Abstract
Viruses have long been known to be prevalent in plants in tropical and sub-tropical developing countries, particularly in staple crops such as cassava, rice, coconut and pulses. The need to address a wider range of vegetable crops was identified by the IPM-Innovation Lab. To meet these needs, a team of virologists was organized to work across countries and regions with IPM specialists to document virus disease problems in priority crops; mainly tomato and peppers, melons and various gourds and cucurbits, locally preferred vegetables such as eggplant (brinjal), okra (bhendi) and yardlong bean, and fruits (passion fruit, tree tomato). These crops constitute important sources of income and food sources, for many farmers, and were observed to be infected by a wide diversity of viruses. Demands for increased production, increased uniformity of vegetables grown for domestic and export markets, changes in production practices leading to scale up of production of seeds and seedlings, changes related to intensification and global climate change, and greater crop uniformity across regions, appear to be associated with crop losses due to viruses. This chapter summarizes more than two decades of research results to identify problems, and describes progress to enhance local capacity for in-country diagnosis and implementation of integrated disease management practices.
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Acknowledgements
This chapter covers highlights of activities of teams of scientists, and aims to integrate our experiences and results with important landmark concepts of plant virology, epidemiology, and disease management. Our thanks go especially to those scientists in the United States, namely Judith K. Brown of the University of Arizona, Robert L. Gilbertson of the University of California – Davis, and R. A. Naidu (= Naidu A. Rayapati) of Washington State University for their major efforts and contributions to the Virus Global Themes of the IPM IL/IPVDN, and also Scott Adkins (USDA-ARS and University of Florida) and C. Michael Deom (University of Florida) who were members of the virus global themes in the earlier years of the project. We also acknowledge collaborations with the International Plant Diagnostic Network- IPDN led by Sally A. Miller and the leaders of the Regional Sites in East and West Africa, South and Southeast Asia, Central Asia, and Latin America and the Caribbean. We also express appreciation to the many Host Country scientists and their supporting institutions for introducing us to their vegetable production systems, and for their tremendous cooperation and interest in learning. This was a truly global project that gave us a glimpse of the devastating impact of virus diseases of vegetables on food security in developing countries, and provided opportunities to build in-country capacity to address these problems through knowledge-based and innovative approaches.
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Tolin, S.A., Fayad, A. (2016). Virus Diseases of Tropical Vegetable Crops and Their Management. In: Muniappan, R., Heinrichs, E. (eds) Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Vegetable Crops. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-024-0924-6_3
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