Skip to main content

Cultivation biology of Gracilaria tikvahiae in the United States

  • Conference paper
Eleventh International Seaweed Symposium

Part of the book series: Developments in Hydrobiology ((DIHY,volume 22))

Abstract

The rhodophyte Gracilaria tikvahiae is widely distributed along the eastern coast of the United States and has been considered a prime candidate for phycoculture for purposes including production of agar, bioconversion to methane, fertilizer, and sewage treatment (Ryther, DeBoer & Lapointe 1979; Ryther, Williams, Hanisak, Stenberg & DeBusk 1979; Bird et at. 1981; Hanisak 1981 a, b). Since 1975, G. tikvahiae has been cultivated at the Harbor Branch Institution in Fort Pierce, Florida, as part of a continuing program on seaweed mariculture. One focus of the research in this experimental system has been on manipulating environmental factors that can readily be controlled on a larger, commercial scale (e.g., nutrient enrichments and flow rates of seawater, but not light, temperature, and salinity). This communication will briefly review some of the findings of this research, with an emphasis on how the biology of G. tikvahiae interacts with the environmental conditions of the cultivation system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bird, K. T., M. D. Hanisak & J. H. Ryther, 1981. Changes in agar and other chemical constituents of the seaweed, Gracilaria tikvahiae. when used as a substrate in methane digesters. Resour. Conserv. 6: 321–327.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Blinks, L. R., 1963. The effect of pH upon the photosynthesis of littoral marine algae. Protoplasma 57: 126–136.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chapman, A. R. O. & J. S. Craigie, 1977. Seasonal growth by Laminaria longicruris: relations with dissolved inorganic nutrients and internal reserves of nitrogen. Mar. Biol. 40: 197–205.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanisak, M. D., 1978. Cultivation and bioenergetics of the agarophyte Graci/aria tikvahiae. Int. Coun. Explor. Sea, Code Number C.M. 1979/F:24: 8 pp.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanisak, M. D., 1979. Nitrogen limitation of Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides as determined by tissue analysis. Mar. Biol. 50: 333–337.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hanisak, M. D., 1981a. Methane production from the red seaweed Gracilaria tikvahiae. Proc. int. Seaweed Symp. 10: 681–686.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hanisak, M. D., 1981b. Recycling the residues from anaerobic digesters as a nutrient source for seaweed growth. Bot. mar. 24: 57–61.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huguenin, J. E., 1976. An examination of problems and potentials for future large-scale intensive seaweed culture systems. Aquaculture 9: 313–342.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapointe, B. E. & J. H. Ryther, 1978. Some aspects of the growth and yield of Gracilaria tikvahiae in culture. Aquaculture 15: 185–193.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lapointe, B. E. & J. H. Ryther, 1979. The effects of nitrogen and seawater flow rate on the growth and biochemical composition of Gracilaria foliifera var. angustissima in mass outdoor culture. Bot. mar. 22: 529–537.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Neish, A. C., P. F. Shacklock, C. H. Fox& F. J. Simpson, 1977. The cultivation of Chondrus crispus: Factors affecting growth under greenhouse conditions. Can. J. Bot. 55: 2263–2271.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryther, J. H., N. Corwin, T. A. DeBusk & L. D. Williams, 1981. Nitrogen uptake and storage by the red alga Gracilaria tikvahiae (McLachlan, 1979). Aquaculture 26: 107–115.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ryther, J. H., J. A. DeBoer & B. E. Lapointe, 1979. Cultivation of seaweeds for hydrocolioids, waste treatment, and biomass for energy conservation. Proc. int. Seaweed Symp. 9: 1–17.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryther, J. H. & T. A. DeBusk, 1982. Significance of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate-carbon uptake in marine biomass production. Presented at the Symposium ‘Energy from Biomass and Waste VI’. January 25–29, 1982. Lake Buena Vista, Florida.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryther, J. H., T. A. DeBusk, D. A. Andrews & C. Habig, 1983. Cultivation of Gracilaria as a biomass source for energy. Proc. World Mariculture Soc. (In press).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ryther, J. H., L. D. Williams, M. D. Hanisak, R. W. Stenberg & T. A. DeBusk, 1979. Biomass production by marine and freshwater plants. Third Annual Biomass Energy Systems Conf. Proc. Solar Energy Res. Inst., Golden, Colorado: 13–23.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1984 Dr W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht

About this paper

Cite this paper

Hanisak, M.D., Ryther, J.H. (1984). Cultivation biology of Gracilaria tikvahiae in the United States. In: Bird, C.J., Ragan, M.A. (eds) Eleventh International Seaweed Symposium. Developments in Hydrobiology, vol 22. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6560-7_57

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6560-7_57

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-009-6562-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-6560-7

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics