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Behaviour

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Cephalopod Culture

Abstract

The coleoid cephalopods, typified by cuttlefish, squid, and octopuses, are carnivorous molluscs. Of the better-known coastal cephalopods, many live in shallow water, are short-lived, physiologically efficient, and nocturnal. The behaviour of cephalopods overall is poorly known: a basic ethogram is available for one cuttlefish and one octopus species. Cuttlefish and squid eat primarily fish and crustaceans; the octopus diet includes crustaceans and molluscs. Most cephalopods prefer live natural food and prepared diets reduce growth compared to natural food. Cephalopods are generally solitary. A semelparous life history, parental care of eggs only in the octopuses (and a few squid) and no overlap of generations restrict the opportunity for social behaviour. Cuttlefish reproductive tactics may be complex, and squid swim with conspecifics in schools. Smaller cephalopods are at risk for cannibalism from larger ones (common in 59 % of species and high in 24 %). Cephalopods use visual displays, and some have size-based social hierarchies in captivity. Coastal coleoid cephalopods grow rapidly (live only 1–2 years), mature at an early age, and many die shortly after laying eggs. Many species of squid and cuttlefish aggregate for spawning, while male octopuses locate receptive females by chemoreception. Most young hatch at a small size, are planktonic, and must hunt live appropriate-sized prey. Major challenges to mariculture include keeping tiny planktonic paralarvae alive, providing adequate diet for growth, and avoiding cannibalism within high density captive populations.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada

    Jennifer Mather

  2. Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK, USA

    David Scheel

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  1. Centro Oceanográfico deVigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain

    José Iglesias

  2. Centro Oceanográfico deVigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Vigo, Pontevedra, Spain

    Lidia Fuentes

  3. Institut de Ciències del Mar (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain

    Roger Villanueva

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Mather, J., Scheel, D. (2014). Behaviour. In: Iglesias, J., Fuentes, L., Villanueva, R. (eds) Cephalopod Culture. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8648-5_2

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