Skip to main content

Formulation, delivery systems and marketing of biocontrol agents and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)

  • Chapter
The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth

Part of the book series: Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research ((BSAR,volume 14))

Abstract

From formulation through field evaluation and marketing, biological disease control agents and PGPR’s provide a special difficulty; they are alive. This fact dictates special consideration for both strain selection and how it will be prepared and packaged for the real world of agriculture. These inoculants must be produced, stored, delivered, and ultimately used by the grower. Therefore, the inoculants must be maintained at proper concentrations on a carrier over significant time periods. Upon delivery the carrier must also enable the inoculant to reproduce itself and colonize the target plant. Upon application, protection from environmental factors may also be required. Additionally, the product must be in a formulation that is compatible with the grower and his practices. These considerations must all be taken into account in order to develop a product that is not only efficacious and cost effective against chemicals with which it may compete, but also a product that will be used by the consumer. Approaches to successfully develop and deliver biopesticides and PGPR’s to the agricultural market will be discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Axtell R C and Guzman D R 1987 Encapsulation of the Mosquito Fungal Pathogen Lagenidium giganteum in calcium alginate. J Am Mosquito Control Association 3, 450–459.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bahme J B, Schroth M N, Van Gundy S D, Weinhold A R, Tolentine D M 1988 Effect of Inocula Delivery Systems on Rhizobacterial Colonization of Underground Organs of Potato. Phytopathology 78, 534–542.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Betz F, Rispin A and Schneider W 1987 Biotechnology Products Related to Agriculture. Overview of Regulatory Decisions at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. In ACS Symposium Series 334, pp 316–327, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowers R C 1982 Commercialization of Microbial Biological Control Agents. In Biological Control of Weeds with Plant Pathogens. Eds. R Charudattan and H L Walker, pp 157–173. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Breitenbeck G A, Boquet D, Griffin J, Hallmark W, Harville B, Hutchinson R and Millhollen E 1987 Comparison of Seed- and Soil-Applied Inoculants for Soybean Production, Louisiana Agriculture, pp 69–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carlton B C, 1989 Economic Considerations in Marketing and Application of Biocontrol Agents, Proceedings; UCLA Symposium, New Directions in Biological Control, Jan. 20–27, Frisco, Col., pp 419–434.

    Google Scholar 

  • Churchill B W 1982 Mass Production of Microorganisms for Biological Control. In Biological Control of Weeds with Plant Pathogens. Eds. R Charudattan and H L Walker, pp 139–156. John Wiley and Sons, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Connick W J, Lewis J A and Quimby P C 1989 Formulation of Biocontrol Agents to Reduce Plant Diseases and Weeds, Proceedings: UCLA Symposium, New Directions in Biological Control, Jan. 20–27, Frisco, Col., pp 345–372.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cook R J and Baker K F 1983 The Nature and Practice of Biological Control of Plant Pathogens. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, 539 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Currier T C, Skwara J E and Mclntyre J L 1988 The Development of a Pseudomonas fluorescens Product (Dagger™ G) for the Control of Pythium and Rhizoctonia on Cotton. In 1988 Proceedings: Beltwide Cotton Production Research Conferences, pp 18–19. National Cotton Council, Memphis, Tenn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dulmage H T 1981 Production of Bacteria for Biological Control of Insects. In Biological Control in Crop Production. Ed. G C Papavizas. pp 129–141. BARC Symposium 5. Allanheld and Osmun, Totowa, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman J 1989 Biotechnology Spawns Alternative Pesticides. Chemical Marketing Reporter 235 (24) 28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kenney D S and Couch T L 1981 Mass Production of Biological Agents for Plant Disease, Weed and Insect Control. In Biological Control in Crop Production. Ed. G C Papavizas. pp 143–150. BARC Symposium 5. Allanheld and Osmun, Totowa, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kommedahl T and Windels C E 1981 Introduction of Microbial Antagonists to Specific Courts of Infection: Seeds, Seedlings, and Wounds. In Biological Control in Crop Production. Ed. G C Papavizas. pp 227–248. BARC Symposium 5. Allanheld and Osmun, Totowa, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis J A and Papavizas G C 1987 Application of Tri-choderma and Gliocladium in alginate pellets for control of Rhizoctonia damping-off. Plant Pathol. 36, 438–446.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Marois J J, Fravel D R, Connick W J Jr., Walker H C, Quimby P C 1988 Preparation of Pellets Containing Fungi for Control of Soilborne Diseases. U.S. Patent 4, 724, 147.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrison J, 1989 Biological Control: Turns 100 This Year. Agricultural Research. U.S.D.A., ARS 37, 4–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newsom L D, Smith R F and Whitcomb W H 1976 Selective Pesticides and Selective Use of Pesticides. In Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Eds. C B Huffaker and P S Messenger, pp 565–591. Academic Press, Inc. New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papavizas G C and Lewis J A 1981 Introduction and Augmentation of Microbial Antagonists for Control of Soilborne Plant Pathogens. In Biological Control in Crop Production. Ed. G C Papavizas. pp 305–322. BARC Symposium 5. Allanheld and Osmun, Totowa, NJ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Papavizas G C, Fravel D R, Lewis J A 1987 Proliferation of Talaromyces flavus in Soil and Survival in Alginate Pellets. Phytopathology 77, 131–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paau A S 1988 Formulations Useful in Applying Beneficial Microorganisms to Seeds, Trends Biotechnol 6, 276–279.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paau A S 1989 Improvement of Rhizobium Inoculants, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55, 862–865.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Paau A S and Mclntyre J L 1987 Development of PGPR Inoculants: Challenges and Priorities, The First International Workshop on Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria: Proceedings, 44 p.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowe G E and Margaritis A 1987 Bioprocess Developments in the Production of Bioinsecticides by Bacillus thuring-iensis. CRC Crit. Rev. Biotechnol. 6, 87–107.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tantillo L 1989 The Growing Field of Biopesticides. ChemicalWeek 144, 46–47.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiser J, Bucher G E and Poinar G O Jr. 1976 Host Relationships and Utility of Pathogens. In Theory and Practice of Biological Control. Eds. C B Huffaker and P S Messenger, pp 169–185. Academic Press, Inc., New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Yap H H 1987 Microbial Insecticides in Aquatic Environments: Factors Affecting Efficacy in the Field. Technical Bulletin, Food and Fertilizer Technology Center, Taiwan 104, ii + 8 pp.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McIntyre, J.L., Press, L.S. (1991). Formulation, delivery systems and marketing of biocontrol agents and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). In: Keister, D.L., Cregan, P.B. (eds) The Rhizosphere and Plant Growth. Beltsville Symposia in Agricultural Research, vol 14. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3336-4_56

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3336-4_56

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-5473-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-011-3336-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics