Abstract
That procreation is a basic human right, with which the state has no business meddling, is today the dominant view among Western genetics professionals, bioethicists, and journalists. In their perspective, reproductive genetic services should aim at increasing the choices available to women. Since no reproductive choice is right or wrong, clinicians should be scrupulously neutral in their dealings with clients. Any other approach constitutes “eugenics.”
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Andrews, G.R., Signs of Eugenic Progress. American Eugenics Society, 1935.
Andrews, L. et al. Assessing Genetic Risks: Implications for Health and Social Policy. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1994.
Anonymous. Talk show flap. Los Angeles Times 1991a; Dec. 31:B6
Anonymous. Official defends station’s show on disabled. New York Times 1991b; Dec. 15:33
Anonymous. New Chinese law on maternal and infant health care. Population and Development Review 1995; 21:698–702
Baden P.L. Encouraging equality: disabled anchor wins award from Courage Center. Star Tribune 1992; June 6:1B
Beauchamp, T., Childress, J., Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 1st ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1979.
Berelson B. Beyond family planning. Science 1969; 163(1 February):533–543
Bird, C., The Myth of Liberal Individualism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.
Bloche, M.G. “Clinical Counseling and the Problem of Autonomy-Negating Influence.” In HIV, AIDS &Childbearing: Public Policy, Private Lives, R.R. Faden, N.E. Kass, eds. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Boulding, K., The Meaning of the 20th Century. New York: Harper and Row, 1964.
Bussiere, E., (Dis)entitling the Poor: The Warren Court, Welfare Rights,and the American Political Tradition. University Park, PA: Penn State University Press, 1997.
Chadwick R.F., What counts as success in genetic counseling? Journal of Medical Ethics 1993; 19:43–46
Coughlan A., Perfect People’s Republic. New Scientist 1998; 160(24 Oct.):18
Davies, S.P., Social Control of the Mentally Deficient. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell, 1930. Davis K. Population policy: will current programs succeed? Science 1967; 158:730–9
Dikotter, F., Imperfect Conceptions: Medical Knowledge, Birth Defects, and Eugenics in China. New York: Columbia University Press, 1998.
Di Stefano, C. “Autonomy in the Light of Difference.” In Revisioning the Political: Feminist Reconstructions of Traditional Concepts in Western Political Theory, N.J. Hirschmann, C. Di Stefano, eds. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996.
Dobzhansky, T., Mankind Evolving: The Evolution of the Human Species. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1962.
Dong-Sheng, S., Popularizing the Knowledge of Eugenics and Advocating Optimal Births Vigorously. Renkou Yanjiu [Population Research]. Translation by M. Desilets and D. Vining, 1981. Available [Jan. 25, 2000] at:
Dworetz, S.M., The Unvarnished Doctrine: Locke,Liberalism, and the American Revolution. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1994.
Ehrlich, P.R., The Population Bomb. New York: Ballantine, 1968.
Eisenberg L. Genetics and the survival of the unfit. Harper’s Magazine 1966; Feb.:53–8
Faden, R., ed., The Human Radiation Experiments: Final Report of the President’s Advisory Committee. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Fleming D., On living in a biological revolution. Atlantic Monthly 1969; 223:64–70
Fletcher, J.F. “Knowledge, Risk, and the Right to Reproduce: A Limiting Principle.” In Genetics and the Law II, A. Milunsky, G.J. Annas, eds. New York: Plenum Press, 1980.
Fox, R.C. “The Entry of U.S. Bioethics into the 1990s.” In A Matter of Principles? Ferment in U.S. Bioethics, E.R. DuBose, R.P. Hamel, L.J. O’Connell, eds. Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International, 1994.
Glass B,. Science: endless horizons or golden age. Science 1971; 171(8 January):23–29
Gordon, L., Woman’s Body, Woman’s Right: Birth Control in America,Revised ed. New York: Penguin Books, 1990.
Greenstone, D., The Lincoln Persuasion: Remaking American Liberalism. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
Hardin G. The tragedy of the commons. Science 1968; 162(13 December):1243–1248
Hubbard, R., Wald, E., Exploding the Gene Myth. Boston: Beacon Press, 1993.
Jennings, B. “Autonomy and Difference: The Travails of Liberalism in Bioethics.” In Bioethics and Society: Constructing the Ethical Enterprise, R. DeVries, J. Subedi, eds. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1998.
Jonsen, A.R., The Birth of Bioethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Kay, L.E., The Molecular Vision of Life. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Kevles, D.J., In the Name of Eugenics: Genetics and the Uses of Human Heredity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986.
Lederberg, J. “Biological Future of Man.” In Man and His Future, G. Wolstenholme, ed. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1963.
Lepicard F. Eugenics and Roman Catholicism: an encyclical letter in context: Casti Connubi, December 31, 1930. Science in Context 1998; 11:527–44
Ludmerer, KM., Genetics and American Society: A Historical Appraisal. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1972.
Mao X. Chinese geneticists’ views of ethical issues in genetic testing and screening: evidence for eugenics in China. American Journal of Human Genetics 1998; 63:688–695
Mathews J. The debate over her baby: Bree Walker Lampley has a deformity. Some people think she shouldn’t have kids. Washington Post 1991; Oct. 20:F1
Mathieu, D., Preventing Prenatal Harm: Should the State Intervene? 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1996.
Medawar, P. “Eugenics.” In The Life Science: Current Ideas of Biology, P.B. Medawar, J.C. Medawar, eds. New York: Harper and Row, 1977.
Montagu, A., Human Heredity. Cleveland: World Publishing, 1959.
Muller H.J. Our load of mutations. American Journal of Human Genetics 1950; 2:111–176
Murray, T.H., The Worth of a Child. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996.
Nelkin, D., Lindee, M.S., The DNA Mystique: The Gene as Cultural Icon. New York: W.H. Freeman, 1995.
Nie J-B. The myth of the Chinese culture, the myth of the Chinese medical ethics. Bioethics Examiner 1999; 3:1–2, 5–6
Nussbaum, M., Cultivating Humanity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1997.
Otsubo S., Bartholomew J.R. Eugenics in Japan: some ironies of modernity, 1883–1945. Science in Context 1998; 11:545–565
Packard, V., The People Shapers. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1977.
Paul D.B. Our load of mutations ‘revisited.’ Journal of the History of Biology 1987; 20:321–335
Paul, D.B., Controlling Human Heredity: 1865 to the Present. New York: Prometheus Press, 1995.
Paul D.B., Genetic services, economics and eugenics. Science in Context 1998; 11:481–489
Paul D.B., Spencer H. The hidden science of eugenics. Nature 1995; 374:302–304
Pauling L. Reflections on the new biology: foreword. UCLA Law Review 1968; 15:267–272
Pius XI, Pius XI On Christian Marriage, The English Translation. New York: Barry Vail Corporation, 1931.
Pius XII. Discourse of his Holiness Pope Pius XII to the International Congress on Blood Transfusion; 1958 Sept. 5. Reprinted in the Dight Institute Bulletin 1959; 11
Pomfret J. China clarifies its law on sterilization. Washington Post 1998; Aug. 18:10
Porter, I.H. “Evolution of Genetic Counseling in America.” In Genetic Counseling, H.A. Lubs, F. de la Cruz, eds. New York: Raven Press, 1977.
Purdy, L. “Loving Future People.” In Reproduction, Ethics, and the Law: Feminist Perspectives, J.C. Callahan, ed. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press, 1995.
Rabinow, P. Life: dignity and value. Proceedings of Postgenomics? Historical, Techno Epistemic, and Cultural Aspects of Genome Projects sponsored by Max-Planck-Institute for the History of Science; 1998 July 8–11; Berlin.
Ramsey, P., Fabricated Man: The Ethics of Genetic Control. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1970.
Reed, S., Parenthood and Heredity. New York: John Wiley, 1964.
Rosenthal E. Scientists debate China’s law on sterilizing the carriers of genetic defects. New York Times 1998; Aug. 16:14
Sandel, M.J., Democracy’s Discontent: America in Search of a Public Philosophy. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996.
Schneider, C.E., The Practice of Autonomy: Patients,Doctors, and Medical Decisions. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Seligmann J. Whose baby is it, anyway? Newsweek 1991; 118(18):73
Shain, B.A., The Myth of American Individualism: Protestant Origins of American Political Thought. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Sonneborn, T.M., ed., Control of Human Heredity and Evolution. New York: Macmillan, 1965.
Sorenson, J.R., Culbert, A.J. “Genetic Counselors and Counseling Orientation: Unexamined Topics in Evaluation.” In Genetic Counseling, H.A. Lubs, F. de la Cruz, eds. New York: Raven Press, 1974.
Steinbock B., McClamrock R., When is birth unfair to the child? Hastings Center Report 1994; 24:15–21
Sunstein, C.R., Free Markets and Social Justice. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Wertz D.C., Society and the not-so-new genetics: what are we afraid of? Some future predictions from a social scientist. Journal of Contemporary Law and Policy 1997a; 13:299–346
Wertz D.C. Proceedings of the Van Leer Institute, Jerusalem sponsored by the Workshop on Eugenic Thought and Practice: A reappraisal towards the end of the twentieth century; May 26–29; Published in part as Eugenics is alive and well: a survey of genetics professionals around the world. Science in Context 1997b; 11:493–510
Wertz, D.C. “International Research in Bioethics: The Challenges of Cross-Cultural Interpretation.” In Bioethics and Society: Constructing the Ethical Enterprise, R. DeVries, J. Subedi, eds. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
Wolf, S.M. “Introduction: Gender and Feminism in Bioethics.” In Feminism and Bioethics: Beyond Reproduction, S.M. Wolf, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.
Wolpe, P.R. “The Triumph of Autonomy in American Bioethics: A Sociological View.” In Bioethics and Society: Constructing the Ethical Enterprise, R. DeVries, J. Subedi, eds. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
Wolpe, P.R., McGee, G. “Expert Bioethics’ as Professional Discourse: The Case of Stem Cells.” In Beyond Cloning: Embryos,Ethics, and Immortality, S. Holland, K. Lebaczq, L. Zoloth, eds. Cambridge: MIT Press, in press.
Wolstenhohne, G., ed., “Eugenics and Genetics: Discussion.” In Man and His Future. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1963.
Wright, S., Molecular Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Paul, D. (2002). From Reproductive Responsibility to Reproductive Autonomy. In: Parker, L.S., Ankeny, R.A. (eds) Mutating Concepts, Evolving Disciplines: Genetics, Medicine, and Society. Philosophy and Medicine, vol 75. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0269-1_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0269-1_5
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-3959-8
Online ISBN: 978-94-010-0269-1
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive