Skip to main content

Abstract

Warm deserts have held a certain attraction and fascination for plant ecologists and physiologists for many decades. The reasons for this interest lie in the different types of plant assemblages, the large diversity of life forms, and the remarkable plant adaptations which have arisen in response to the environmental extremes of high air and soil temperatures, high solar radiation levels, low relative humidities, low precipitation levels, and extended drought periods. Substantial progress has been made in understanding the ecology of some of the dominant plant species, including the relationships between form and function, adaptation at morphological, physiological, and biochemical levels, and factors affecting distributional ranges.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams, M.S. and Strain, B.R. (1968) Photosynthesis in stems and leaves of Cercidium floridium: spring and summer diurnal field response and relation to temperature. Oecologia Plantarum, 3, 285 – 97.

    Google Scholar 

  • Armond, P.A. and Mooney, H.A. (1978) Correlation of photosynthetic unit size and density with photosynthetic capacity. Carnegie Institution Washington Yearbook, 77, 234 – 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Balding, F.R. and Cunningham, G.L. (1974) The influence of soil water potential on the perennial vegetation of a desert arroyo. Southwest Naturalist 19, 241 – 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatley, J.C. (1967) Survival of winter annuals in the northern Mojave Desert. Ecology, 48, 745 –50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatley, J.C. (1969) Biomass of desert winter annual plant populations in southern Nevada. Oikos, 20, 261 – 73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Beatley, J.C. (1970) Perennation in Astragalus lentiginosus and Tridens pulchellusin relation to rainfall. Madroño, 20, 326 – 32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beatley, J.C. (1974) Phenological events and their environmental triggers in Mohave Desert ecosystems. Ecology, 55, 856 – 63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Björkman, O., Badger, M.R. and Armond, P.A. (1980) Response and adaptation of photosynthesis to high temperatures, in Adaptation of Plants of Water and High Temperature Stress(eds N.C. Turner and P.J. Kramer ), Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 233 – 49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark, D.D. and Burk, J.H. (1980) Resource allocation patterns of two California Sonoran Desert ephemerals. Oecologia, 46, 8 6 – 91.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, G.L. and Strain, B.R. (1969) Ecological significance of seasonal leaf variability in a desert shrub. Ecology, 50, 400 – 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. (1980) Leaf morphology and reflectance in relation to water and temperature stress, in Adaptations of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress(eds N.C. Turner and P.J. Kramer ), Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 295 – 308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. (1981) Leaf absorptances and Mohave and Sonoran Desert plants. Oecologia, 49, 366 – 70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. (1982) The influence of water stress and temperature on leaf pubescence development in Encelia farinosa. American Journal of Botany, 69, 670 – 5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. (1983a) Ecology and ecophysiology of leaf pubescence in North American desert plants, in Biology and Chemistry of Plant Trichomes(eds E. Rodriguez, P. Heley and I. Mehta ), Plenum Press, New York, pp. 113 – 132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. (1983b) Ecophysiology of Amaranthus palmeri, a Sonoran Desert summer ephemeral. Oecologia, 57, 107 – 12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. and Björkman, O. (1977) Quantum yields for CO2 uptake in C3 and C4 plants: dependence on temperature, C02, and O2 concentration. Plant Physiology 59, 86 – 90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. and Björkman, O. (1978a) Pubescence and leaf spectral characteristics in a desert shrub, Encelia farinosa. Oecologia, 36, 151 – 62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. and Björkman, O. (1978b) A comparison of photosynthetic characteristics of Enceliaspecies possessing glabrous and pubscent leaves. Plant Physiology, 62, 185 – 90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. and Forseth, I. (1980) Solar tracking by plants. Science, 210, 1094 – 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. and Mooney, H.A. (1978) Leaf hairs: effects on physiological activity and adaptive value to a desert shrub. Oecologia, 37, 183–200.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J. and Mooney, H.A. (1983) Photosynthesis and productivity of desert and Mediterranean-climate plants, Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, Vol. 12D, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 205 – 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J., Björkman, O. and Mooney, H.A. (19 76) Leaf pubescence: effects on absorptance and photosynthesis in a desert shrub. Science, 192, 376–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ehleringer, J., Mooney, H.A. and Berry, J.A. (1979) Photosynthesis and microclimate of a desert winter annual. Ecology, 60, 280 – 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Eickmeier, W.G. (1978) Photosynthetic pathway distributions along an aridity gradient in Big Bend National Park, and implications to enhanced resource partitioning. Photosynthetica, 12, 290 – 7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fonteyn, P.J. and Mahall, B.E. (1978) Competition among desert perennials. Nature, 275, 544–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forseth, I. and Ehleringer, J. (1980) Solar tracking response to drought in a desert annual. Oecologia, 44, 159 – 63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forseth, I.N. and Ehleringer, J. (1982) Ecophysiology of two solar tracking desert water annuals. II. Leaf movements, water relations, and microclimate. Oecologia, 54, 41 – 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Forseth, I.N., Ehleringer, J., Werk, K.S. and Cook, C.S. (1983) Field water relations of Sonoran Desert annuals. Ecology, 65, 1436–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman, D.C., Klikoff, L.G. and Harper, K.T. (1976) Differential resource utilization by the sexes of dioecious plants. Science, 193, 597 – 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gates, D.M. (1980) Biophysical Ecology, Springer-Verlag, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ives, R.L. (1949) Climate of the Sonoran Desert region. Annals Association of American Geographers, 39, 143 – 87.

    Google Scholar 

  • Juhren, M., Went, F.W. and Phillips, E. (1956) Ecology of desert plants. IV. Combined field and laboratory work on germination of annuals in the Joshua Tree National Monument, California. Ecology, 37, 318 – 30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Koller, D. (1972) Environmental control of seed germination, in Seed Biology, Vol. 2 (ed. T.T. Kozlowski) Academic Press, New York, pp. 1 – 101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Levitt, J. (1980) Responses of Plants to Environmental Stresses, Academic Press, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Longstreth, D.J., Hartsock, T.L. and Nobel, P.S. (1980) Mesophyll cell properties for some C3 and C4 species with high photosynthetic rates. Physiologica Plantarum, 48, 494 – 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McArthur, E.D. (1977) Environmentally induced changes of sex expression in Atriplex canescens. Heredity, 38, 97 – 103.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDonald, J.E. (1956) Variability of precipitation in an and region: a survey of characteristics for Arizona, University of Arizona Institute of Atmospheric Physics Technical Report No. l.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monson, R.K. and Szarek, S.R. (1979) Ecophysiological studies of Sonoran Desert plants. V. Photosynthetic adaptions of Machaeranthera gracilis, a winter annual. Oecologia, 41, 317 – 27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H.A. (1980a) Seasonality and gradients in the study of stress adaptations, in Adaptations of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress(eds N.C. Turner and P.J. Kramer) Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 279 – 94.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H.A. (1980b) Photosynthetic plasticity of populations of Heliotropium curassavicumL. originating from differing thermal regimes. Oecologia, 45, 372 – 6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H.A. and Ehleringer, J. (1978) The carbon gain benefits of solar tracking in a desert annual. Plant, Cell, Environment, 1, 307 – 11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H.A. and Strain, B.R. (1964) Bark photosynthesis in ocotillo, Madroño, 17, 230 – 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H.J., Troughton, J.H. and Berry, J.A. (1974) Arid climates and photosynthetic systems. Carnegie Institution Washington Yearbook., 73, 793 – 805.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H. A., Ehleringer, J. and Berry, J. A. (1976) High photosynthetic capacity of a winter desert annual in Death Valley. Science, 194, 322–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H.A., Björkman, O. and Collatz, G.J. (1977a) Photosynthetic acclimation to temperature in the desert shrub, Larrea divaricata. I. Carbon dioxide exchange characteristics of intact leaves. Plant Physiology, 61, 406 – 10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mooney, H.A., Ehleringer, J. and Björkman, O. (1977b) The energy balance of leaves of the evergreen desert shrub Atriplex hymenelytra. Oecologia, 29, 301 – 10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mulroy, T.W. and Rundel, P.W. (1977) Annual plants: adaptations to desert environments. Bioscience, 27. 109 – 14.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nobel, P.S. (1978) Microhabitat, water relations and photosynthesis of a desert fern, Notholaena parryi, Oecologia, 31, 293 – 309.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobel, P.S. (1980) Water vapor conductance and CO2 uptake for leaves of a C4 desert grass, Hilaria rigida. Ecology, 61, 252 – 8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Odening, W.R., Strain, B.R. and Oechel, W.C. (1974) The effect of decreasing water potential on net CO2 exchange of intact desert shrubs. Ecology, 55, 1086 – 95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pearcy, R.W. (1977) Acclimation of photosynthetic and respiratory carbon dioxide exchange to growth temperature in Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) Wats. Plant Physiology, 59, 795 – 9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pianka, E.R. (1967) On lizard species diversity: North American flatland deserts. Ecology, 48, 333 – 51.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raison, J.K., Berry, J.A., Armond, P.A. and Pike, C.S. (1980) Membrane properties in relation to the adaptation of plants to temperature stress, in Adaptations of Plants to Water and High Temperature Stress(eds N.C. Turner and P.J. Kramer) Wiley-Interscience, New York, pp. 261 – 73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaffer, W.M. and Gadgil, M.D. (1975) Selection for optimal life histories in plants, in Ecology and Evolution of Communities(eds M.L. Cody and J. M. Diamond ), Belknap Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 142 – 57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schimper, A.F.W. (1903) Plant Geography Upon a Physiological Basis, Clarendon Press, Oxford.

    Google Scholar 

  • Seemann, J.R., Downton, W.J.S. and Berry, J.A. (1979) Field studies of acclimation to high temperature: winter emphemerals in Death Valley. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Yb., 78, 157 – 62.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sellers, W.D. and Hill, R. (1974) Arizona Climate 1931–1972, University of Arizona Press, Tucson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shreve, F. (1951) Vegetation of the Sonoran Desert, Carnegie Institute Washington Publication No. 591.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, B.B. (1977) Breeding systems of dominant perennial plants of two disjunct warm desert ecosystems. Oecologia, 27, 203 – 26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W.K. (1978) Temperatures of desert plants: another perspective on the adaptability of leaf size. Science, 201, 614 – 16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W.K. and Geller, G.N. (1980) Leaf and environmental parameters influencing transpiration: theory and field measurements. Oecologia, 46, 308 – 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. K. and Nobel, P. S. (1977) Influences of seasonal changes in leaf morphology on water-use efficiency for three desert broadleaf shrubs. Ecology, 58, 1033 – 43.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Steila, D. (1976) The Geography of Soils, Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stowe, L.G. and Teeri, J.A. (1978) The geographic distribution of C4 species of the Dicotyledonae in relation to climate. Amer. Nat., 112, 609 – 23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strain, B.R. and Chase, V.C. (1966) Effect of past and prevailing temperatures on the carbon dioxide exchange capacities of some woody desert perennials. Ecology, 47, 1043 – 5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Syvertsen, J.P., Nickell, G.L., Spellenberg, R.W. and Cunningham, G.L. (1976) Carbon reduction pathways and standing crop in three Chihuahuan Desert plant communities. Southwest. Nat., 21, 311–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Szarek, S.R. and Woodhouse, R.M. (1978) Ecophysiological studies of Sonoran Desert plants. IV. Seasonal photosynthetic capacities of Acacia greggii and Cercidium microphyllum. Oecologia, 37, 221 – 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Teeri, J.A. and Stowe, L.G. (1976) Climatic patterns and the distribution of C4 grasses in North America. Oecologia, 23, 1 – 12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Terjung, W.H., Ojo, S.O. and Swarts, S.W. (1970) A nighttime energy and moisture budget in Death Valley, California, in mid-August. Geog. Ann., 52A, 160 – 73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thekaekara, M.P. (1976) Solar radiation measurement: techniques and instrumentation. Solar Energy, 18, 309 – 25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walter, H. and Stadelmann, E. (1974) A new approach to the water relations of desert plants, in Desert Biology, Vol. 2 (ed. G. Brown), Academic Press, New York, pp. 213 – 310.

    Google Scholar 

  • Warming, E. (1909) Oecology of Plants: An Introduction to the Study of Plant Communities, Oxford University Press, London, UK.

    Google Scholar 

  • Went, F.W. (1948) Ecology of desert plants. I. Observations on germination in the Joshua Tree National Monument, California. Ecology, 29, 242 – 53.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Went, F.W. (1949) Ecology of desert plants. 11. The effect of rain and temperature on germination and growth. Ecology, 30, 1 – 13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Went, F.W. and Westergaard, M. (1949) Ecology of desert plants. III. Development of plants in the Death Valley National Monument, California. Ecology, 30, 26 – 38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werk, K.S. and Ehleringer, J. (1983) Photosynthesis by flowers of two shrubs, Encelia farinosa and Encelia californica. Oecologia, 57, 311 – 15.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Woodell, S.R.J., Mooney, H.A. and Hill, A.J. (1969) The behavior of Larrea divaricata(creosote bush) in response to rainfall in California. Journal of Ecology, 57, 37 – 44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1985 Chapman and Hall

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Ehleringer, J. (1985). Annuals and Perennials of warm deserts. In: Chabot, B.F., Mooney, H.A. (eds) Physiological Ecology of North American Plant Communities. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4830-3_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4830-3_7

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8641-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4830-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics