Abstract
Galileo radio-occultation measurements show that all four of the Galilean satellites possess ionospheres. Peak ionospheric densities for the icy satellites are several thousand electrons per cubic centimeter, and the distributions are not spherically symmetric. Io’s ionosphere is much denser and remarkably similar to that measured by Voyager.
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Kliore, A.J. (1998). Satellite Atmospheres and Magnetospheres. In: Andersen, J. (eds) Highlights of Astronomy. International Astronomical Union / Union Astronomique Internationale, vol 11B. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4778-1_138
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4778-1_138
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