Abstract
A noninvasive “cath-lab” has long been a dream in the medical community. Two parameters often measured by employing catheters are cardiac pressures and flow. Now the potential for both measurements to be performed noninvasively or minimally invasively exists with the use of precision gas microbubble agents, developed by Ultra Med Inc.*, Sunnyvale California. Microbubbles injected into a convenient vein, such as the median cubital, flow into the heart. These bubbles, in conjunction with specialized ultrasonic equipment, can be used to measure both these cardiac parameters. The purpose of this text is to discuss these methods which have been made possible by the establishment of microbubble technology. Microbubbles are defined as gas bubbles generally smaller than 100 microns in diameter. In some cases, these microbubbles are encapsulated in rigid substances.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Devin C: Survey of thermal, radiation and viscous damping of pulsating air bubbles in water. J Acoust Soe Am 31:1654, 1959.
Plesset M, A Prosperetti: Bubble dynamics and cavitation. Am Rev Fluid Mech 9:145, 1977.
Minnaert M: On musical air-bubbles and sounds of running water. Phil Mag, 16:235, 1933.
Meltzer R, G Tickner, T Sahines, R Popp: The sources of ultrasound contrast effect. J Clin Ultrasound 8:121, 1980.
Lubbers J, J Van den Berg: An ultrasonic detector for microgasemboli in a bloodflow line. Ultrasound in Med. and Biol. 2, 301, 1976.
Bommer W, A DeMaria, et al.: Indicator-dilution curves obtained by photometric analysis of two-dimensional echo-contrast studies. (Abstract) Am J Cardiol 41:370, 1978.
Urick RJ: The absorption of sound in suspension of irregular particles. J Acoust Soc Am 20:283, 1948.
Stakutis V, R Morse, M Dill, R Beyer: Attenuation of ultrasound in aqueous suspensions. J Acoust Soc Am 27:539, 1955.
Urick RJ: Principles of Underwater Sound, p 203 McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, 1967.
Gavrilov L: On the size distribution of gas bubbles in water. Sov Phys-Acoust 15:22, 1969.
Medwin H: Counting bubbles acoustically: a review. Ultrasonics 15:7, 1977.
Medwin H: In-situ acoustic measurement of microbubbles at sea. J Geophys Res 82:971, 1977.
Wells P: Physical principles of ultrasonic diagnosis, pp 9–14. Academic Press, New York, 1969.
Hamilton W: Measurement of the cardiac output. Handbook Physiology Sec. 2 Circulation 1:551 (Hamilton W, ed.). Amer Physiol Soc, Washington, D.C., 1962.
Tickner G, N Rasor: Noninvasive assessment of pulmonary hypertension using the bubble ultrasonic resonance pressure (BURP) method. Annual Report #HR-62917-1A, NHLBI, 1977.
Butler B, B Hills: The lungs as a filter for microbubbles. J Appl Physiol 47:537, 1979.
Meltzer R, G Tickner, R Popp: Why do the lungs clear ultrasonic contrast. Ultrasound Med Biol 6:263, 1980.
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1982 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Tickner, E.G. (1982). Precision Microbubbles for Right Side Intracardiac Pressure and Flow Measurements. In: Meltzer, R.S., Roelandt, J. (eds) Contrast Echocardiography. Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine, vol 15. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7470-8_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7470-8_26
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-009-7472-2
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-7470-8
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive