Abstract
Atmospheric pollutants including acidic rain and ozone (O3), are widespread in the Southeastern United States. Acidic rain and O3 are known to suppress tree growth and crop yields. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of acidic rain and O3 on soil and plant secondary needle nutrients. Seedlings of loblolly pine, Family 24.4, (moderately sensitive to O3) were exposed to 5 levels of O3 (0, 80, 160, 240, and 320 ppb) and 3 simulated acidic rain (SAR) pH (3.3, 4.3, and 5.3) treatments for 11 weeks. Significant O3 effects on NO3; SAR effects on NO3, total N, Mg, K and PO4; and SAR × O3 interaction effects on NO3 were observed. Soil Ca was not significantly affected by any of the treatments. The P content in 2° needles was not significantly changed by O3. The Ca and Mg contents in secondary needles were significantly affected by O3 concentration with 25% and 24% decreases in content, respectively, as the O3 concentration increased from 160 to 320 ppb. Simulated acidic rain caused significant leaching or loss of soil NO3, PO4, K, and Mg.
Mention of a trademark, proprietary product, or vendor does not constitute a guarantee or warranty by the USD A, or the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service and does not imply approval of it to the exclusion of other products or vendors that also may be suitable.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrahamsen G, Bjor K, Horntvedt R and Tveite B 1976 Effects of acid precipitation on coniferous forest. In Impact of Acid Precipitation on Forest and Fresh Water Ecosystems in Norway. Ed. F H Brakke. pp. 36–63. SNSF-Project FR 6/76.
Abrahamsen G, Stuarnes A O and Tviete B 1983 Effects of long range transported air pollutants in Scandinavia. Water Qual. Bull. 8, 89.
Allison L E 1965 Organic carbon. In Methods of Soil Analysis. Eds. C A Black et al. Vol. II pp 1372. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Baath E, Berg B, Lohm V, Lundgren B, Lundvist H, Ross-wall T, Soderstom B and Wiren A 1980 Effects of experimental acidification and liming on soil organism and decomposition in a Scots Pine forest. Pedobiologia 20, 85–100.
Bache B 1980 The acidification of soils. In Effects of Acid Precipitation on Terrestrial Ecosystems. Eds. T C Hutchinson and M Haves. pp 183–202. Plenum Press, New York.
Binns W O and Redfern D B 1983 Acid rain and forest decline in West Germany. Forestry Commission Development Paper 131, 13 p.
Bitton G B G, Volk G, Graetz D A, Bossart J M, Boylan R A and Byers G E 1985 Effects of acid precipitation on microbial activity: Field studies. J. Environ. Qual. 14, 67–71.
Chapman H D 1965 Cation exchange capacity. In Methods of Soil Analysis Eds. C A Black et al. Vol. II. pp 894–896. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Day P R 1965 Particle fraction and particle-size analysis. In Methods of Soil analysis. Eds. C A Black et al. Vol. I. pp 545–567. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
David H A 1952 Upper 5 and 1% points of the maximum F-ratio. Biometrika 39, 422–424.
Francis A J, Olson D and Bernatsky R 1981 Microbial activity in acid and acidified forest soils. BNI 51397, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Uptown, New York.
Francis A J 1982 Effects of acid precipitation and acidity on soil microbial processes. Water Air Soil Pollut. 18, 375.
Heck W W, Adams R M, Cure W W, Heagle A S, Heggestad H E, Kohut R J, Kress L W, Rawlings J O and Taylor O C 1983 A reassessment of crop loss from ozone. Environ. Sci. Tech. 17, 573–581.
Heck W W, Philbeck R B and Dunning J A 1978 A continuous-stirred tank reactor (CSTR) system for exposing plants to gaseous air contaminants: Principles, specifications, construction, and operation. USDA. Agricultural Research Service ARS-S-181, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC. 32 p.
Hileman B 1983 1982-Stockholm conference on Acidification of the Environment. Environ. Sci. Tech. 17, 15A.
Kress L W, Skelly J M and Hinklemann J H 1982 Relative sensitivity of 18 full-sib families of Pinus taeda L. to ozone. Can. J. For. Res. 12, 203–209.
Likens G E, Bormann F H, Pierce R S, Eaton J S and Johnson N M 1977 Biogeochemistry of a forested ecosystem. Springer-Verlag, New York. 146 p.
McFee W W, Kelly J M and Beck R H 1977 Acid precipitation effects on soil pH and base saturation of exchange sites. Water Air Soil Pollut. 7, 401–408.
McFee W W 1980 Sensitivity of soil regions to long-term acid precipitation. In Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition. Eds. D S Shriner, C R Richmond and S E Lindberg. pp 495–506. Ann Arbor Science, MI.
McLaughlin S B 1985 Effects of air pollution on forests, a critical review. J. Air Pollut. Contr. Assn. 35, 512–534.
McLeod A R, Skeffington R A and Brown K A 1988 Effects of acid mist, ozone and environmental factors on conifers: Chamber and open-air studies. Cast Report. pp. 132–140.
Malliter A V and Raynal D J 1982 Acid Precipitation and ionic movements in Adirondeck Forest Soils. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 46, 137.
Malmer N 1976 Acid precipitation: Chemical changes in soil. Ambio 5, 231–235.
Neter J and Wasserman W 1974 Applied Linear Statistical Models. Richard D. Irwin Inc. Home wood, IL. pp 509–512.
Overrein L N 1972 Sulfur pollution pattern observed: Leaching of calcium in forest soil determined. Ambio 4, 145.
Rawlings J O 1988 Applied Regression Analysis: A Research Tool. Wadsworth and Brooks, Pacific Grove, CA. pp. 310–312.
Reich P B, Scholettle A W, Stroo H F and Amundson R G 1988 Effects of ozone and acid rain on white pine (Pinus strobus) seedlings grown in five soils. III. Nutrient relations. Can J. Bot. 66, 1517–1531.
Robarge W P and Fernandez I 1986 Quality Assurance Methods Manual for Laboratory Analytical Techniques, p 156. Forest Response Program., North Carolina Acid Deposition Program, Raleigh, NC.
Reuss J O 1980 Simulation of soil nutrient losses resulting from rainfall acidity. Ecological Modell 11, 15.
Schuman E E, Stanley M A and Knudsen D 1973 Automated total nitrogen analysis of soil and plant samples. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 37, 480–481.
Shafer S R and Heagle A S 1989 Growth responses of field grown loblolly pine to chronic dose of ozone during multiple growing seasons Can. J. Forest Res. 19, 821–831.
Skelly J M, Chevone B I and Yang Y S 1982 Effects of ambient concentrations of air pollutants on vegetation indigenous to the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. In Acid Rain: A Water Resources Issue for the 1980s Eds. R Hermann and A I Johnson. pp 69–73.
Sparks D L and Curtis C R 1983 An Assessment of acid rain on leaching of elements from Delaware soils into ground-water. College Agr. Sci., Univ. Delaware.
Strayer R F and Alexander M 1981. Effects of simulated acid rain on glucose mineralization and some physico-chemical properties of forest soils. J. Environ. Qual. 10, 460–465.
Strayer R F, Lin C J and Alexander M 1981 Effect of simulated acid rain on nitrification and nitrogen mineralization in forest soils. J. Environ. Qual. 10, 547–551.
Tamm C O 1977 Acid precipitation and forest soils. Water, Air, and Soil Pollut. 7, 367.
Tamm C O and Cowling E B 1977 Acid precipitation and forest vegetation. Water Air Soil Pollut. 7, 503–511.
Ulrich B, Mayer R and Khanna P K 1980 Chemical changes due to acid precipitation in a loss-derived soil in Central Europe. Soil Sci. 130, 193–199.
Wainwright M 1980 Effect of exposure to atmospheric pollution on microbial activity in soil. Plant and Soil 55, 199–204.
Wood T and Bormann F H 1977. Short-term effects of simulated acid rain upon the growth and nutrient relations of Pinus strobus L. Water Air Soil Pollut. 7, 479–488.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Reddy, G.B., Reinert, R.A., Eason, G. (1991). Effect of acid rain and ozone on soil and secondary needle nutrients of loblolly pine. In: Wright, R.J., Baligar, V.C., Murrmann, R.P. (eds) Plant-Soil Interactions at Low pH. Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences, vol 45. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3438-5_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3438-5_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5520-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3438-5
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive