Skip to main content

Direct Surface Force Measurement Techniques

  • Conference paper
Electrostatic Effects in Soft Matter and Biophysics

Part of the book series: NATO Science Series ((NAII,volume 46))

Abstract

Techniques for the direct measurement of interactions between two bodies as a function of the distance of separation of their surfaces are reviewed. These include methods based on osmotic equilibria, force measurement devices using macroscopic solid surfaces (surface force balances, surface force apparatus, atomic force microscope, etc), and force measurement techniques on individual freely moving particles (total internal reflection microscopy, etc). The advantages and limitations of each of the techniques are discussed and illustrative results are presented.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Israelachvili, J.N. Intermolecular and surface forces. With Applications to colloidal and biological systems. Academic Press, London, 1985.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Barclay, L.M. & Ottewill, R.H. Spec. Discuss. Faraday Soc. 1, 138–147 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Hachisu, S. & Kobayashi, Y. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 46, 470–476 (1974).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Parsegian, V.A., Rand, R.P. & Fuller, N.L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 76, 2750–2754 (1979).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Horkay, F., Nagy, M. & Zrinyi, M. Acta Chim. Acad. Sci. Hung. 103, 387–395 (1980).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Rohrsetzer, S., Kovács, P. & Nagy, M. Colloid Polym. Sci. 264, 812–816 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  7. Parsegian, V.A., Rand, R.P., Fuller, N.L. & Rau, D.C. Methods in Enzymology, Biomembranes, Part O, Academic Press (L. Packer, Ed.), Vol. 127, 400–416 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Goodwin, J.W., Ottewill, R.H. & Parentich, A. Colloid Polym. Sci. 268, 1131–1140 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bonnet-Gonnet, C, Belloni, L. & Cabane, B. Langmuir 10, 4012–4021 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Klein, R. in Light Scattering, Principles and Development, Oxford University Press (W. Brown, Ed.), chap. 2, 1996.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Belloni, L. J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 12, R549–R587 (2000).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Reus, V., Belloni, L., Zemb, T., Lutterbach, N. & Versmold, H. J. Phys. II France 7, 603–626 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Le Neveu, D.M., Rand, R.P. & Parsegian, V.A. Nature (London) 259, 601–603 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Le Neveu, D.M., Rand, R.P., Gingell, D. & Parsegian, V.A. Biophys. J. 18, 209–230 (1977).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Cowley, A.C., Puller, N.L., Rand, R.P. & Parsegian, V.A. Biochemistry 17, 3163–3168 (1979).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Lis, L.S., Parsegian, V.A. & Rand, R.P. Biochemistry 20, 1771–1777 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Rand, R.P. Annu. Rev. Biophys. Bioeng. 10, 277–314 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Rau, D.C., Lee, B. & Parsegian, V.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 81, 2621–2625 (1984)

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. Rau, D.C. & Parsegian, V.A. Science 249, 1278–1281 (1990).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Parsegian, V.A., Rand, R.P. & Fuller, N.L. J. Phys. Chem. 95, 4777–4782 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Dubois, M., Zemb, T., Belloni, L., Delville, A., Levitz, P. & Setton, R. J. Chem. Phys. 96, 2278–2286 (1992).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Chang, J., Lesieur, P. Delsanti, M., Belloni, L., Bonnet-Gonnet, C. & Cabane, B. J. Phys. Chem. 99, 15993–16001 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Spalla, O., Nabavi, M., Minier, J. & Cabane, B. Colloid Polym. Sci. 274, 555–567 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Peyre, V., Spalla, O., Belloni, L. & Nabavi, M. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 187, 184–200 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Vérétout, F., Délaye, M. & Tardieu, A. J. Mol. Biol. 205, 713–728 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Wexlwe, A. “Humidity and Moisture: Measurement and Control in Science and Industry. “ Reinhold, New York (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Piazza, R., Bellini, T. & Degiorgio, V. Phys. Rev. Lett. 71, 4267–4270 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. El-Aasser, M.S. & Robertson, A.A. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 36, 87–93 (1971).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ilekti, P., Ph.D Thesis, Université Paris VI (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Vold, R.D. & Groot, R.G. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 19, 384–398 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Sonneville-Aubrun, O., Bergeron, V., Gulik-Krzywicki, T., Jönsson, B., Wenner-ström, H., Lindner, P. & Cabane, B. Langmuir 16, 1566–1579 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Chan, D.Y.C, & Horn, R.G. J. Chem. Phys. 83, 5311–5324 (1985).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Attard, P., Schulz, J.C. & Rutland, M.W. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69, 3852–3866 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Overbeek, J.Th. & Sparnaay, M.J. Disc. Faraday Soc. 18, 12–24 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Derjaguin, B.V., Titijevskaia, A.S., Abricossova, I.I. & Malkina, A.D. Disc. Faraday Soc. 18, 24–41 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Derjaguin, B.V., Abrikosova, I.I. & Leib, E. Vestnik AN SSSR 6, 125 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Derjaguin, B.V. & Abrikosova, I.I. Zhurn. eksper. teoret. Fisiki 21, 945 (1951); 30, 999 (1956); Doklady AN SSSR 90, 1055 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Derjaguin, B.V., Rabinovich, Y.I. & Churaev, N.V. Nature 265, 520–521 (1977); 272, 313-318 (1978).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  39. Rabinovich, Y.I., Derjaguin, B.V. & Churaev, N.V. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 16, 63–78 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Voropaeva, T.N., Derjaguin, B.V. & Kabanov, E.N. in Research in Surface Forces, Consultants Bureau, New York (1963), pp. 116–119.

    Google Scholar 

  41. Knapschinsky, L., Katz, W., Ehmke, B. & Sonntag, H. Colloid Polym. Sci. 260, 1153–1156 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Götze, Th., Sonntag, H. & Rabinovich, Y. Colloid Polym. Sci. 265, 134–138 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Götze, Th. & Sonntag, H. Colloid Surf. 31, 181–201 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Peschel, G.P. & Belouschek, P. Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci. 60, 108–119 (1976).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Peschel, G.P., Belouschek, P., Müller, M.M, Müller, M.R. & König, R. Colloid Polym. Sci. 260, 444–451 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Belouschek, P. & Maier, S. Prog. Colloid Polym. Sci. 72, 43–50 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Tabor, D. & Winterton, R.H.S. Nature 219, 1120–1121 (1968); Proc. Roy. Soc. A 312, 435-450 (1969).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  48. Israelachvili, J.N. & Adams, G.E. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1 74, 975–1001 (1978).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Israelachvili, J.N. & McGuiggan, P.M. J. Mater. Res. 5, 2223–2243 (1990).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  50. Parker, J.L., Christenson, H.K. & Ninham, B.W. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 60, 3135–3138 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  51. Klein, J. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I 79, 99–118 (1983).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Van Alsten, J. & Granick, S. Phys. Rev. Lett. 61, 2570–2573 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  53. Quon, R.A., Levins, J.M. & Vanderlick, T.K. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 171, 474–482 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Gauthier-Manuel, B. & Gallinet, J.-P. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 175, 476–483 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Grünewald, T. & Helm, CA. Langmuir 12, 3885–3890 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Prantz, P., Agrait, N. & Salmeron, M. Langmuir 12, 3289–3294 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Kékicheff, P., Iss, J., Courtier, F., Finck, F., Friedmann, P. & Lambour, C. in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

  58. Israelachvili, J.N. & Tabor, D. Proc. Roy. Soc. A 331, 19–38 (1972).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  59. Horn, R.G., Smith, D.T. & Haller, W. Chem. Phys. Lett. 162, 404–408 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  60. Antelmi, D.A., Kékicheff, P. & Richetti, P. J. Phys. II France 5, 103–112 (1995); Langmuir 15, 7774-7788 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  61. Horn, R.G., Clarke, D.R. & Clarkson, M.T. J. Mater. Res. 3, 413–416 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  62. Ducker, W.A., Xu, Z., Clarke, D.R. & Israelachvili, J.N. J. Am. Cerarti. Soc. 77, 437–443 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  63. Pashley, R.M. & Israelachvili, J.N. Colloids Surf. 2, 169–187 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Marra, J. & Israelachvili, J.N. Biochemistry 24, 4608–4618 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Smith, C.P., Maeda, M., Atanasoska, L., White, H.S. & McClure, D.J. J. Phys. Chem. 92, 199–205 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Parker, J.L., Cho, D.L. & Claesson, P.M. J. Phys. Chem. 93, 6121–6125 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  67. Kékicheff, P., Richetti, P. & Christenson, H.K. Langmuir 7, 1874–1879 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Freyssingeas, E., Antelmi, D., Kékicheff, P., Richetti, P. & Bellocq, A.-M. Eur. Phys. J. B 9, 123–136 (1999).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  69. Derjaguin, B.V. Kolloid-Z. 69, 155–164 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Attard, P. & Parker, J.L. J. Phys. Chem. 96, 5086–5093 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Richetti, P., Kékicheff, P. & Barois, P. J. Phys. II France 5, 1129–1154 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Tolansky, S. Multiple-Beam Interferometry of Surfaces and Films, Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1948.

    Google Scholar 

  73. Israelachvili, J.N. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 44, 259–272 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Horn, R.G. & Smith, D.T. Appl. Opt. 30, 59–65 (1991).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  75. Clarkson, M.T. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 22, 475–482 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  76. Levins, J.M. & Vanderlick, T.K. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 158, 223–227 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Rabinowitz, P. J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 1593 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  78. Mächtle, P., Müller, C. & Helm, CA. J. Phys. II France 4, 481–500 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Farrell, B., Bailey, A.I. & Chapman, D. Appl. Opt. 34, 2914–2920 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  80. Kékicheff, P. & Spalla, O. Langmuir 10, 1584–1591 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Stewart, A.M. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 170, 287–289 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  82. Christenson, H.K. & Claesson, P.M. Science 239, 390–392 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  83. Horn, R.G. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 778, 224–228 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Christenson, H.K. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 104, 234–249 (1985).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Kühl, T., Ruths, M., Chen, Y.L. & Israelachvili, J.N. J. Heart Valve Dis. 3, S117–S127 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Parker, J.L. & Attard, P. J. Phys. Chem. 96, 10398–10405 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Attard, P. & Parker, J.L. Phys. Rev. A 46, 7959–7971 (1992).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  88. Maugis, D. & Gauthier-Manuel, B. J. Adhesion Sci. Technol. 8, 1311–1322 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  89. Horn, R.G., Israelachvili, J.N. & Pribac, F. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 115, 480–492 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Stewart, A.M. & Christenson, H.K. Meas. Sci. Technol. 1, 1301–1303 (1990).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  91. Christenson, H.K. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 121, 170–178 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  92. Claesson, P.M. & Christenson, H.K. J. Phys. Chem. 92, 1650–1655 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  93. Israelachvili, J.N. & Pashley, R.M. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 98, 500–514 (1984).

    Google Scholar 

  94. Israelachvili, J.N., Kott, S.J. & Fetters, L.J. J. Polym. Sci. B 27, 489–502 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Parker, J.L. Langmuir 8, 551–556 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Parker, J.L. & Stewart, A.M. Progr. Colloid Polym. Sci. 88, 162–168 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Stewart, A.M. & Parker, J.L. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 63, 5626–5633 (1992).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  98. Parker, J.L., Richetti, P., Kékicheff, P. & Sarman, S. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1955–1958 (1992).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  99. Attard, P. & Parker, J.L. J. Phys. Chem. 96, 5086–5093 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  100. Binnig, G. & Rohrer, H. Helv. Phys. Acta 55, 726–735 (1982).

    Google Scholar 

  101. Binnig, G., Quate, C. & Gerber, G. Phys. Rev. Lett. 56, 930–933 (1986).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  102. Senden, T.J., Ph.D Thesis, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Meyer, G., Amer, N.M. Appl. Phys. Lett. 53, 1045–1047 (1988).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  104. Alexander, S., Hellemans, L., Marti, O., Schneir, J., Elings, V., Hansma, P.K., Longmire, M. & Gurley, J. J. Appl. Phys. 65, 164–167 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  105. Senden, T.J., Drummond, C.J. & Kékicheff, P. Langmuir 10, 358–362 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  106. Sader, J.E. & White, L. J. Appl. Phys. 74, 1–9 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  107. Walters, D.A., Cleveland, J.P., Thomson, N.H., Hansma, P.K., Wendman, M.A., Gurley, G. & Elings, V. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 67, 3583–3590 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  108. Senden, T.J. & Ducker, W.A. Langmuir 10, 1003–1004 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  109. Torii, A., Sasaki, M., Hane, K. & Okuma, S. Meas. Sci. Technol. 7, 179–184 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  110. Hutter, J.L & Bechhoeffer, J. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 64, 1868–1873 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  111. Maeda, N. & Senden, T.J. Langmuir 16, 9282–9286 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  112. Hoh, J.H. & Engel, A. Langmuir 9, 3310–3312 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  113. Richetti, P. & Kékicheff, P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 68, 1951–1954 (1992).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  114. Burnham, N.A. & Colton, R.J. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 7, 2906–2913 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  115. Drummond, C.J. & Senden, T.J. Colloids Surf. A 87, 217–234 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  116. Ducker, W.A., Senden, T.J. & Pashley, R.M. Nature 353, 239–241 (1991).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  117. Finot, E., Lesniewska, E., Mutin, J.-C. & Gourdonnet, J.-P. Langmuir 16, 4237–4244 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  118. Kékicheff, P. & Spalla, O. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 1851–1854 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  119. Kékicheff, P., Christenson, H.K. & Ninham, B.W. Colloids Surf. 40, 31–41 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  120. Rutland, M.W. & Parker, J.L. Langmuir 10, 1110–1121 (1994).

    Google Scholar 

  121. Kékicheff, P., Marcelja, S., Senden, T.J. & Shubin, V.E. J. Chem. Phys. 99, 6098–6113 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  122. Parker, J.L. Prog. Surf. Sci. 47, 205–271 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  123. Lodge, K.B. & Mason, R., Proc. Roy. Soc. London, Ser. A 383, 279 (1982); ibid, 383, 295 (1982).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  124. Herke, R.A., Clark, N.A. & Handschy, M.A. Science 267, 651–654 (1995); Phys. Rev. E 56, 3028-3043 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  125. Steblin, V.N., Shchukin, E.D., Yaminsky, V.V. & Yaminsky, I.V. Kolloidn. Zh 53, 684–687 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  126. Yaminsky, V.V., Steblin, V.N. & Shchukin, B.D. Pure Appl. Chem. 64, 1725–1730 (1992).

    Google Scholar 

  127. Prantz, P., Artsyukhovich, A., Carpick, R.W. & Salmeron, M. Langmuir 13, 5957–5961 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  128. Tonck, A., Georges, J.-M. & Loubet, J.-L. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 126, 150–163 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  129. Georges, J.-M., Millot, S., Loubet, J.-L. & Tonck, A. J. Chem. Phys. 98, 7345–7360 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  130. Loubet, J.-L. et al. in preparation

    Google Scholar 

  131. Montfort, J.-P., Tonck, A., Loubet, J.-L. & Georges, J.-M. J. Polym. Sci. B 29, 677–682 (1991).

    Google Scholar 

  132. Pelletier, E., Montfort, J.-P., Loubet, J.-L., Tonck, A. & Georges, J.-M. Macro-molecules 28, 1990–1998 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  133. Boyer, L., Houzé, F., Tonck, A., Loubet, J.-L. & Georges, J.-M. J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 27, 1504–1508 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  134. Georges, J.-M., Loubet, J.-L. & Tonck, A. in New Materials: Approaches to Tribology, ed. Pope, L.E., Fehrenbacher, L.L., and Winer, W.O. (Pittsburg, PA: Materials Research Society, vol. 140), p. 67 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  135. Crassous, J., Charlaix, E. & Loubet, J.-L. Europhys. Lett. 28, 37–42 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  136. Crassous, J., Charlaix, E. & Loubet, J.-L. Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 2425–2428 (1997).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  137. Restagno, F., Ph.D Thesis, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  138. Marshall, J.K. & Kitchener, J.A. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 22, 342–351 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  139. Hull, M. & Kitchener, J.A. Trans. Faraday Soc. 65, 3093–3104 (1969).

    Google Scholar 

  140. Clint, G.E., Clint, J.H., Corkill, J.M. & Walker, T. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 44, 121–132 (1973).

    Google Scholar 

  141. Prieve, D.C. & Alexander, B.M. Science 231, 1269–1270 (1986); Langmuir 3, 788-795 (1987).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  142. Prieve, D.C, Luo, F. & Lanni, F. Faraday Discuss., Chem. Soc. 83, 297–307 (1987).

    Google Scholar 

  143. Prieve, D.C. & Walz, J.Y. Appl. Opt. 32, 1629–1641 (1993).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  144. Brown, M.A., Smith, A.L. & Staples, E.J. Langmuir 5, 1319–1324 (1989).

    Google Scholar 

  145. Prieve, D.C. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 82, 93–125 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  146. Prieve, D.C. & Frej, N.A. Langmuir 6, 396–403 (1990).

    Google Scholar 

  147. Flicker, S.G., Tipa, J.L. & Bike, S.G. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 158, 317–325 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  148. Flicker, S.G. & Bike, S.G. Langmuir 9, 257–262 (1993).

    Google Scholar 

  149. Suresh, L. & Walz, J.Y. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 196, 177–190 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  150. Bevan, M.A. & Prieve, D.C. Langmuir 15, 7925–7936 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  151. Walz, J.Y. & Suresh, L. J. Chem. Phys. 103, 10714–10725 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  152. Sober, D.L. & Walz, J.Y. Langmuir 11, 2352–2356 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  153. Sharma, A. & Walz, J.Y. J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 92, 4997–5004 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  154. Rudhardt, D., Bechinger, C. & Leiderer, P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1330–1333 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  155. Bevan, M.A. & Prieve, D.C. Langmuir 16, 9274–9281 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  156. Leal-Calderon, F., Stora, T., Mondain-Monval, O., Poulin, P. & Bibette, J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 72, 2959–2962 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  157. Mondain-Monval, O., Leal-Calderon, F., Phillip, J. & Bibette, J. Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3364–3367 (1995).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  158. Mondain-Monval, O., Leal-Calderon, F. & Bibette, J. J. Phys. II France 6, 1313–1329 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  159. Mondain-Monval, O., Espert, A., Omarjee, P., Bibette, J., Leal-Calderon, F., Phillip, J. & Joanny, J.-F. Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1778–1781 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  160. Espert, A., Omarjee, P., Bibette, J., Leal-Calderon, F. & Mondain-Monval, O. Macromolecules 31, 7023–7029 (1998).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  161. Dimitrova, T.D. & Leal-Calderon, F. Langmuir 15, 8813–8821 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  162. Marra, J. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 107, 446–455 (1985); Biophys. J. 50, 815-825 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  163. Parsegian, V.A., Rand, R.P. & Fuller, N.L. J. Phys. Chem. 95, 4777–4782 (1981).

    Google Scholar 

  164. Pashley, R.M., McGuiggan, P.M., Ninham, B.W., Brady, J. & Evans, D.F. J. Phys. Chem. 90, 1637–1642 (1986).

    Google Scholar 

  165. Evans, E. & Parsegian, V.A. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 83, 7132–7136 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  166. Horn, R.G., Israelachvili, J.N., Marra, J., Parsegian, V.A. & Rand, R.P. Biophys. J. 54, 1185–1187 (1988).

    Google Scholar 

  167. Kékicheff, P. & Christenson, H.K. Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 2823–2826 (1989).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  168. Richetti, P., Kékicheff, P., Parker, J.L. & Ninham, B.W. Nature (London) 346, 252–254 (1990).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  169. Richetti, P. Moreau, L., Barois, P. & Kékicheff, P. Phys. Rev. E 54, 1749–1762 (1996).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  170. Atkins, D.T., Kékicheff, P. & Spalla, O. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 188, 234–237 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  171. Spalla, O. & Kékicheff, P. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 192, 43–65 (1997).

    Google Scholar 

  172. Antelmi, D.A. & Spalla, O. Langmuir 15, 7478–7489 (1999).

    Google Scholar 

  173. Machou, D. & Kékicheff, P. to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  174. Spalla, O. & Desset, S. Langmuir 16, 2133–2140 (2000).

    Google Scholar 

  175. Idziak, S.H.J., Safinya, C.R., Hill, R.S., Kraiser, K.E., Ruths, M., Warriner, H. E., Steinberg, S., Liang, K.S. & Israelachvili, J.N. Science 264, 1915–1918 (1994).

    ADS  Google Scholar 

  176. Koltover, I., Idziak, S.H.J., Davidson, P., Li, Y., Safinya, C.R., Ruths, M., Steinberg, S. & Israelachvili, J.N. J. Phys. II France 6, 893–907 (1996).

    Google Scholar 

  177. Kékicheff, P. & Riekel, C. to be published.

    Google Scholar 

  178. Neuman, R.D., Park, S. & Shah, P. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 172, 257–260 (1995).

    Google Scholar 

  179. Kékicheff, P. Maret, G. & Tinland, B. in preparation.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2001 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Kékicheff, P. (2001). Direct Surface Force Measurement Techniques. In: Holm, C., Kékicheff, P., Podgornik, R. (eds) Electrostatic Effects in Soft Matter and Biophysics. NATO Science Series, vol 46. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0577-7_8

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0577-7_8

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-4020-0197-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0577-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics