Abstract
There are over 3000 reported parasitic and phoretic associations between nematodes and insects, with less than ten involving phytoparasitic nematodes (Poinar, 1975). Nematodes are aquatic metazoans with very limited powers of dispersion. They are greatly benefited by a synchronized association with an insect host for increased mobility and protection during travel to an insect’s breeding or feeding sites.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University (1976) Hortus Third: A Concise Dictionary of Plants Cultivated in the United States and Canada, Macmillan, New York.
Baujard, P. (1980) Trois espèces nouvelles de Bursaphelenchus et remarques sur le genre. Revue de Nématologie, 3, 167–77.
Baujard, P. (1989) Remarques sur les genres des sous-familles Bursaphelenchina Paramonov, 1964 et Rhadinaphelenchinae Paramonov, 1964 (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). Revue de Nématologie, 12, 323–4.
Bergdahl, D.R. (1988) Impact of pinewood nematode in North America: Present and future. Journal of Nematology, 20, 260–5.
Blair, G.P. (1964) Red ring disease of the coconut palm. Journal of Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago, 64, 31–49.
Blair, G.P. (1969) Studies of red ring disease of coconut palm. Proceedings of the Symposium on Tropical Nematology, 1967, University of Puerto Rico, pp.89–106.
Blair, G.P. and Darling, H.M. (1968) Red ring disease of the coconut palm, inoculation studies and histopathology. Nematologica, 14, 395–403.
Bolla, R.I. and Jordan, W. (1982) Cultivation of the pine wilt nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in axenic culture media. Journal of Nematology, 14, 377–81.
Bolla, R.I., Winter, R.E.K., Fitzsimmons, K. and Linit, M.J. (1986) Pathotypes of the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Journal of Nematology, 18, 230–8.
Bolla, R.I., Fitzsimmons, K. and Winter, R.E.K. (1987) Carbohydrate concentration in pine as affected by inoculation with Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Journal of Nematology, 19, 51–7.
Bolla, R.I., Kozlowski, P. and Fitzsimmons, K. (1988) Carbohydrate catabolism in populations of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus and in B. mucronatus. Journal of Nematology, 20, 252–9.
Candia, J.D. and Simmonds, F.J. (1965) A tachinid parasite of the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum. Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control, Technical Bulletin No. 5, pp. 127–8.
Chinchilla, C. (1988) El Sindrome del anillo rojo-hoja pequeña en palma aceitera y cocotero. Boletin Technico, 2, 113–36.
Chinchilla, C, MenjÃvar, R. and Arias, E. (1990) Picudo de la palma y enfermedad del anillo rojo/hoja pequeña en una plantación comercial en Honduras. Turrialba, 40, 471–7.
Cobb, N.A. (1919) A newly discovered nematode (Aphelenchus cocophilus, n. sp.) connected with a serious disease of the coco-nut palm. West Indies Bulletin, 17, 203–10.
Currie, G.A. (1937) Galls on Eucalyptus trees: A new type of association between flies and nematodes. Linnean Society of New South Wales, 62, 147–74.
Dean, C.G. (1979) Red ring disease of Cocos nucifera L. caused by Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb, 1919) Goodey, 1960. An annotated bibliography and review. Technical Communication No. 47 of Commonwealth Inst. Helminthol., 70 pp.
Defoliart, G. (1990) Hypothesizing about palm weevil and palm rhinoceros beetle larvae as traditional cuisine, tropical waste recycling, and pest and disease control on coconut and other palms: Can they be integrated? Food Insects Newsletter, 3, 1–6.
Dwinell, D.L. (1990) Heat-treating and drying southern pine lumber infested with pinewood nematodes. Forest Products Journal, 40, 53–6.
Farr, D.F., Bills, G.F., Chamuris, G.P. and Rossman, A.Y. (1989) Fungi on Plants and Plant Products in the United States, APS Press, St Paul, Minnesota, 1252 pp.
Fisher, J.M. and Nickle, W.R. (1968) On the classification and life history of Fergusobia curriei (Sphaerulariidae: Nematoda). Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 35, 40–6.
Frank, S.A. (1984) The behavior and morphology of the fig wasps Pegoscapus assuetes and P. jimenezi: Descriptions and suggested behavioral characters for phylogenetic studies. Psyche, 91, 289–308.
Futai, K. (1980) Developmental rate and population growth of Bursaphelenchus lignicolus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) and B. mucronatus. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 15, 115–22.
Gerber, K. and Giblin-Davis, R.M. (1990a) Association of the red ring nematode, Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus, and other nematode species with Rhynchophorus palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Nematology, 22, 143–9.
Gerber, K. and Giblin-Davis, R.M. (1990b) Teratorhabditis palmarum n. sp. (Nemata: Rhabditidae): An associate of Rhynchophorus palmarum and R. cruentatus. Journal of Nematology, 22, 337–47.
Gerber, K., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Griffith, R., Escobar-Goyes, J. and D’Ascoli Cartaya, A. (1989) Morphometric comparisons of geographic and host isolates of the red ring nematode, Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus. Nematropica, 19, 151–9.
Gerber, K., Giblin-Davis, R.M. and Escobar-Goyes, J. (1990) Association of the red ring nematode, Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus, with weevils from Ecuador and Trinidad. Nematropica, 20, 39–49.
Giblin, R.M. (1985) Association of Bursaphelenchus sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) with nitidulid beetles (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae). Revue de Nématologie, 8, 369–75.
Giblin, R.M. (1987) Culture of nematode associates and parasites of insects, in Vistas on Nematology (eds J. Veech and D.W. Dickson), Society of Nematologists, Hyattsville, pp. 408–13.
Giblin-Davis, R.M. (1991) The potential for introduction and establishment of the red ring nematode in Florida. Principes, 35, 147–53.
Giblin, R.M. and Kaya, H.K. (1984) Host, temperature, and media additive effects on the growth of Bursaphelenchus seani. Revue de Nématologie, 7, 13–17.
Giblin-Davis, R. M., Gerber, K. and Griffith, R. (1989a) In vivo and in vitro culture of the red ring nematode, Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus. Nematropica, 19, 135–42.
Giblin-Davis, R.M., Gerber, K. and Griffith, R. (1989b) Laboratory rearing of Rhynchophorus cruentatus and R. palmarum (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Florida Entomologist, 72, 480–8.
Giblin-Davis, R.M., Mundo-Ocampo, M., Baldwin, J.G., Gerber, K. and Griffith, R. (1989c) Observations on the morphology of the red ring nematode, Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus. Revue de Nématologie, 12, 285–92.
Goberdhan, L.C. (1964) Observations on coconut palms artificially infested by the nematode Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb, 1919) Goodey, 1960. Journal of Helminthology, 38, 25–30.
Goodey, J.B. (1960) Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus (Cobb, 1919) n. comb., the nematode associated with ‘red-ring’ disease of coconut. Nematologica, 5, 98–102.
Gopinadhan, P.B., Mohandas, N. and Vasudevan, K.P. (1990) Cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus infecting redpalm weevil of coconut. Current Science, 59, 577–80.
Griffith, R. (1968) The mechanism of transmission of the red ring nematode. Journal of the Agricultural Society of Trinidad and Tobago, 68, 437–57.
Griffith, R. (1987) Red ring disease of coconut palm. Plant Disease, 71, 193–6.
Griffith, R. and Koshy, P.K. (1990) Nematode parasites of coconut and other palms, in Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Subtropical and Tropical Agriculture (eds M. Luc, R.A. Sikora and J. Bridge), CAB International, Wallingford, pp. 363–86.
Guiran, G. de and Bruguier, N. (1989) Hybridization and phylogeny of the pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus spp.). Nematologica, 35, 321–30.
Guiran, G. de, Lee, M.J., Dalmasso, A. and Bongiovonni, M. (1985) Preliminary attempt to differentiate pinewood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus spp.) by enzyme electrophoresis. Revue de Nématologie, 8, 88–9.
Hagley, E.A.C. (1963) The role of the palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum, as a vector of red ring disease of coconuts. I. Results of preliminary investigations. Journal of Economic Entomology, 56, 375–80.
Hagley, E.A.C. (1964) Role of insects as vectors of red ring disease. Nature, 204, 905–6.
Hinode, Y., Shuto, Y. and Watanabe, H. (1987) Stimulating effects of ß-myrcene on molting and multiplication of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 51, 1393–6.
Hoof, H.A. van and Seinhorst, J.W. (1962) Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus associated with little leaf of coconut and oil palm. Tijdschrift over Plantenziekten, 68, 251–6.
Humphrey, S.J. and Linit, M.J. (1989a) Tethered flight of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) with respect to beetle age and sex. Environmental Entomology, 18, 124–6.
Humphrey, S.J. and Linit, M.J. (1989b) Effect of nematode density on tethered flight of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Environmental Entomology, 18, 670–3.
Ishibashi, N. and Kondo, E. (1977) Occurrence and survival of the dispersal forms of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus Mamiya and Kiyohara. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 12, 293–302.
Ishibashi, N., Aoyagi, M. and Kondo, E. (1978) Comparison of the gonad development between the propagative and dispersal forms of pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus (Aphelenchoididae). Japanese Journal of Nematology, 8, 28–31.
Ishikawa, M., Shuto, Y. and Watanabe, H. (1986) ß-myrcene, a potent attractant component of pine wood for the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 50, 1863–6.
Ishikawa, M., Kaneko, A., Kashiwa, T. and Watanabe, H. (1987) Participation of ß-myrcene in the susceptibility and/or resistance of pine trees to the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 51, 3187–91.
Kinn, D.N. (1986) Heat-treating wood chips: A possible solution to pinewood nematode contamination. Tappi, 69, 97–8.
Kiyohara, T. (1984) Pine wilt resistance induced by prior inoculation with avirulent isolate of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, in Proceedings of the United States-Japan Seminar: The Resistance Mechanisms of Pines Against Pine Wilt Disease (ed. V. Dropkin), National Science Foundation, Washington DC, pp. 178–84.
Kiyohara, T. and Bolla, R.I. (1990) Pathogenic variability among populations of the pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Forest Science, 36, 1061–76.
Kobayashi, T. (1987) Microorganisms associated with the pine wood nematode in Japan, in Pathogenicity of the Pine Wood Nematode (ed. M.J. Wingfield), APS Press, St Paul, pp. 91–101.
Kobayashi, F., Yamane, A. and Ikeda, T. (1984) The Japanese pine sawyer beetle as the vector of pine wilt disease. Annual Review of Entomology, 29, 115–35.
Kondo, E. and Ishibashi, N. (1978) Ultrastructural differences between the propagative and dispersal forms in pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus, with reference to the survival. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 13, 1–11.
Kraaijenga, D.A. and Ouden, H. den. (1966) ‘Red ring’ disease in Surinam. Tijdschrift over Plantenziekten, 72, 20–7.
Linit, M.J. (1988) Nematode-vector relationships in the pine wilt disease system. Journal of Nematology, 20, 227–35.
Linit, M.J., Kondo, E. and Smith, M.T. (1983) Insects associated with the pine-wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), in Missouri. Environmental Entomology, 12, 467–70.
Maas, P.W. Th. (1970) Contamination of the palm weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) with the red ring nematode (Rhadinaphelenchus cocophilus) in Surinam. Nematologica, 16, 429–33.
Mamiya, Y. (1975) The life history of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus lignicolus. Japanese Journal of Nematology, 5, 16–25.
Mamiya, Y. (1984) The pine wood nematode, in Plant and Insect Nematodes (ed. W.R. Nickle), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 589–626.
Mamiya, Y. (1990) Effects of fatty acids added to media on the population growth of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 25, 299–309.
Mamiya, Y. and Enda, N. (1979) Bursaphelenchus mucronatus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from pine wood and its biology and pathogenicity to pine trees. Nematologica, 25, 353–61.
Mamiya, Y. and Furukawa, M. (1977) Fecundity and reproductive rate of Bursaphelenchus lignicolus. Japanese Journal of Nematology, 7, 6–9.
Mamiya, Y. and Kiyohara, T. (1972) Description of Bursaphelenchus lignicolus n. sp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from pine wood and histopathology of nematode-infested trees. Nematologica, 18, 120–4.
Mamiya, Y., Ikeda, T. and Shoji, T. (1989) Inoculation of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, to Pinus densiflora shoot cuttings treated with benzoic acid. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 55, 303–8.
Matsumori, M., Izumi, S. and Watanabe, H. (1989) Hormone-like action of 3-octanol and 1-octen-3-ol from Botrytis cinerea on the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 53, 1777–81.
Morales, J.L. and Chinchilla, C. (1990) Picudo de la palma y enfermedad del anillo rojo/hoja pequeña en una plantación comercial en Costa Rica. Turrialba, 40, 478–85.
Myers, R.F. (1988) Pathogenesis in pine wilt caused by pinewood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Journal of Nematology, 20, 236–44.
Nickle, W.R. (1970) A taxonomic review of the genera of the Aphelenchoidea (Fuchs, 1937) Thorne, 1949 (Nematoda: Tylenchida). Journal of Nematology, 2, 375–92.
Nickle, W.R., Golden, A.M., Mamiya, Y. and Wergin, W.P. (1981) On the taxonomy and morphology of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner & Buhrer 1934) Nickle 1970. Journal of Nematology, 13, 385–92.
Odani, K., Yamamoto, N., Nishiyama, Y. and Sasaki, S. (1984) Action of nematodes in the development of pine wilt disease, in Proceedings of the United States-Japan Seminar: The Resistance Mechanisms of Pines Against Pine Wilt Disease (ed. V. Dropkin), National Science Foundation, Washington DC, pp. 128–40.
Oku, H. (1988) Role of phytotoxins in pine wilt disease. Journal of Nematology, 20, 245–51.
Pershing, J.C. and Linit, M.J. (1986) Biology of Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) on scotch pine in Missouri. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 59, 706–11.
Poinar, G.O., Jr (1975) Entomogenous Nematodes, E.J. Brill, Leiden, 317 pp.
Remillet, M. and Laumond, C. (1991) Sphaerularioid nematodes of importance in agriculture, in Plant and Insect Nematodes (ed. W.R. Nickle), Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 967–1024.
Riddle, D.L. and Georgi, L.L. (1990) Advances in research on Caenorhabditis elegans: Application to plant parasitic nematodes. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 28, 247–69.
Rochat, D. (1987) Etude de la communication chimique chez un coleoptere curculionidae: Rhynchophorus palmarum L., M.Sc. thesis. Universite Paris VI, Institut National Agronomique, 30 pp.
Rochat, D., Malosse, C., Lettere, M., Ducrot, P.-H., Zagatti, P., Renou, M. and Descoins, C. (1991) Male-produced aggregation pheromone of the American palm weevil, Rhynchophorus palmarum L. (Coleoptera, Curculionidae): Collection, identification, electrophysiological activity, and laboratory bioassay. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 17, 2127–40.
Rühm, W. (1956) Die Nematoden der Ipiden. Parasitologische Schriftenreihe, 6, 1–437.
Rutherford, T.A., Mamiya, Y. and Webster, J.M. (1990) Nematode-induced pine wilt disease: Factors influencing its occurrence and distribution. Forest Science, 36, 145–55.
Salazar, F.L. and Chinchilla, C. (1989) Caracterizacion morpfometrica de cuatro poblaciones de Rhadinaphelenchus spp. obtenidas de Cocos nucifera y Elaeis guineensis. Nematropica, 19, 18.
Schauer-Blume, M. (1990) Preliminary investigations on pathogenicity of European Bursaphelenchus species in comparison to Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from Japan. Revue de Nématologie, 13, 191–5.
Schuiling, M. and Dinther, J.B.M. van (1981) ‘Red ring disease’ in the Paricatuba oilpalm estate. Para, Brazil. Zeitschrift für angewandte Entomologie, 91, 154–61.
Shaheen, F., Winter, R.E.K, and Bolla, R.I. (1984) Phytotoxin production in Bursaphelenchus xylophilus-iniested Pinus sylvestris. Journal of Nematology, 16, 57–61.
Shuto, Y. and Watanabe, H. (1988) Stimulating effect of ethanol on oviposition of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, 52, 2927–8.
Siddiqi, M.R. (1986) A review of the nematode genus Fergusobia Currie (Hexatylina) with descriptions of F. jambophila n. sp. and F. magna n. sp., in Plant Parasitic Nematodes of India: Problems and Progress (eds G. Swarup and D.R. Dasgupta), Indian Agricultural Research Institute, India, pp. 264–78.
Steiner, G. and Buhrer, E.M. (1934) Aphelenchoides xylophilus, n. sp., a nematode associated with blue-stain and other fungi in timber. Journal of Agricultural Research, 48, 949–51.
Togashi, K. (1985) Transmission curves of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) from its vector, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), to pine trees with reference to population performance. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 20, 246–51.
Togashi, K. (1989) Factors affecting the number of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae) carried by newly emerged adults of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 24, 379–86.
Togashi, K. (1990) Change in activity of adult Monochamus alternatus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in relation to age. Applied Entomology and Zoology, 25, 153–9.
Togashi, K. and Sekizura, H. (1982) Influence of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Nematoda: Aphelenchoididae), on longevity of its vector, Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Applied Entomology and Zoology, 17, 160–5.
Tomlinson, P.B. (1990) Structural Biology of Palms, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Vovlas, N., Inserra, R.N. and Greco, N. (1992) Schistonchus caprifici parasitizing caprifig (Ficus carica sylvestris) florets and the relationship with its vector fig wasp (Blastophaga psenes). Nematologica, 38, 215–26.
Walsh,. K.D. and Linit, M J. (1985) Oviposition biology of the pine sawyer, Monochamus carolinensis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 78, 81–5.
Wattanapongsiri, A. (1966) A revision of the genera Rhynchophorus and Dynamis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Department of Agriculture Science Bulletin 1, Department of Agriculture, Bangkok, Thailand, 1–328.
Webster, J.M., Anderson, R.V., Baillie, D.L., Beckenbach, K., Curran, J. and Rutherford, T.A. (1990) DNA probes for differentiating isolates of the pinewood nematode species complex. Revue de Nématologie, 13, 255–63.
Weissling, T.J., Giblin-Davis, R.M., Scheffrahn, R.H. and Marban, M.N. (1992) A trap for quantifying adult Rhynchophorus cruentatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) response to semiochemicals. Florida Entomologist, 75, 212–21.
Wingfield, M.J. (1987) A comparison of the mycophagous and the phytophagous phases of the pine wood nematode, in Pathogenicity of the Pine Wood Nematode (ed. M.J. Wingfield), APS Press, St Paul, pp. 81–90.
Wingfield, M.J., Blanchette, R.A. and Robbins, K. (1982) Association of pine wood nematode with stressed trees in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Plant Disease, 66, 934–7.
Wingfield, M J., Blanchette, A. and Kondo, E. (1983) Comparison of the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus from pine and balsam fir. European Journal of Forest Pathology, 13, 360–72.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Giblin-Davis, R.M. (1993). Interactions of nematodes with insects. In: Khan, M.W. (eds) Nematode Interactions. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1488-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1488-2_15
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-4653-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-011-1488-2
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive