Abstract
During the last 25 years, the literature on energetics of feeding and digestion in fish has grown rapidly and much has been summarized in several reviews (Ricker, 1946; Barrington, 1957; Winberg, 1961; Warren & Davies, 1967; Windell, 1967; Kapoor et al., 1975; Fänge & Grove, 1979). This chapter, however, concentrates on new, neglected and/or inadequately covered aspects of energetics of feeding and digestion.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andrews, J.W. and Stickney, R.R. (1972), Interactions of feeding rates and environmental temperature on growth, food conversion and body composition of channel catfish. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 101, 94
Arunachalam, S., Vivekanandan, E. and Pandian, T.J. (1976), Food intake, conversion and swimming activity in the air-breathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis. Hvdrobiologia 51, 213
Ashley, L.M. (1972), Nutritional pathology. In: Halver, J.E. (ed.). Fish Nutrition, pp. 439–537. New York, Academic Press
Barrington, E.J.W. (1957), The alimentary canal and digestion. In: Brown, M.E. (ed.). The Physiology of Fishes. vol. I, pp. 109–61. New York, Academic Press
Beamish, F.W.H. (1972), Ration size and digestion in largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides Lacepede. Can. J. Zool. 50, 153
Belliyappa, G., Krishnan, N. and Reddy, S.R. (1983), Effects of body size on the rate and pattern of ammonia excretion in an air-breathing fish. Proc. Indian Acad. Scí. 92, 31
Benitez, L.V. and Tiro. L.B. (1982), Studies on the digestive proteases of the milkfish Chanos chanos. Mar. Biol. 71, 309
Blaster, J.H.S. (1965), The feeding of herring larvae and their ecology in relation to feeding. Rep. Calif Coop. Oceanic Fish. Invest. 10, 79
Boehlert, G.W. (1981), Ontogenetic changes in growth and their relationship with temperature and habitat change. In: Cailliet, G.M. and Simenstad, C.A. (eds). Gutshop ‘81, pp. 115–23. Seattle, Washington Sea Grant Publication
Bowen, S.H. (1979), A nutritional constraint in detritivory by fishes. The stunted population of Sarotherdon mossambicus (Peters) in Lake Sibaya, South Africa. Ecol. Monogr. 49, 17
Bowen, S.H. (1981), Digestion and assimilation of periphytic detrital aggregate by Tilapia mossambica. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110, 239
Brett, J.R. (1971), Satiation time, appetite, and maximum food intake of sockeye salmon, Orcorhi’nchus nerka. J. Fish Res. Bd Can. 28, 1635
Brett, J.R. and Groves, T.D.D. (1979), Physiological energetics. In: Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J. and Brett, J.R. (eds). Fish Physiology, vol. VIII, pp. 279–352. New York, Academic Press
Brett, J.R., Shelbourn, J.E. and Shoop, C.T. (1969), Growth rate and body composition of fingerling sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, in relation to temperature and ration size. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 26, 2363
Brocksen, R.W. and Bugge, J.P. (1974), Preliminary investigations on the influence of temperature on food assimilation by rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri Richardson. J. Fish Biol. 6, 93
Bryan, P.G. (1975), Food habits, functional digestive morphology, and assimilation efficiency of the rabbitfish Siganus spinus (Pisces, Siganidae) on Guam. Pac. Sci. 29, 269
Buddington, R K. (1979), Digestion of an aquatic macrophyte by Tilapia zilli. J. Fish Biol. 15, 449
Carline, R.F. and Hall, J.D. (1973), Evaluation of method for estimating food consumption rates of fish. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 30, 623
Caulton, M.S. (1976), The importance of pre-digestive food preparation to Tilapia rendalli Boulenger when feeding on aquatic macrophytes. Trans. Rhod. Scient. Ass. 57, 22
Caulton, M.S. (1978), Tissue depletion and energy utilization during routine metabolism by sub-adult Tilapia rendalli. J. Fish Biol. 13, 1
Cohen, E.G. and Grosslein, M.D. (1981), Food consumption by silver hake (Merluccius bilinearis) on Georges Bank with implications for recruitment. In: Cailliet, G.M. and Simenstad, C.A. (eds). Gutshop ‘81, pp. 97–105. Seattle, Washington Sea Grant Publication
Cowey, C.B. (1980), Protein metabolism in fish. In: Buttery, P.J. and Lindsay, D.B. (eds). Protein Deposition in Animals, pp. 271–88. London, Butterworths
Cowey, C.B., Pope, J.A., Adron, J.W. and Blair, A. (1972), Studies on the nutrition of marine flatfish. Growth of plaice, Pleuronectes platessa, on diets containing proteins derived from plants and other sources. Mar. Biol 10, 145
Crowder, L.B. (1981), Species interactions and community structure of fishes in Lake Michigan. In: Cailliet, G.M. and Simenstad, C.A. (eds). Gutshop ‘81, pp. 151–7, Seattle, Washington Sea Grant Publication
Dabrowski, H. (1977), Studies on the utilization by rainbow trout(Salmogairdneri) of feed mixtures containing soya bean meal and an addition of amino acids. Aquaculture 10, 297
Davis, A.T. and Stickney, R.R. (1978), Protein requirements of Tilapia aurea. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 107, 479
De Long, D.C., Halver, J.E. and Mertz, E.T. (1958), Protein requirements of Chinook salmon, Oncorhvnchus tschawytscha. J. Nutr. 65, 589
De Silva, S.S. and Perera, P.A.B. (1976), Studies on the young grey mullet, Mugil cephalus L. I. Effects of salinity on food intake, growth and food conversion. Aquaculture 7, 327
Dupree, H.K. and Sneed, K.E. (1966), Response of channel catfish fingerlings to different levels of major nutrients in purified diets. Tech. Pap. U.S. Bur. Sport Fish. Wild!. 9, 1
Durbin, A.D., Durbin, E.G., Verity, P.G. and Sinayda, T.J. (1981), Voluntary swimming speeds and respiration rates of a filter feeding planktivore, the Atlantic menhaden, Brevoortia tyrannus (Pisces: Clupeidae). Fish. Bull. 78, 877
Edwards, R.R.C., Finlayson, S.M. and Steele, J.H. (1969), The ecology of 0-group plaice and common dabs in Loch Ewe. II. Experimental studies of metabolism. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 3, 1
Edwards, T.W. and Horn, M.H. (1982), Assimilation efficiency of a temperate zone intertidal fish (Cebidichthys violaceus) fed diets of macroalgae. Mar. Biol. 67, 247
Eggers, D.M. (1982), Planktivore preference by prey size. Ecology 63, 381
Elliott, J.M. (1975), The growth rate of brown trout, Salmo trutta L., fed on maximum rations. J. Anim. Ecol. 44, 805
Elliott, J.M. and Persson, L. (1978), The estimation of daily rates of food consumption for fish. J. Anim. Ecol. 47, 977
Fange, R and Grove, D. (1979), Digestion. In: Hoar, W.S., Randall, D.J. and Brett, J.R. (eds). Fish Physiology, vol. VIII, pp. 162–260. New York, Academic Press
Farmer, G.J., Beamish, F.W.H. and Robinson, G.H. (1975), Food consumption of the adult landlocked sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 50, 753
Fischer, Z. (1972), The elements of energy balance in grass carp (Ctenopharvngodon idella Val.). Part II. Fish fed with animal food. Polish Arch. Hydrobiol. 19, 65
Frame, D.W. (1973), Conversion efficiency and survival of young winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus under experimental conditions. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 102, 614
Gerking, S.D. (1955), Influence of rate of feeding and body composition on protein metabolism of bluegill sunfish. Physiol. Zool. 28, 267
Goldman, C.R. and Kimmel, B.L. (1978), Biological processes associated with suspended sediment and detritus, in lakes and reservoirs. In: Calms, J. Jr, Benfield, E.F. and Webster, J.R. (eds). Current Perspectives on River-Reservoir Ecosystems, pp. 19–44. Virginia, North American Benthological Society
Haniffa, M.A. and Venkatachalam, V. (1980), Effects of quality of food energy budget and chemical composition of the grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella. Proc. Int. Syrup. Conservation Inputs from Life Sciences, Univ. Jelangasaan, Malaysia, pp. 163–73
Hatanaka, M. and Murakawa, G. (1958), Growth and food consumption in young amberfish Seriola quinqueradiata (T et S). Tohoku J. Agric. Res. 9, 69
Hatanaka, M., Kosaka, M. and Sato, Y. (1956a), Growth and food consumption in young plaice. Part I. Limanda yokohamae(Gunther). TohokuJ. Agric Res. 7, 151
Hatanaka, M., Kosaka, M. and Sato, Y. (1956b), Growth and food consumption in plaice. Part II. Kareius bicoloratus (Basilevsky). Tohoku J. Agric. Res. 7, 163
Hatanaka, M., Sekino, K., Takahashi, M. and Ichimura, T. (1957), Growth and food consumption in young mackerel, Pneumatophorus japonicus (Houttuyn). Tohoku J. Agric. Res. 8, 351
Healey, M.C. (1972), Bioenergetics of a sand goby (Gobius minutus) population. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 29, 187
Hofer, R. and Schiemer, F. (I 981), Proteolytic activity in the digestive tract of several species of fish with different feeding habits. Oecologia (Berl.) 48, 342
Hopkins, T.L. and Baird, R.C. (1981), Trophodynamics of the fish Valenciennellus tripunctatus. I. Vertical distribution, diet and feeding chronology. Mar. Ecol. Prop. Sec 5, 1
Hsu, Y.L. and Wu, J.L. (1979), The relationship between feeding habit and digestive proteases of some freshwater fishes. Bull. Inst. Zool. Acad. Sinica 18, 45
Ishiwata, N. (1968), Ecological studies on the feeding of fishes. IV. Satiation curve. Bull. Jpn Soc. Sci. Fish. 34, 691
Janssen, J. (1976), Feeding modes and prey size selection in the alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33, 1972
Jobling, M. (1980), Gastric evacuation in plaice, Pleuronectes platessa L.: Effects of dietary energy level and food consumption. J. Fish Biol. 17, 187
Jobling, M. (1981), Mathematical models of gastric emptying and the estimation of daily rates of food consumption for fish. J. Fish BioL 19, 245
Jobling, M. (1983a), Effect of feeding frequency on food intake and growth of arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus L. J. Fish Biol. 23, 177
Jobling, M. (1983b), Towards an explanation of specific dynamic action (SDA). J Fish Biol. 23, 549
Johnson, L. (1966), Experimental determination of food consumption of pike Esox Lucius for growth and maintenance. J. Fish Res. Bd Can. 23, 1495
Jones, B.C. and Geen, G.H. (1977), Food and feeding of spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in British Columbia Waters. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 34, 2067
Just, A. (9180), Influence of dietary composition on site of absorption and efficiency of utilization of metabolizable energy in growing pigs. In: Mount, L.C. (ed.) Energy Metabolism,pp. 27–30. London, Butterworths
Kapoor, B.G., Smit, H. and Verighina, I.A. (1975), The alimentary canal and digestion in teleosts. Adv. Mar. Biol. 13, 109
Kawai, S. and Ikeda, S. (1971), Studies on digestive enzymes of fishes. I. Carbohydrases in digestive organs of several fishes. Bull. Jpn Soc. Sci. Fish. 37, 333
Kitchell, J.F. and Windell, J.T. (1970), Nutritional value of algae to bluegill sunfish Lepomis macrochirus. Copeia, 1970, 186
Lee, D.J. and Putnam, G.B. (1973), The response of rainbow trout to varying protein, energy rations in a test diet. J. Nutr. 103, 916
Legand, M. and Rivation, J. (1969), Cycles biologiques des poissons mésopelagiques dans l’ouest de l’océan Indien. Oceanographic 7, 29
Leong, R.J.H. and O’Connell, C.P. (1969), A laboratory study of particulate and filter feeding of the northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 26, 557
Love, R.M. (1980), The Chemical Biology of Fishes, p. 943. London, Academic Press
Magnuson, J.J. (1969), Digestion and food consumption by skipjack tuna Katsuwonus pelamis. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 98, 379
Marian, M.P., Ponniah, A.G., Pitchairaj, R. and Narayanan, M. (1982), Effect of feeding frequency on surfacing activity and growth in the air-breathing fish, Heteropneustes fossilis. Aquaculture 26, 237
Mathavan, S., Vivekanandan, E. and Pandian, T.J. (1976), Food utilization in the fish Tilapia mossambica fed on plant and animal foods. Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters. 28, 66
Mathavan, S., Muthukrishnan, J. and Hellenal, G.A. (1980), Studies on predation on mosquito larvae by the fish Macropodus cupanus. Hydrobiologia 75, 255
Menzel, D.W. (1959), Utilization of algae for growth by the angelfish Holacanthus bermudensis. J. Cons. perm. in. Explora Mer. 24, 308
Minton, J.W. and McLean, R.B. (1982), Measurements of growth and consumption of sauger (Stizostedion canadense): implication for fish energetics studies. Can. J. Fish. Aquas. Sci. 39, 1396
Mittelbach, G.G. (1981), Foraging efficiency and body size. A study of optimal diet and habitat use by bluegills. Ecology 62, 1370
Montgomery, W. (1980), Comparative feeding ecology of two herbivorous damsel-fishes (Pomacentridae: Teleostei) from the Gulf of California. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 47, 9
Moriarty, D.J. W. (1973), The physiology of digestion of bluegreen algae in the cichlid fish Tilapia nilotica. J. Zoo!. (Lond.) 171, 25
Moriarty, D.J.W. (1976), Quantitative studies on bacteria and algae in the food of the mullet Mugi! cephalus L. and the prawn Metapenaeus bennettae (Racek and Dall). J. exp. mar. Biol. Eco!. 22, 131
Moriarty, D.J.W. and Moriarty, C.M. (1973), The assimilation of carbon from phytoplankton by two herbivorous fishes: Tilapia nilotica and Haplochromis nigripinnis. J. Zool. (Loud.) 171, 41
Nagase, G. (1964), Contribution to the physiology of digestion in Tilapia mossambica: digestive enzymes and the effects of diets on their activity. Zeit. Vergl. Physiol. 49, 270
Nelson, J.S. (1976), Fishes of the World, p. 416. New York, Wiley
Nose, T. and Arai, S. (1972), Protein requirements of the eel Anguilla japonica. Bull. Freshwater Fish. Res. Lab. Tokyo 22, 145
Nursall. J.R. (1981), The activity budget and use of territory by a tropical blennid fish. Zoo!. J. Linn. Soc. 72, 69
Odum, W.E. (1973), Utilization of the direct grazing and plant detritus food chains by the striped mullet Mugi! cephalus. In: Steele, J.H. (ed.). Marine Food Chains, pp. 222–40, Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd
Ogino, C. and Saito, K. (1970), Protein requirements of the carp Cyprinus carpio. Bull. Jpn Soc. Scient. Fish. 36, 250
Pandian, T.J. (1967), Intake, digestion, absorption and conversion of food in the fishes Megalops ciprinoides and Ophiocephalus striatus. Mar. Biol. 1, 16
Pandian, T.J. (1975). Mechanism of heterotrophy. In: Kinne, O. (ed.) Marine Ecology, vol. II, Physiological Mechanisms, Part 1, pp. 61–249. London, Wiley
Pandian, T.J. and Vivekanandan, E. (1976), Effect of feeding and starvation on growth and swimming activity in an obligatory air-breathing fish. Hvdrobiologia 49, 33
Parsons, T.R. and LeBrasseur, R.J. (1973), The availability of food to different trophic levels in the marine food chain. In: Steele, J.H. (ed.) Marine Food Chains, pp. 325–43. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd
Payne, A.I. (1978), Gut pH and digestive strategies in estuarine grey mullet (Mugilidae) and Tilapia (Cichlidae). J. Fish Biol. 13, 627
Peters, D.S. and Angelovic, J.W. (1971), Effect of temperature, salinity and food âvailability on growth and energy utilization of juvenile summer flounder, Paralichthys dentatus. Proc. III. Nat. Svmp. Radioecology, p. 545
Peters, D.S. and Boyd, M.T. (1972), The effect of temperature, salinity and availability of food on the feeding and growth of the hogchoker, Trinectes maculatus (Bloch and Schneider). J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol. 7, 201
Pierce, R.J. (1977), Life history and ecological energetics of the gizzard shad. (Dorosoma cepedianum) in Acton Lake, Ohio, Diss. Abs. Int. 38
Pierce, RJ. and Wissing, T.E. (1974), Energy cost of food utilization in the bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus). Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 103, 38
Pierce, RJ., Wissing, T.E. and Megrey, B.A. (1981), Aspects of the feeding ecology of gizzard shad in Acton Lake, Ohio. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 110, 391
Ponniah, A.G. and Pandian, T.J. (1977), Surfacing activity and food utilization in the air-breathing fish Po/yacanthus cupanus exposed to constant pO2. Hydrobiologia 53, 221
Popova, O.A. and Sytina, L.A. (1977), Food and feeding relations of eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) and pike perch (Stizostedion luciperca) in various waters of the U.S.S.R. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 34, 1559
Raghuraman, R. (1973), Rate and efficiency of conversion in the fish Polvacanthus cupanus fed different quantities of food. Curr. Sci. 42, 24
Ricker, W.E. (1946), Production and utilization of fish populations. Leo!. Monogr. 16, 373
Rosenthal, H. and Hempel, G. (1973), Experimental studies in feeding and food requirements of herring larvae (Clupea harengus L.) In: Steele, J.H. (ed.). Marine Food Chains, pp. 344–64. Edinburgh, Oliver and Boyd
Rumsey, G.L. and Ketola, H.G. (1975), Amino acid supplementation of casein diets of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fry and of soyabean meal for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 32, 422
Sabaut, J.J. and Luquet, P. (1973), Nutritional requirements of the gilthead bream Chrysophrys aurata. Quantitative protein requirements. Mar. Biol. 18, 50
Sarbahi, D. S. (1951), Studies of the digestive tracts and the digestive enzymes of the goldfish Carassius auratus (Linn.) and the largemouth blackbass, Micropterus salmoides (Lacepede). Biol. Bull. mar. Biol. Lab., Woods Hole 100, 244
Satia, B.P. (1974), Quantitative protein requirements of rainbow trout. Prog. Fish Cult. 36, 80
Singh, C. S. and Bhanot, K.K. (1970), Nutritive food values of algal feeds for common carp, Cvprinus carpio (Linnaeus). J. Inland Fish Soc. India 2, 121
Stilwell, C.E. and Konler, N.E. (1982), Food, feeding habits, and estimates of daily ration of the shortfin mako (Isurus oxvrinchus) in the Northwest Atlantic. Can. J. Fish Ag. Sci. 39, 407
Stroganov, N.G. and Buzinova, N.S. (1969), Enzymatic activity of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) intestinal tract. II. Proteolytic enzymes. Chem. Abs. 72, 1078
Sumitra Vijayaraghavan, Royan, J.P. and Rao, T.S.S. (1982), Growth and food conversion efficiency in the fish Etrop/us suratensis in relation to different feeding levels. Indian J. Mar. Sci. II, 350
Swenson, W.A. and Smith, L. L. (1973), Gastric digestion, food consumption, feeding periodicity and food conversion efficiency in walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 30, 1327
Swenson, W.A. and Smith, L.L. (1976), Influence of food competition, predation and cannibalism on walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and sauger(S. canadense) populations in Lake of the Woods, Minnesota. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33, 1946
Tang, Y.A. and Hwang, T.L. (1966), Evaluation of the relative suitability of various groups of algae as food of milkfish produced in brackish water ponds. Proc. World Svmp. Warmwater Pond Fish Cult. 3, 365
Tyler, A.V. (1970), Rates of gastric emptying in the young cod. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 27, 1177
Tyler, A.V. and Dunn, R.S. (1976), Ration, growth, and measures of somatic and organ condition in relation to meal frequency in winter flounder, Pseudo-pleuronectes americanus, with hypothesis regarding population homeostasis. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 33, 63
Vallet, F., Berhant, J., Leray, C., Bennet, B. and Pie, C. (1970), Preliminary experiments on the artificial feeding of Mugilidae. Helgolander wiss. Meeresunters. 20, 610
Van Dyke, J.M. and Sutton, D.L. (1977), Digestion of duckweed (Lemna spp.) by the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). J. Fish. Biol. 11, 273
Vivekanandan, E. (1976), Effects of feeding on the swimming activity and growth of Ophiocephalus striatus. J. Fish Biol. 8, 321
Vivekanandan, E. (1977), Surfacing activity and food utilization in the obligatory air-breathing fish Ophiocephalus striatus as a function of body weight. Hydro-biologia 55, 99
Vivekanandan, E., Pandian, T.J. and Visalam, C.N. (1977), Effects of algal and animal food combinations on surfacing activity and food utilization in the climbing perch Anabas scandens. Polish Arch. Hydrobiol 24, 555
Wallace, J.C. (1973), Observations on the relationship between the food consumption and metabolic rate of Blennius pholis. L. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 45, 293
Walters, V. (1966), On the dynamics of filter feeding by the wavyback tuna (Euthvnnus affinis). Bull. Mar. Sci. 92, 245
Ware, D.M. (1972), Predation by rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri): the influence of hunger, prey density, and prey size. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can. 29, 1193
Warren, C.E. and Davies, G.E. (1967), Laboratory studies on the feeding bioenergetics and growth of fishes. In: Gerking, S.D. (ed.). The Biological Basis for Freshwater Fish Production, pp. 175–214, Oxford, Blackwell
Werner, E.E. and Hall, D.J. (1974), Optimal foraging and the size selection of prey by the bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus). Ecology 55, 1
Williamson, G. and Payne, W.J.A. (1980), An Introduction to Animal Husbandry in the Tropics, p. 755. London, Longman
Winberg, G.G. (1961), Rate of metabolism and food requirements of fishes. Belorussian State Univ., Minsk (Fish. Res. Bd Can. Trans. Ser. 1941)
Windell, J.T (1967). Rates of digestion in fishes. In: Gerking, S.D. (ed.). The Biological Basis for Freshwater Fish Production, pp. 151–73. Oxford, Blackwell
Yoklavich, M. (1981), Growth, food consumption and conversion efficiency of juvenile English sole(Parophrys vetulus). In: Cailliet, G.H. and Simenstad, C.A. (eds). Gutshop ‘81, pp. 97–105. Seattle, Washington Sea Grant Publication
Zeitoun, LH., Ullrey, D.E., Halver, J.E., Tack, P.K. and Magee, W.T. (1974), Influence of salinity on protein requirements of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts. J Fish. Res. Bd Can. 31, 1145
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1985 Peter Tytler and Peter Calow
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Pandian, T.J., Vivekanandan, E. (1985). Energetics of Feeding and Digestion. In: Tytler, P., Calow, P. (eds) Fish Energetics. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7918-8_4
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7918-8_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-011-7920-1
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-7918-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive