
Kontogiannopoulou-Polydoridi, G. (1996). Sociological analysis of evaluation and of performance: higher education entrance examinations, Vol. II. Athens: Gutenberg [in Greek].
Kyprianos, P. (2010). The senselessness of frontistirio. Newspaper Avgi, 14 February [in Greek].
Kyridis, A. (2003). Inequality in Greek education and access to the university (1955–1985). Athens: Gutenberg [in Greek].
Kyridis, A., & Photopoulos, N. (2009). The geography of inequality in Greek education: Educational priority zones and public active policies. In Th. Thanos (Ed.), Educational inequalities. Methodological, theoretical and experiential issues. Rethymnon: Motivo [in Greek].
Lakassas, A. (2009). The ‘necessary evil’ of frontistiria. Newspaper Kathimerini, 7 September [in Greek].
Liodakis, N (2010). The development of supplementary educational institutions and educational mobility in Greece. Presentation at the Workshop on the world-wide growth of supplementary education, University of Waterloo, Canada, June 4-6 2010. Retrieved on February 1, 2011 from: http://arts.uwaterloo.ca/~wwed/powerpoint.html.
Manos, V. (2008). Views of frontistiria teachers and students and the role of ‘parapedia’. Unpublished masters thesis. University of Athens [in Greek].
Maratou-Alipranti, L. (in cooperation with D. Tsakmakis). (2008). New and old jobs. A gender approach. Athens: Centre for Research on Equity Issues. Retrieved on November 19, 2011 from: http://www.kethi.gr/attachments/148_8_PALAIA_NEA_EPAGGELMATA_FYLO.pdf [in Greek].
Maratou-Alipranti, L., Teperoglou, A., & Tsiganou, I. (2006). The Greek school at the dawn of 21 st century. Educational needs, problems and perspectives. Athens: National Centre for Social Research [in Greek].
Mastoras, N. (2011). Education of high inequality. Newspaper Ta Nea, 3 February [in Greek].
Mouzelis, N. (1978). Modern Greece: Facets of underdevelopment. London: The Macmillan Press.
OECD-UNESCO/Institute for Statistics. (2003). Literacy skills for the world of tomorrow: Further results from PISA 2000. Paris: OECD. Retrieved on September 16, 2011 from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/43/9/33690591.pdf.
OECD (2004). Learning for tomorrow’s world: First results from PISA 2003. Paris: OECD Retrieved on 16 September 2011 from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/1/60/34002216.pdf.
OECD (2007). PISA 2006 science competences for tomorrow’s world. Executive summary. Paris: OECD. Retrieved on September 16, 2011 from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/15/13/39725224.pdf
OECD (2010a). PISA 2009 Results: Executive summary. Paris: OECD. Retrieved on 1 November, 2011 from: http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/34/60/46619703.pdf.
OECD (2010b). Mathematics teaching and learning strategies in PISA. Paris: OECD. Retrieved on November, 1, 2011 from http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/28/20/46052236.pdf.
Panaretos, J. (2009). What are and what should be the aims of the Greek Education System? Invited talk at the 26th Congress of the Confederation of Greek Frontistiria Owners. Thessaloniki, Greece (27-28 June). Available online at: http://stat-athens.aueb.gr/~jpan/papers/Paraneretos-OEFE-2009-ft.pdf [in Greek].
Papadimitriou, G. (1991). Systems of examinations for entrance to higher education and its impact to the structure of student population which attend Economic Schools. In Panteion University (Ed.), The university in Greece: Economic, social and political dimensions. Athens: Sakis Karagiorgas Foundation [in Greek].
Papageorgiou, K. (1979). A survey among gymnasium graduates. Athens: National Greek Centre for Social Research [in Greek].
Papas, G. (1989). The ambition of general lyceum graduates for higher studies. In Association of Varvakio Graduates (Ed.), The transition from lyceum to university. Athens [in Greek].
Pesmatzoglou, St. (1987). Education and development in Greece: 1948–1985. An asymptote relationship. Athens: Themelio [in Greek].
Papakonstantinou, G. (2006). The demand for higher education: The role of private cost of education. Sciences of Education, 1, 47–64 [in Greek].
Polychronaki, M. (2004). Educational mobility and para-educational mechanisms. The perceptions of students and state school teachers concerning the role of frontistiria and idietera in transition from secondary to higher education. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Crete, Rethymnon. Retrieved on 15 September 2011 from: http//elocus.lib.uoc.gr/dlib/f/7/f/metadata-dlib-2004polychronaki.tkl [in Greek].
Psacharopoulos, G., & Papakonstantinou, G. (2005). The real university cost in a ‘free’ higher education country, Economics of Education Review, 24, 103–108.
Psacharopoulos, G., & Tassoulas, S. (2004). Achievement at the higher education entry examinations in Greece: A procrustean approach. Higher Education, 47, 241–252.
Pyrgiotakis, J. (2009). Free education, the frontistiria and selection strategies concerning the entrance to higher education: A relation of reciprocal dependence. In Th. Thanos (Ed.), Educational inequalities: Methodological, theoretical and experiential issues. Rethymnon: Motivo [in Greek].
Sianou-Kyrgiou, E. (2005). Education and social inequalities: The transition from secondary to higher education (1997–2004). Athens: Metexmio [in Greek].
Thanos, Th. (2007). Contribution to a sociology of inequalities in Greek education. A study of the chances that the socio-professional categories had in order to access higher education during the after-war period. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Crete, Rethymnon [in Greek].
Tsiloglou, L. (2005). Frontistiria in Greece: Their history and people. Athens: Kedros [in Greek].
Tsoukalas, K. (1975). The higher education in Greece as a mechanism of social reproduction, Deukalion, 13, 18–33 [in Greek].
Tsoukalas, K. (1981). Some aspects of ‘over-education’ in modern Greece. Journal of the Hellenic Diaspora, 8(1–2), 109–121.
Tsoukalas, K. (1986). State, society and employment in post-war Greece. Athens: Themelio [in Greek].
Verdis, A. (2002). School effectiveness research for educational evaluation in Greece. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of London Institute of Education.
Verdis, A., & Kriemadis, T. (2003). School climate and student achievement in Greek higher secondary schools (eniaia lykeia): a hierarchical statistical analysis. Mediterranean Journal of Educational Studies, 8(2), 95–108.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2013 Sense Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kassotakis, M., Verdis, A. (2013). Shadow Education in Greece. In: Bray, M., Mazawi, A.E., Sultana, R.G. (eds) Private Tutoring Across the Mediterranean. Comparative and International Education. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-237-2_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-237-2_6
Publisher Name: SensePublishers, Rotterdam
Online ISBN: 978-94-6209-237-2
eBook Packages: Humanities, Social Sciences and LawEducation (R0)
