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Characterizing the Ancestors: Paedomorphosis and Termite Evolution

  • Chapter
Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology

Abstract

The relationships among the three main lineages in the Dictyoptera are uncertain. Here we suggest that the tempo and mode of their evolution confound efforts to determine the phylogenetic relationships among termites, mantids, and cockroaches. First, fossil and molecular data each suggest that these taxa originated within a relatively short span of time during the Mesozoic. If so, the rapid divergence of lineages during early stages of dictyopteran evolution may have obscured our ability to resolve the pattern of branching events. Second, other evidence suggests that paedomorphosis played a central role in shaping the evolutionary trajectory of termites. Paedomorphic evolution is notorious for obscuring phylogenetic patterns, because (a) reductions and losses result in few morphological characters on which to base cladistic analysis, and (b) parallel loss of characters by developmental truncation obscures polarity, making it difficult to distinguish between paedomorphic and plesiomorphic traits. Moreover, with cockroaches as the reference group, heterochronic changes are evident in termite behavior and physiology, providing insight into the origin of isopteran traits such as a reliance on gut mutualists and elaborate polyphenism. Recognition of the connection between ontogeny and phylogeny in the Dictyoptera is essential to resolving some of the long standing issues regarding the phylogenetic origin and subsequent evolution of the included taxa.

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  1. Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695-7613, USA

    Christine A. Nalepa

  2. Istituto di Patologia Generale Veterinaria, Universita di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 2033, Milano, Italy

    Claudio Bandi

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    Takuya Abe  & Masahiko Higashi  & 

  2. School of Biological Sciences, Queen Mary & Westfield College, University of London, E1 4NS, London, UK

    David Edward Bignell

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Nalepa, C.A., Bandi, C. (2000). Characterizing the Ancestors: Paedomorphosis and Termite Evolution. In: Abe, T., Bignell, D.E., Higashi, M. (eds) Termites: Evolution, Sociality, Symbioses, Ecology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3223-9_3

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