Abstract
Measurements of the mass fluxes of volcanic SO2, H2S and SO42- into the atmosphere, which have been performed at Mt. Etna (Sicily), are described in the first part of this paper. It was found that the emission rates vary between 142–1600 t SO2/d, 1*#x2013;10 t H2S/d and 182–232 t SO4 2-/d with respect to different non-eruptive activity phases of this volcano.
In the second part of this paper a new assessment of the global volcanic emission rates of the above sulfur compounds is presented. It is based on a quantitative classification of volcanic activity which is applied to the measurements at Mt. Etna and Mt. Vulcano (Lipari Islands) as well as to other measuring data available from the literature concerning the sulfur source strength of different volcanoes during different phases of activity. The total global emission of volcanic SO2 into the atmosphere is estimated to 1.52 x 107 t/a. Only a small fraction of this amount, namely 1.0 x 106 t/a, is emitted during eruptions, while the major part, namely 1.42 x 107 t/a, is contributed by non-eruptive activity. The average global emission of volcanic H2S and SO42- is found to be around 106 t/a and 107 t/a, respectively. From these estimates it is concluded that volcanoes contribute to about 5–7% of the total global sulfur emission into the atmosphere.
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Berresheim, H., Jaeschke, W. (1982). Sulfur Emissions from Volcanoes. In: Georgii, H.W., Jaeschke, W. (eds) Chemistry of the Unpolluted and Polluted Troposphere. NATO Advanced Study Institutes Series, vol 96. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7918-5_13
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