Abstract
Any operational definition of metastatic efficiency must surely focus on the capacity of a cancer to generate clinically overt metastases during the lifetime of its host. The latter qualification will appear less curious to experimentalists than clinicians, since the former have the opportunity to make bioassays on apparently normal organs for metastatic cancer cells in fresh hosts, and thus achieve a sensitivity of detection which may have little clinical relevance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Klastersky J, Daneau D, Verhest A: Causes of death in patients with cancer. Eur J Cancer 8:149–154, 1972.
Inagaki J, Rodriquez V, Bodey GP: Causes of death in cancer patients. Cancer 33:568–573, 1974.
Ambrus JL, Ambrus CM, Mink IB, Pickren JW: Causes of death in cancer patients. J Med 6:61–64, 1975.
Piver MS, Yazigi R, Blumenson L, Tsukada Y: A prospective trial comparing hysterectomy, hysterectomy plus vaginal radium, and uterine radium plus hysterectomy in stage I endometrial carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 54:85–89, 1979.
Piver MS, Barlow JJ, Lele SB: Incidence of subclinical metastasis in stage I and II ovarian carcinoma. Obstet Gynecol 52:100–104, 1978.
Castaldo TW, Petrilli ES, Ballon SC, Berman ML: Lymph-node metastases from epithelial carcinoma of the ovary. In: Lymphatic system metastasis, Weiss L, Gilbert HA, Ballon SC (eds). Boston: G.K. Hall and Co., 1980, pp 383–389.
Costanza ME, Dayal Y, Binder S, Nathanson L: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma. Cancer 34:230–235, 1974.
Farmer ER, Helwig EB: Metastatic basal cell carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of seventeen cases. Cancer 46:748–757, 1980.
Lohe KJ: Early squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. I. Definition and histology. Gynecol Oncol 6:10–30, 1978.
Sedlis A, Sail S, Tsukada Y, Park R, Mangan C, Shingleton H, Blessing JA: Microinvasive carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinical-pathologic study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 133:64–74, 1979.
Lohe KJ: Early squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix. III. Frequency of lymph node netastases. Gynecol Oncol 6:51–59, 1978.
Roche WD, Norris HJ: Microinvasive carcinoma of the cervix. Cancer 36:180–186, 1975.
Cole WH, Roberts SS, Webb RS, Strehl FW, Oates GD: Dissemination of cancer with special emphasis on vascular spread and implantation. Ann Surg 161:753–768, 1965.
Goldmann EE: Anatomische Untersuchungen über die verbreitungsweise bösartiger Geschwülste. Beitr z klin Chir (Tübingen) 18:595–612, 1897.
Iwasaki T: Histological and experimental observations on the destruction of tumour cells in the blood vessels. J Pathol Bacteriol 20:85–105, 1915.
Schmidt MB: Die Verbreitungswege der Karzinome und die Beziehung generalisierter Sarkome zu den leukämischen Neubildungen. Jena: G. Fischer, 1903.
Takahashi M: An experimental study of metastasis. J Pathol Bacteriol 20:1–13, 1915.
Saphir O: The fate of carcinoma emboli in the lung. Am J Pathol 23:245–254, 1947.
Weiss L, Glaves D: Arrest patterns of circulating lymphosarcoma cell in tumour-bearing mice as modified by previously injected cell suspensions. Br J Cancer 37:363–368, 1978.
Weiss L, Holmes J, Crispe IN: The effects of a prior injection of Walker cancer cells in the rat on the lung-retention pattern of a second dose. Br J Cancer 40:483–488, 1979.
Hewitt HB: Projecting from animal experiments to clinical cancer. In: Fundamental aspects of metastasis, Weiss L (ed). Amsterdam: N. Holland/American Elsevier, 1976, pp 343–358.
Hewitt HB: The choice of animal tumors for experimental studies of cancer therapy. Adv Cancer Res 27:149–200, 1978.
Butler TP, Gullino PM: Quantitation of cell shedding into efferent blood of mammary adenocar-cinoma. Cancer Res 35:512–516, 1975.
Liotta LA, Kleinerman J, Saidel GM: Quantitative relationships of intravascular tumor cells, tumor vessels, and pulmonary metastases following tumor implantation. Cancer Res 34:997–1004, 1974.
Watanabe S: Metastasizability of tumor cells. Cancer 7:215, 1954.
Fidler IJ: The relationship of embolic homogeneity, number, size and viability to the incidence of experimental metastasis. Eur J Cancer 9:223–227, 1973.
Liotta LA, Kleinerman J, Saidel GM: The significance of hematogenous tumor cell clumps in the metastatic process. Cancer Res 36:889–894, 1976.
Fidler IJ, Kripke ML: Metastasis results from pre-existing variant cells within a malignant tumor. Science 197:893–895, 1977.
Weiss L: Metastasis: Differences between cancer cells in primary and secondary tumors. Pathobiol Annu 10:51–58, 1980.
Fidler IJ: The heterogeneity of metastatic neoplasms. In: Pulmonary metastasis, Weiss L, Gilbert HA (eds). Boston: G.K. Hall, 1978, pp 43–61.
Kripke ML, Gruys E, Fidler IJ: Metastatic keterogeneity of cells from an ultraviolet light-induced murine fibrosarcoma of recent origin. Cancer Res 38:2962–2967, 1978.
Fidler IJ: Cifone MA: Properties of metastatic and nonmetastatic cloned subpopulations of an ultraviolet-light-induced murine fibrosarcoma of recent origin. Am J Pathol 97:633–648, 1979.
Kerbel RS: Immunologic studies of membrane mutants of a highly metastatic murine tumor. Am J Pathol 97:609–622, 1979.
Weiss L: Factors leading to the arrest of cancer cells in the lungs. In: Pulmonary metastasis, Weiss L, Gilbert HA (eds). Boston: G.K. Hall, 1978, pp 5–25.
Sato H, Suzuki M: Deformability and viability of tumor cells by transcapillary passage, with reference to organ affinity in metastasis in cancer. In: Fundamental aspects of metastasis, Weiss L (ed). Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1976, pp 311–317.
Weiss L: Studies on cell deformability. I. Effect of surface charge. J Cell Biol 26:735–739, 1965.
Mayhew E: Cellular electrophoretic mobility and the mitotic cycle. J Gen Physiol 49:717–725, 1966.
Glick MC, Gerner EW, Warren L: Changes in the carbohydrate content of the KB cell during the growth cycle. J Cell Physiol 77:1–6, 1971.
Weiss L: Cell deformability: some general considerations. In: Fundamental aspects of metastasis, Weiss L (ed). Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1976, pp 305–310.
Weiss L: The cell periphery, metastasis and other contact phenomena. Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1967.
Weiss L: Biophysical aspects of initial cell interactions with solid surfaces. Fed Proc 30:1649–1657, 1971.
Weiss L, Harlos JP: Cell contact phenomena and their implication in cell communication. In: Intercellular communication, DeMello WC (ed). New York: Plenum Press, 1977, pp 33–59.
Verwey EJW and Overbeck JTG: Theory of the stability of lyophobic colloids. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1948, p 164 et seq.
Weiss L, Nir S, Harlos JP, Subjeck JR: Long-distance interactions between Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. J Theor Biol 51:439–454, 1975.
Weiss L: Cancer cell traffic from the lungs to the liver: an example of metastatic inefficiency. Int J Cancer 25:385–392, 1980.
Weiss L: Studies on cell adhesion in tissue-culture. VIII. Some effects of antisera on cell detachment. Exp Cell Res 37:540–551, 1965.
Neiders ME, Weiss L: The effects of endotoxin on cell detachment in vitro. Arch Oral -Biol 18:499–504, 1973.
Glaves D: Metastasis: reticuloendothelial system and organ retention of disseminated malignant cells. Int J Cancer 26:115–122, 1980.
Fidler IJ, Lieber S: Quantitative analysis of the mechanism of glucocorticoid enhancement of experimental metastasis. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 4:607–613, 1972.
Glaves D, Weiss L: Metastasis and the reticuloendothelial system. II. Effect of triamcinolone acetonide on organ retention of malignant cells in endotoxin-treated mice. Int J Cancer 27:475–479, 1981.
Turner GA, Weiss L: An analysis of aprotinin-induced enhancement of metastasis of Lewis lung tumors in mice. Cancer Res 41:2576–2580, 1981.
Weiss L: Metastatic inefficiency. In: Liver metastasis, Weiss L, Gilbert HA (eds). Boston: G.K. Hall, 1982, pp 126–157.
Glaves D, Weiss L: Initial tumor cell arrest in animals of defined coagulative status. Int J Cancer 21:741–746, 1978.
Chew EC, Josephson RL, Wallace AC: Morphologic aspects of the arrest of circulating cancer cells. In: Fundamental aspects of metastasis, Weiss L (ed). Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1976, pp 121–150.
Ruco LP, Meltzer MS: Macrophage activation for tumor cytotoxicity. Tumoricidal activity by macrophages from C3H/HeJ mice requires at least two activation stimuli. Cell Immunol 41:35–51, 1978.
Gallily R, Eliahy H: Mechanism and specificity of macrophage mediated cytotoxicity. Cell Immunol 25:245–255, 1976.
Brem H, Folkman J: Inhibition of tumor angiogenesis mediated by cartilage. J Exp Med 141:427–439, 1975.
Phillips PJ, Kumar S: Tumour angiogenesis factor (TAF) and its neutralisation by xenogenic antiserum. Int J Cancer 23:82–89, 1979.
Kuettner K and Pauli BU: Resistance of cartilage to invasion. In: Bone metastasis, Weiss L, Gilbert HA (eds). Boston: G.K. Hall, 1981, pp 131–167.
Alexander P: Dormant metastases which manifest on immunosuppression and the role of macrophages in tumours. In: Fundamental aspects of metastasis, Weiss L (ed). New York: American Elsevier Publ. Co., 1976, pp 227–239.
Wheelock EF, Goldstein LT, Weinhold KJ, Carney WP, Marx PA: The tumor dormant state. In: Cancer invasion and metastasis: biologic mechanisms and therapy, Day SB, et al. (eds). New York: Raven Press, 1977, pp 105–116.
Paget S: The distribution of secondary growth in cancer of the breast. Lancet i:571–573, 1889.
Ewing J: Metastasis. In: Neoplastic diseases, Saunders WB. Philadelphia, 1928, 3rd Ed.
Weiss L, Haydock K, Pickren JW, Lane WW: Organ vascularity and metastatic frequency. Am J Pathol 101:101–113, 1980.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague/Boston/London
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Weiss, L. (1982). Metastatic inefficiency. In: Liotta, L.A., Hart, I.R. (eds) Tumor Invasion and Metastasis. Developments in Oncology, vol 7. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7511-8_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7511-8_6
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7513-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7511-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive