Abstract
Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi have fundamental effects on the ecophysiology of nodulated legumes, on the biota of the surrounding soil and on associated non-legumes. The effects are seen to be mediated through the direct transfer of nutrients from plant to plant by live hyphae of the soil mycelium, and through improving the competitiveness of legumes in nutrient uptake. As envisioned, the main role of legumes, in the open source-sink system between associated plants and the soil biota, is that of a nitrogen source. The export of nitrogen may be balanced by flows of carbon and phosphorus from plant to plant along gradients of sink demand. Soil microbes are beneficiaries of inter-plant nutrient transport, utilizing exudates as well as the soil mycelium as substrates, while the products of microbial metabolism serve to aggregate the abiotic component of the soil. Thus, the tripartite legume association is seen to function not only as a self-contained system, but as one involved in nutrient fluxes between adjacent plants and the soil that surrounds its roots.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Abaido R C and van Kessel C 1989 15N-uptake, N2 fixation and rhizobial inter-strain competition in soybean and bean, intercropped with maize. Soil Biol. Biochem. 21, 155–159.
Abbott L K and Robson A D 1984a The effect of VA mycorrhizae on plant growth. In VA Mycorrhiza. Eds. L C Powell and D J Bagyaraj. pp 113–130. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Abbott L K and Robson A D 1984b Colonization of the root system of subterranean clover by three species of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 96, 275–281.
Allen E B and Allen M F 1989 The mediation of competition by mycorrhizae in successional and patchy environments. In Perspectives in Plant Competition. Eds. J B Grace and G D Tilman. Academic Press, London.
Ames R N, Mihara K L and Bayne H G 1989 Chitin-decomposing actinomycetes associated with a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus from a calcareous soil. New Phytol. 111, 67–71.
Ames R N 1989 Mycorrhiza development in onion in response to inoculation with chitin-decomposing actinomycetes. New Phytol. 112, 423–427.
Asai T 1944 Über die Mykorrhizenbildung der leguminösen Pflanzen. Jpn. J. Bot. 13, 463–485.
Bagyaraj D J 1984 Biological interactions with mycorrhizal fungi. In VA Mycorrhiza. Ed. G R Safir. pp 131–152. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Barea J M and Azcón-Aguilar C 1983 Mycorrhizas and their significance in nodulating nitrogen-fixing plants. Adv. Agron. 36, 1–54.
Barea J M, Azcón-Aguilar C and Azcón R 1987 Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza improve both symbiotic N2 fixation and N uptake from soil as assessed with a 15N technique under field conditions. New Phytol. 106, 717–725.
Barrion M and Habte M 1988 Interaction of Bradyrhizobium sp. with an antagonistic actinomycete in culture medium and in soil. Biol. Fertil. Soils 6, 306–310.
Bayne H G and Bethlenfalvay G J 1987 The Glycine-Glomus-Rhizobium symbiosis. IV. Interactions between the mycorrhizal and nitrogen-fixing endophytes. Plant Cell Environ. 10, 607–612.
Bayne H G, Brown M S and Bethlenfalvay G J 1984 Defoliation effects on mycorrhizal colonization, nitrogen fixation and photosynthesis in the Glycine-Glomus-Rhizobium symbiosis. Physiol Plant. 62, 576–580.
Bethlenfalvay G J, Brown M S and Stafford A E 1985a The Glycine-Glomus-Rhizobium symbiosis. II. Antagonistic effects between mycorrhizal colonization and nodulation. Plant Physiol. 79, 1054–1058.
Bethlenfalvay G J, Franson R L, Brown M S and Mihara K L 1989 The Glycine-Glomus-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. IX. Nutritional, morphological and physiological responses of nodulated soybean to geographic isolates of the mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. Physiol. Plant. 76, 226–232.
Bethlenfalvay G J, Ulrich J M and Brown M S 1985b Plant response to mycorrhizal fungi: Host, endophyte and soil effects. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 49, 1164–1168.
Brown M S and Bethlenfalvay G J 1987 The Glycine-Glomus-Rhizobium symbiosis. VI. Photosynthesis in nodulated, mycorrhizal, or N- and P-fertilized soybean plants. Plant Physiol. 85, 120–123.
Brown M S, Thamsurakul S and Bethlenfalvay G J 1988 The Glycine-Glomus-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. VIII. Phosphorus-use efficiency of CO2 and N2 fixation in mycorrhizal soybean. Physiol. Plant. 74, 159–163.
Bothe H, de Bruijn F J and W E Newton (Eds.) 1988 Nitrogen Fixation: Hundred Years Later. Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, 878 p.
Clough K S and Sutton J C 1978 Direct observation of fungal aggregates in sand dune soil. Can. J. Bot. 24, 333–335.
Curl E A and Truelove B 1986 The Rhizosphere. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 288 p.
Daft M J 1983 The influence of mixed inocula on endomycorrhizal development. Plant and Soil 71, 331–337.
Daft M J, Clelland D M and Gardner I C 1985 Symbiosis with endomycorrhizas and nitrogen-fixing organisms. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 89B, 283–298.
Dagoberto A, Bojórquez A, Ferrera-Cerrato R, Trinidad-Santos A and Volke-Haller V 1986 Fertilización e inoculatión con Rhizobium y endomycorrhizas (V-A) en garbanzo bianco (Cicer arietinum L.) en suelos del noroeste de Mexico. Agrociencia 65, 141–160.
Evans D G and Miller M H 1988 VA-mycorrhiza and the soil disturbance induced reduction of nutrient absorption in maize. New Phytol. 110, 67–75.
Fitter A H 1985 Functioning of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas under field conditions. New Phytol. 99, 257–265.
Focht D D and Martin J P 1979 Microbiological and biochemical aspects of semi-arid agricultural soils. In Agriculture in Semi-Arid Environments. Eds. A E Hall, G H Cannell and Lawton H W. pp 118–147. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
Francis C A (Ed.) 1986 Multiple Cropping Systems. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York, 383 p.
Francis R and Read D J 1984 Direct transfer of carbon between plants connected by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium. Nature 307, 53–56.
Frank A B 1885 Über die auf Wurzelsymbiose beruhende Ernahrung gewisser Bäume durch unterirdische Pilze. Ber. dtsch. Bot. Ges. 3, 128–145.
Gibbs M and Carlson C 1985 (Eds.) 1985. Crop Productivity — Research Imperatives Revisited, an international conference held at Boyne Highlands Inn, October 13–18.
Gianinazzi S, Gianinazzi-Pearson V and Trouvelot A (Eds.) 1982 Les Mycorrhizes, Partie Intégrante de la Plante: Biologie et Perspectives d’Utilisation. Les Colloques d’INRA, No. 13, Paris, 397 p.
Gupta V V S R and Germida J J 1988 Distribution of microbial biomass and its activity in different soil aggregate size classes as affected by cultivation. Soil Biol. Biochem. 20, 777–786.
Hall I R 1987 A review of VA mycorrhizal growth responses in pastures. Angew. Bot. 61, 127–134.
Hall I R 1984 Effect of inoculant mycorrhizal fungi on white clover growth in soil cores. J. Agric. Sci. 102, 719–723.
Harris R F, Chesters G and Allen O N 1966 Dynamics of soil aggregation. Adv. Agron. 18, 107–169.
Haynes R J 1980 Competitive aspects of the grass-legume association. Adv. Agron. 33, 227–261.
Hayman D S 1987 VA mycorrhizas in field crop systems. In Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants. Ed. G R Safir. pp 171–192. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Hayman D S 1982 Influence of soils and fertility on activity and survival of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Phytopathology 72, 1119–1123.
Hayman D S 1978 Endomycorrhizae. In Interactions between Non-Pathogenic Soil Microorganisms and Plants. Eds. Y R Dommergues and S V Krupa. pp 401–442. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co., Amsterdam.
Healy R G, Waddell T E and Cook K A 1986 Agriculture and Environment in a Changing World Economy. The Conservation Foundation, Washington, DC, 66 p.
Howeler R H, Sieverding E and Saif S 1987 Practical aspects of mycorrhizal technology in some tropical crops and pastures. Plant and Soil 100, 249–283.
Jones F R 1924 A mycorrhizal fungus in the roots of legumes and other plants. J. Agric. Res. 29, 459–470.
Krishna K R and Bagyaraj D J 1982 Interaction between a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus and Streptomyces cinnamomeus and their effects on finger millet. New Phytol. 93, 401–405.
Linderman R G 1988a VA (vesicular-arbuscular) mycorrhizal symbiosis. ISI Atlas of Science: Plants and Animals, Vol. 1, 1988, 183–188.
Linderman R G 1988b Mycorrhizal interactions with the rhizosphere microflora: the mycorrhizosphere effect. Phytopathology 78, 366–371.
Louis I and Lim G 1988 Differential growth and mycorrhizal colonization of soybean to inoculation with two isolates of Glomus clarum in soils of different P availability. Plant and Soil 112, 37–43.
Lynch J M and Bragg E 1985 Microorganisms and soil aggregate stability. Adv. Soil Sci. 2, 133–171.
Meyer J R and Linderman R G 1986 Selective influence on populations of rhizosphere or rhizoplane bacteria and actinomycetes by mycorrhizas formed by Glomus fasciculatum. Soil Biol. Biochem. 18, 191–196.
Morris D R and Weaver R W 1988 Competition for Nitrogen-15 depleted ammonium nitrate and nitrogen fixation in arrowleaf clover-gulf ryegrass mixtures. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 51, 115–119.
Mosse B 1986 Mycorrhiza in a sustainable agriculture. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 3, 191–209.
Mosse B 1981 Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza research for tropical agriculture. Res. Bui. 194. Hawaii Inst, of Trop. Agric. and Human Resources. Univ. of Hawaii, 82 p.
Mosse B 1977 The role of mycorrhiza in legume nutrition on marginal soils. In Exploiting the Legume-Rhizobium Symbiosis in Tropical Agriculture. Eds. J M Vincent, A S Whitney and J Bose. pp 275–292. Univ. College of Trop. Agric. Misc. Publ. 145, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
Mugnier J and Mosse B 1987 Spore germination and viability of a vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Glomus mosseae. Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 88, 411–413.
Newman E I 1988 Mycorrhizal links between plants: their functioning and ecological significance. Adv. Ecol. Res. 18, 243–270.
Newman E I and Ritz K 1986 Evidence on the pathways of phosphorus transfer between vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. New Phytol. 104, 77–87.
Oades J M 1984 Soil organic matter and structural stability: mechanisms and implications for management. In Biological Processes and Soil Fertility. Eds. J Tinsley and J F Darbyshire. pp 319–337. Martinus Nijhoff/Dr W. Junk Publishers, The Hague.
Paul E A and Clark F E 1988 Soil Microbiology and Biochemistry. pp 198–221. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Paul E A, Tinker P B and Bauer W D 1985 Rhizosphere dynamics. In Crop Productivity — Research Imperatives Revisited. Eds. M Gibbs and C Carlson, pp 152–176. An International Conference held at Boyne Highlands Inn, October 13–18, 1985.
Read D J and Birch C P D 1988 The effects and implications of disturbance of mycorrhizal mycelial systems. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh 94B, 13–24.
Reeves F B 1987 Mycorrhizal responsivenesss and ecology of VAM in arid and semiarid ecosystems. In Mycorrhizae in the Next Decade. Eds. D M Sylvia, L L Hung and J H Graham, pp 136–138. Proc 7th North Am. Conf. on Mycorrhizae, Univ. Florida, Gainesville.
Safir G R, ed. 1987 Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 224 p.
Sainz M J and Arines J 1988 Effect of indigenous and introduced vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on growth and phosphorus uptake of Trifolium pratense and on inorganic phosphorus fractions in a cambisol. Biol. Fert. Soils 6, 55–60.
Sheehy J E 1987 Photosynthesis and nitrogen fixation in legume plants. CRC Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 5, 121–159.
Smith S E and Gianinazzi-Pearson V 1988 Physiological interactions between symbionts in vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal plants. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 39, 221–244.
Sprent J 1986 Nitrogen fixation in sustainable agriculture. Biol. Agric. Hortic. 3, 153–165.
Stahl E 1900 Der Sinn der Mycorrhizenbildung. Jahrb. Wiss. Bot. 34, 540–668.
Sutton J C and Sheppard B R 1976 Aggregation of sand-dune soil by endomycorrhizal fungi. Can. J. Bot. 54, 326–333.
Thomas R S, Dakessian S, Ames R N, Brown M S and Bethlenfalvay G J 1986 Aggregation of a silty clay loam soil by mycorrhizal onion roots. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 50, 1494–1499.
Tisdall J M and Oades J M 1982 Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils. J. Soil Sci. 33, 141–163.
Trappe J M 1987 Phylogenetic and ecologic aspects of mycotrophy in the Angiosperms from an evolutionary standpoint. In Ecophysiology of VA Mycorrhizal Plants. Ed. G R Safir. pp 5–25. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.
Trappe J M, Molina R and Castellano M 1984. Reactions of mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhiza formation to pesticides. Ann. Rev. Phytopathol. 22, 331–359.
Trinick M J, Parker C A and Palmer M J 1983 Interaction of the microflora from nodulation problem and non-problem soils toward Rhizobium spp. on agar culture. Soil Biol. Biochem. 15, 295–301.
Van Kessel C and Roskoski J P 1988 Row spacing effects on N2-fixation, N-yield and soil N uptake of intercropped cowpea and maize. Plant and Soil 111, 17–23.
Van Kessel C, Singleton P W and Hoben H J 1985 Enhanced N-transfer from a soybean to maize by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi. Plant Physiol. 79, 562–563.
Weijman A C and Meuzelaar H L 1978 Biochemical contributions to the taxonomic status of the Endogonaceae. Can. J. Bot. 57, 284–291.
Wilcox J R (Ed.) 1987 Soybeans: Improvement, Production, and Uses, 2nd Edition. Am. Soc. Agron. Monograph No. 16, 888 p.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bethlenfalvay, G.J., Newton, W.E. (1991). Agro-ecological aspects of the mycorrhizal, nitrogen-fixing legume symbiosis. In: Keister, D.L., Cregan, P.B. (eds) The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth. Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3336-4_74
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3336-4_74
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5473-7
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3336-4
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive