Skip to main content

Language in Afghanistan’s Education Reform

Does it Play a Role in Peace and Reconciliation?

  • Chapter
Language Issues in Comparative Education

Part of the book series: Comparative and International Education ((CIEDV,volume 1))

Abstract

Ikim bob dar borai Afghonistona way paywastagii ziv at jam’iyat murakabiyaten and uf joi islohoti maorif, aznaw virextowi jami’iyat, osoixi, at tar yakdidaryatowi mardumeni Afghoniston bora andi naql kixt. Ilmi adabiyot dar borai ziven, jam’iyat, ma’orif, digarsawuch gap and kor dar sohai ziven, at ik-hozira imkoniyateni qonuni dar jodai ziven gunoguni at lapzivak ma’orif- andi yand undi tahlil sach. Ba’d az dai, ikim bob, Afghoniston at tashkiloteni bainalmilaliya uf uhdadoriyen bahs kixt. Khulosa ikididi yordam baroi lapzivi at lapzivak ma’orif ghalath sust.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Abadzi, Helen (2006). Efficient learning for the poor: Insights from the frontier of cognitive neuroscience. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • ADB (2002). Community-based gender sensitive education for the poor. Project proposal. Japan Fund for Poverty Reduction JFPR: AFG 36484. Manila: Asian Development Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Adeney, Katharine (2008). Constitutional design and the political salience of “Community” identity in Afghanistan: Prospects for the emergence of ethnic conflicts in the post-Taliban era. Asian Survey, 48(4), 535–557.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Afghanistan (2004). Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. (http://www.servat.unibe.ch/icl/af00000_.html)

  • Afghanistan (2005). Constitution of Afghanistan, October 1, 1964. Reprinted in Dari and English translation. In Nadjma Yassari (Ed.), The Sharī’a in the constitutions of Afghanistan, Iran, and Egypt: Implications for private law (pp. 209–259). Tübingen, Germany: Mohr Siebeck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Afghanistan (2008). Millenium development goals: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Vision 2020. Annual Progress Report. Kabul, Afghanistan: Islamic Republic of Afghanistan.

    Google Scholar 

  • Afghanistan Ministry of Education (2010). Draft National Education Strategic Plan for Afghanistan (1389–1393/2010–2014). Kabul, Afghanistan: Department of Planning and Evaluation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Afghanistan Ministry of Education (2011). Response to EFA Global Monitoring Report – 2011. Kabul. Afghanistan: Ministry of Education. (http://english.moe.gov.af/index.php/policy-plan/72-reports/77-response-to-efa-global-monitoring-report-2011)

  • Bahry, Stephen (2005a). Travelling policy and local spaces in the Republic of Tajikistan: A comparison of the attitudes of Tajikistan and the World Bank towards textbook provision. European Educational Research Journal, 4(1), 60–78.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bahry, Stephen (2005b). The potential of bilingual education in educational development of minority language children in Mountainous Badakhshan, Tajikistan. In H. Coleman, J. Gulyamova, & A. Thomas (Eds.), Asia and beyond (pp. 46–63). Tashkent, Uzbekistan: British Council.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahry, Stephen (2012). What constitutes quality in minority education? A multiple embedded case study of stakeholder perspectives on minority linguistic and cultural content in school-based curriculum in Sunan Yughur Autonomous County, Gansu. Frontiers of Education in China, 7(3), 376–416.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahry, Stephen, Niyozov, Sarfaroz, & Shamatov, Duishon (2008). Bilingual education in Central Asia. In Jim Cummins & Nancy H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education, 2nd Edition, Volume 5: Bilingual education (pp. 205–221). New York: Springer Science + Business Media LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker, Colin (2011). Foundations of bilingual education and bilingualism (5th ed.). Bristol, England: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldauf, Ingeborg (2007). The Dāyı ~ Kārgıl of Andkhoy: Language, history and typical professions. Discourses on local identity. Asien, July, 135–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barfield, Thomas J. (2010). Afghanistan: A cultural and political history. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bashir, Elena (2006). Indo-Iranian frontier languages. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, November 15, 2006 (http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/indo-iranian-frontier-languages-and-theinfluence-of-persian)

  • Bender, Penelope; Dutcher, Nadine; Klaus, David; Shore, Jane, & Tesar, Charlie (2005). In their own language, Education for All. Education Notes. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benson, Carol (2005). Girls, educational equity and mother tongue-based teaching. Bangkok, Thailand: UNESCO Bangkok.

    Google Scholar 

  • Black, Cyril E., Dupree, Louis, Endicott-West, Elizabeth, & Naby, Eden (1991). The modernization of Inner Asia. Armonk, New York: M. E. Sharpe.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coulmas, Florian (1989). Language adaptation. In Coulmas, Florian (Ed.), Language adaptation (pp. 1–25). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, Jim (2000). Language, power and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cummins, Jim (2001). Negotiating identities: Education for empowerment in a diverse society (2nd ed.). Los Angeles: California Association for Bilingual Education.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dryden-Peterson, Sarah (2010). Barriers to accessing education in conflict-affected fragile states. Case Study: Afghanistan. Save The Children.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dupree, Louis (1978). Language and politics in Afghanistan. In Clarence Maloney (Ed.), Language and civilization change in South Asia (pp. 131–141). Leiden, Netherlands: E. J. Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dutcher, Nadine, & Tucker, G. Richard (1996). The use of first and second languages in education. Pacific Islands Discussion Paper, 1, East Asia and Pacific Region. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dwyer, Arienne M. (2005). The Xinjiang conflict: Uyghur identity, language policy, and political discourse. Policy Studies 15. Washington, D.C.: East-West Center. (http://www.eastwestcenter.org/fileadmin/stored/pdfs/PS015.pdf)

  • Evans, Anne, Manning, Nick, Osmani, Yasin, Tully, Anne, & Wilder, Andrew (2004). A guide to government in Afghanistan. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ewans, Martin (2002). Afghanistan: A new history (2nd ed.). London: RoutledgeCurzon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson, Charles A. (1959). Diglossia. Word, 15, 325–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, Joshua A. (1967). Bilingualism with and without diglossia; diglossia with and without bilingualism. Journal of Social Issues, 23(2), 29–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Giustozzi, Antonio (2010). Nation-building is not for all: The politics of education in Afghanistan. Kabul, Afghanistan: Afghanistan Analysts Network. (http://aan-afghanistan.com/uploads/AAN-Politics-of-Education.pdf)

  • Hakala, Walter N. (2011). Locating ‘Pashto’ in Afghanistan: A survey of secondary sources. In Harold F. Schiffman (Ed.), Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors (pp. 53–88). Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanifi, M. Jamil (2004). Editing the past: Colonial production of hegemony through the “Loya Jerga” in Afghanistan. Iranian Studies, 37(2), 295–322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hornberger, Nancy H. (2002). Multilingual language policies and the Continua of Biliteracy: An ecological approach. Language Policy, 1, 27–51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyman, Anthony (2002). Nationalism in Afghanistan. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 34(2), 299–315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieffer, Charles (1983). Afghanistan. V. Languages. Encyclopedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 5, 501–516.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kieffer, Charles (2003). Hazāra. iv. Hazāragi dialect. Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition, December 15, 2003. (http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/hazara-4)

  • Lewis, M. Paul (Ed.) (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the world, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International.

    Google Scholar 

  • May, Stephen A. (2008). Bilingual/immersion education: What the research tells us. In Jim Cummins & Nancy H. Hornberger (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education, 2nd Edition, Volume 5: Bilingual education (pp. 19–34). New York: Springer Science + Business Media LLC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miran, M. Alam (1977). The functions of national languages in Afghanistan. New York: Afghanistan Council, Asia Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Naby, Eden (1980).The ethnic factor in Soviet-Afghan relations. Asian Survey, 20(3), 237–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Naby, Eden (1984). The Uzbeks in Afghanistan. Central Asian Survey, 3(1), 1–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nawid, Senzil (2011). Language policy in Afghanistan: Linguistic diversity and national unity. In Harold F. Schiffman (Ed.), Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors (pp. 31–52). Leiden, the Netherlands: Brill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell, Richard S. (1988). The prospects for state-building in Afghanistan. In Ali Banuazizi & Myron Weiner (Eds.), The state, religion, and ethnic politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (pp. 104–124). Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell, Richard S. (1989). Post-Soviet Afghanistan: The position of the minorities. Asian Survey 29(11): 1090–1108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Olesen, Asta (1995). Islam and politics in Afghanistan. Richmond, England: Curzon Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Owens, Jonathan (2007). Endangered languages of the Middle East. In Matthias Brenzinger (Ed.), Language diversity endangered (pp. 263–277). Berlin, Germany: Walter de Gruyter.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pinnock, Helen (2009). Language and education: The missing link. Reading/ London, England: CfBT Educational Trust and Save the Children UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, Jeffery J. (2003). The origins of conflict in Afghanistan. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rubin, Barnett R. (1991). The old regime in Afghanistan: Recruitment and training of a state élite. Central Asian Survey, 10(3), 73100.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rzehak, Lutz (2009). Remembering the Taliban. In Robert D. Crews & Amin Tarzi (Eds.), The Taliban and the crisis of Afghanistan (pp. 182–211). Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Samady, Saif R. (2001). Education and Afghan society in the twentieth century. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • SERVE (2010). SERVE Afghanistan: Annual Report 2010. Kabul, Afghanistan. (http://www.serveafghanistan.org/storage/annual%20rpt%202010.pdf)

  • Shahrani, M. Nazif (1988). State building and social fragmentation in Afghanistan: A social perspective. In Ali Banuazizi & Myron Weiner (Eds.), The state, religion, and ethnic politics: Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan (pp. 23–74). Syracuse, New York: Syracuse University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silova, Iveta (2005). Traveling Policies: Hijacked in Central Asia. European Educational Research Journal, 4(1), 50–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, Alan (2010). The hidden crisis: Armed conflict and education: The influence of education on conflict and peace building. Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report 2011. UNESCO Report 2011/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/48.

    Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, Charles (1992). The politics of recognition. In Amy Guttman (Ed.), Multiculturalism and “The politics of recognition” (pp. 25–73). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas, Wayne, & Collier, Victoria (2002). A national study of school effectiveness for language minority students’ long-term academic achievement. University of California, Berkeley, California: Center for Research on Education, Diversity and Excellence.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tohiri, S. (2002). Bo suquti Tolibon dar Afghoniston zaboni Dari maqomi peshinai khudro kasb mekunad [With the fall of the Taliban, the Dari language is regaining its previous status in Afghanistan]. January 26, 2002. Radio Ozodi Tajik language (http://www.ozodi.org/content/article/1122353.html)

  • UNESCO (1953). The use of vernacular languages in education. Monographs in Fundamental Education, VIII. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO (2002). UNESCO education reconstruction programme for Afghanistan: Components and development projects. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO (2003). Education in a multilingual world. UNESCO Education Position Paper. Paris: UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • UNESCO (2009). Afghan minority language project succeeds against the odds. August, 2009. UNESCO Education Sector Newsletter.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (1995). Priorities and strategies for education. Washington, DC: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • World Bank (2009). Afghanistan education quality improvement project (EQUIP). Human Development Unit, South Asia Region. Report No: ICR00001263. Washington, D.C.: World Bank.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yun, Ju-Hong (2003). Pashai language development project: Promoting Pashai language, literacy and community development. A paper presented at the Conference on Language Development, Language Revitalization, and Multilingual Education in Minority Communities in Asia. November 6–8, 2003, Bangkok, Thailand. (http://www.sil.org/asia/ldc/parallel_papers/ju-hong_yun.pdf)

  • Yun, Ju-Hong (2008). Afghanistan. Mother tongue and multilingual education in Afghanistan: The Pashai language development project. In UNESCO, Improving the quality of mother tongue-based literacy and learning: Case studies from Asia, Africa and South America (pp. 14–27). Bangkok, Thailand: UNESCO Bangkok.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zholdoshalieva, Rakhat (2010). Inclusion and exclusion of indigenous knowledge, culture and language: The Kyrgyz minority in Central and Inner Asia. The 54th Comparative International Education Society Annual Conference, University of Chicago, Illinois, USA, March 1–5.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Sense Publishers

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Bahry, S.A. (2013). Language in Afghanistan’s Education Reform. In: Language Issues in Comparative Education. Comparative and International Education, vol 1. SensePublishers, Rotterdam. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6209-218-1_4

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Societies and partnerships