Electromagnetic Phenomena in a System Moving with any Velocity Smaller than that of Light

Abstract

The problem of determining the influence exerted on electric and optical phenomena by a translation, such as all systems have in virtue of the Earth’s annual motion, admits of a comparatively simple solution, so long as only those terms need be taken into account, which are proportional to the first power of the ratio between the velocity of translation w and the velocity of light c. Cases in which quantities of the second order, i.e. of the order w ²/c ², may be perceptible, present more difficulties. The first example of this kind is Michelson’s well known interference-experiment, the negative result of which has led Fitz Gerald and myself to the conclusion that the dimensions of solid bodies are slightly altered by their motion through the aether.

Proc. Royal Acad. Amsterdam. 6, 809, 1904.