Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Limnology, the Study of Inland Waters: a Comment on Perceptions of Studies of Salt Lakes, Past and Present

  • Chapter
Limnology in Australia

Part of the book series: Monographiae Biologicae ((MOBI,volume 61))

Abstract

Perceptions of salt-lake studies held by limnologists are considered. It is noted that a commonly held modern view of limnology is that it is the study of fresh waters. It is argued that such a view is incorrect and unbalanced: because of the large number and wide distribution of salt lakes, their great scientific and economic importance, and the wide extent of studies concerning them over a period as great as that spanned by freshwater studies, salt lakes have a claim equally as valid as that of fresh waters for study by limnologists. An historical resume of the literature, largely on a continental basis, is provided in support of the argument. Limnology, it is concluded, is the study of inland waters, fresh and saline.

“Pereant qui ante nos nostra dixerunt” [To the devil with those who published before us]—Aelius Donatus, 4th Century, quoted by his student, St Jerome.

“Don’t quote Latin; say what you have to say, and then sit down”—Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington (1769–1852).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abich, H. (1846). Über Natronseen auf der Araxes-Ebene, nebst einem Anhange über die dortigen Sodapflanzen. J. Prakt. Chem. (Leipzig) 38, 1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Abich, H. (1856). Vergleichend chemische Untersuchungen des Wassers des Kaspischen Meeres, Urmia-und Vansees. Mem. Acad. St Petersb. 6, 9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alexander, J. E. (1824). Notice in regard to the saline lake of Loonar, situated in Berar. Edinb. Philos. J. 11, 308.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ambe, Y. (1984). Chemical characteristics of several inland waters in Afganistan. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 22, 289–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Baer, K. E. von. (1855). Über die Arbeiten und Leistungen der kaspischen Expedition im Laufe des Jahres 1853. Arch. Wiss. Kunde Russland (Berl.) 14, 312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beadle, L. C. (1932). Scientific results of the Cambridge expedition to the East African lakes, 1930-1. 4. The waters of some East African lakes in relation to the fauna and flora. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 38, 157–211.

    Google Scholar 

  • Beadle, L. C. (1943). An ecological survey of some inland saline waters of Algeria. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. 41, 218–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergsträsser, A. (1858). Salzseen des Gourvenements Astrachan und der Wolgan-Mündunger. Petermanns Mitt. (Gotha) 1858, 93–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brenner, A. (1817). Bemerkungen über den Selenginskischen und Borosinskischen Salzsee im Irkutzkischen Gouvernement. Russ. Samml. Naturw. Heilk. (Riga), 2, 272.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brewer, W. H. (1866). Observations on the presence of living species in hot and saline waters in California. Am. J. Sci. (New Haven) Ser. 2 41, 391–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bujor, P. (1900). Contribution a la faune des lacs sales de Roumanie. Ann. Soc. Univ. Jassy 1, 2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carnegie, D. W. (1898). Explorations in the interior of Western Australia, between Coolgardie and Kimberley. Scott. Geogr. Mag. 14, 113–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter, K. E. (1928). ‘Life in Inland Waters.’ (Sidgwick and Jackson: London.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chilton, C. (1920). On a new isopodan genus (family Oniscidae) from Lake Corangamite, Victoria. Proc. Linn. Soc. N.S.W. 44, 723–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, F. W. (1884). U.S. Geol. Surv. Bull. No. 9. [Not seen; however, the full analysis of Pyramid Lake, Nevada, is given in Clarke (1924)].

    Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, F. W. (1924). The composition of the river and lake waters of the United States. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Pap. No. 135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Collins, N. C. (1977). Ecological studies of terminal lakes—their relevance to limnology and population biology. In ‘Desertic Terminal Lakes’. (Ed. D. C. Greer.) pp. 411–20. (Utah State University: Logan.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooke, W. T. (1917). The iodine and bromine content of a sample of water from Lake Gairdner. Trans. Proc. R. Soc. S. Aust. 41, 39–40.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Craig, A. W., and Wilsmore, N. T. M. (1892). Note on an examination of water from L. Corangamite. Aust. Assoc. Adv. Sci. (Hobart) 1892, 270–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Daday, E. von. (1894). Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Mikrofauna der Natronwasser des Alfoldes. Math. Naturwiss. Ber. Ung. 11, 286–321.

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C. (1839). ‘Journal of Researches into the Geology and Natural History of the Various Countries Visited by H.M.S. Beagle, under the Command of Captain FitzRoy R.N., from 1832–36.’ (Colburn: London.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Darwin, C. (1846). ‘Geological Observations in South America. Being the Third Part of the Geology of the Voyage of the Beagle.’ (Smith, Elder: London.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Decksbach, N. F. (1924). Seen und Fliisse des Turgai-Gebietes (Kirgisen-Steppen). Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 2, 252–88.

    Google Scholar 

  • Eichwald, E. (1838). Einige Bemerkungen iiber das kaspische Meer. Arch. Naturgeschichte (Berl.) 4, 97–112.

    Google Scholar 

  • Elster, H. J. (1974). History of limnology. Mitt. Int. Ver. Limnol. 20, 7–30.

    Google Scholar 

  • Entz, G. (1901). Die Fauna der kontinentalen Kochsalzwasser. Math. Naturwiss. Ber. Ung. (Budapest) 19, 89–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fitzpatrick, A. S., and Strong, H. W. (1925). Investigation of waters and saline materials from Lake Eyre and district (central Australia). Proc. R. Soc. Victoria 37, 98–103.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Florentin, R. (1899). Etudes sur la faune des mares salees de Lorraine. Ann. Sci. Nat. Zool. Paleontol. 10, 209–49.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forel, F. A. (1892). ‘Le Leman: Monographic Limnologique.’ (Rouge: Lausanne.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fremont, J. C. (1845). Report of the exploring expedition to the Rocky Mountains in the year 1842 and to Oregon and northern California in the years 1843–44. Senate of the United States and House of Representatives. Senate No. 174, 28th Congress, 2nd Session. Washington, D.C.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauthier, M. H. (1928). ‘Recherches sur la Faune des Eaux Continentales de l’Algérie et de la Tunisie.’ (Minerva: Alger.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gauthier-Lièvre, L. (1931). ‘Recherches sur la Flore des Eaux Continentales de l’Algerie et de la Tunisie.’ (Minerva: Alger.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Glauert, C., and Feldtmann, F. R. (1928). Fresh light upon the origin of the salt lakes of Western Australia. Aust. Assoc. Adv. Sci. (Perth) 1926, 284–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gmelin, C. G. (1826). Chemische Untersuchung des Wassers vom Todten Meere. Naturwiss. Abhl. Ges. Württemberg. (Tubingen) 1, 334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Göbel, F. (1842). Resultate der chemischen Zerlegung des Wassers der Wichtigsten Salzseen and Salsbäche in der Kirgisensteppe und der Krim. Annl Phys. Chem. (Leipzig) 51(Ergänz), 181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Graves, R.J. (1851). An inquiry into the cause which renders the waters of the Dead Sea unfitted for the support of animal life. Edinb. New Philos. J. 51, 315.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, J. W. (1896). ‘The Great Rift Valley.’ (London.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, J. W. (1908). A journey around Lake Eyre. Scott. Geogr. Mag. 24, 355–65.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, J. W. (1914). The lake systems of Westralia. Geogr, J. 43, 656–64.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregory, J. W. (1916). The central lakes of Westralia and the Westralian peneplain. Geogr. J. 48, 326–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammer, U. T. (1978). The saline lakes of Saskatchewan. I. Background and rationale for saline lakes research. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. Hydrogr. 63, 173–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hedin, S. (1905). North and east Tibet. In ‘Scientific Results of a Journey in Central Asia 1899–1902. Vol. III’, pp. 59–134. (Lithographic Institute of the General Staff of the Swedish Army: Stockholm.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirsch, E. (1915). Salzgewässer and Salzfaunen. Arch. Hydrobiol. 10, 273–86.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hommaire de Hell, M. (1842). Sur l’origine des lacs sales de la mer Caspienne. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. (Paris) 14, 261–5.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howchin, W. (1901). Suggestions on the origin of the salt lagoons on southern Yorke Peninsula. Trans. R. Soc. S. Aust. 25, 1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E. (1932). Reports of the Percy Sladen expedition to some Rift Valley lakes in Kenya in 1929. — II. Notonectidae, Pleidae, and Corixidae from the Rift Valley lakes in Kenya. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 10 9, 323–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E. (1937a). A contribution to the limnology of arid regions. Primarily founded on observations made in the Lahontan Basin. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 33, 47–132.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E. (1937b). Limnological studies in Indian Tibet. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 35, 134–76.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson, G. E., Pickford, G. E., and Schuurman, J. F. M. (1932). A contribution to the hydrobiology of pans and other inland waters of South Africa. Arch. Hydrobiol. 24, 1–154.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jack, R. L. (1921). The salt and gypsum resources of South Australia. Geol. Surv. S. Aust. 8, 12–74.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkin, P. M. (1932). Reports on the Percy Sladen expedition to some Rift Valley lakes in Kenya in 1929—I. Introductory account of the biological survey of five freshwater and alkaline lakes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 10 9, 533–52.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jenkin, P. M. (1936). Reports on the Percy Sladen expedition to some Rift Valley lakes in Kenya in 1929—7. Summary of the ecological results, with special reference to the alkaline lakes. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 10 18, 133–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Joly, N. (1840). Histoire d’un petit Crustacé (Artemia salina), auquel on a faussement attribué la coloration en rouge des marais salants méditerranéens, suivies de recherches sur la cause reelle de cette coloration. Ann. Sci. Nat. (Paris) Zool. 13, 225–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jutson, J. T. (1934). The physiology (geomorphology) of Western Australia. Bull. Geol. Surv. West. Aust. No. 95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalecsinsky, A. von. (1901). Über der ungarischen warmen and heissen Kochsalzseen als natürliche Warmaccumulatoren, sowie über die Herstellung von warmen Salzseen und Warmaccumulatoren. Ann. Phys. 4(7), 408–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalinin, G. P., and Bykov, V. D. (1969). The world’s water resources, present and future. Impact Sci. Technol. 19, 135–50.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaproth, M. H. (1809). Chemische Untersuchung des Wassers vom Todten Meere. Mag. Ges. Naturf. Freunde (Berl.) 3, 139.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kuenen, D.J. (1938). On Parartemia zietzianaSayce (Crustacea, Phyllopoda). Zool. Meded. (Leiden) 20, 58–60.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kützing, F. T. (1833). Algologische Excursion am salzigen See im Mannsfeldischem im Jahre 1832. Flora Allg. Bot. Ztg (Regensburg) 16, 97–128.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampert, K. (1899). ‘Das Leben der Binnengewässer.’ (C. H. Tauchnitz: Leipzig.)

    Google Scholar 

  • La Touche, T. H. D. (1910). Lakes of the Salt Range in the Punjab. Rec. Geol. Surv. India XL, 36–51.

    Google Scholar 

  • La Touche, T. H. D. (1912). The geology of the Lonar Lake. With a note on the Lonar soda deposit, by W. A. K. Christie. Rec. Geol. Surv. India XLI, 266–85.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leidy, J. (1872). On Artemia salinafrom Salt Lake, Utah. Proc. Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci. 1872, 164.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löffler, H. (1956). Ergebnisse der Osterreichischen Iranexpedition 1940/50: Limnologische Beobachtungen an Iranischen Binnengewassern. Hydrobiologia 8, 201–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löffler, H. (1961). Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Iranischen Binnengewasser. II. Regional-limnologische Studie mit besonderer Berucksichtigung der Crustaceenfauna. Int. Rev. Gesamten Hydrobiol. 46, 309–406.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löffler, H. (1971). Geographische Verteilung und Entstehung von Alkaliseen. Sber. Ost. Akad. Wiss. Mat. Nat. Kl., Abt I 179, 163–70.

    Google Scholar 

  • Löffler, H. (1981). The winter condition of Lake Niriz in Southern Iran. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 21, 528–34.

    Google Scholar 

  • Macan, T. T. (1963). ‘Freshwater Ecology.’ (Longmans: London.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Madigan, C. T. (1930). An aerial reconnaissance into the south eastern portion of Central Australia. Proc. S. Aust. Branch R. Geogr. Soc. Australas. 30, 83–108.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcet, A. (1808). An analysis of the waters of the Dead Sea and the River Jordan. J. Nat. Philos. Chem. Arts 20(2nd Ser.), 25–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Marcet, A. (1819). Lake Ourmia, or Urumea, in Persia. Ann. Philos. (Lond.) 14, 150–1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mawson, D. (1929). Some South Australian algal limestones in process of formation. Q.J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 85, 613–23.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • McDougal, D. T. (1914). The Salton Sea. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. No. 193.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, D. E. (1980). Great Salt Lake: a historical sketch. In ‘Great Salt Lake: a Scientific, Historical and Economic Overview’. (Ed. J. W. Gwynn.) pp. 1–14. Utah Department of Natural Resources, Bull. No. 116.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell, T. L. (1837). ‘Three Expeditions into the Interior of Eastern Australia, with Descriptions of the Recently Explored Region of Australia Felix, and the Present Colony of New South Wales. Vol. II.’ (T. & W. Boone: London.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohner, F. (1867). Über einen Natron carbonicum enthaltenden Salzsee in Siberien. Pharm. Zeitschr. Russland (St. Petersb.) 6, 804.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moniez, R. (1891). Faune des lacs sales d’Algerie—Ostracodes. Mem. Soc. Zool. Fr. 4, 246–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Monod, T. (1969). A propos du Lac des Vers ou Bahr ed-Dud (Libie). Bull. Inst. Fondam. Afr. Noire Ser. A Sci. Nat. 31, 25–46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moritz, A. (1856). Über den Salzegehalt des Wassers an der Siidwestkiiste des Caspischen Meeres. Bull. Acad. Sci. St Petersb. 14, 161.

    Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J. (1910). Characteristics oflakes in general, and their distribution over the surface of the globe. In ‘Bathymetrical Survey of the Fresh Water Lochs of Scotland. Vol. I’. (Eds J. Murray and L. Pullar.) pp. 514–658. (Challenger Office: Edinburgh.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Naumann, E., and Thienemann, A. (1922). Vorschlag zur Gründung einer Internationalen Vereinigung für theoretische und angewandte Limnologie. Arch. Hydrobiol. 13, 585–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nissenbaum, A. (1979). Life in a dead sea—fable, allegories, and scientific search. Bioscience 29(3), 153–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oettinger, W. L. von. (1801). Über die ungarischen Sodaseen. Jahrb. Berg-Hüttenk (Nürnberg) No. 92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Orbigny, A. D. d’ (1835-1847). ‘Voyage dans l’Amérique Méridionale, le Brésil, la Republique Orientale de l’Uruguay... Vol. 3. Géologie.‘ (Pitois-Levrault: Paris.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Oudney, W. (1828). Excursion to the westward of Mourzak, in June, July, and August, 1822. In ‘Narrative of Travels and Discoveries in North and Central Africa’. 3rd Edn. (Eds Oudney, W) pp. 64–111. (London.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pappe, A., and Richmond, H. D. (1890). A central African salt lake. J. Soc. Chem. Ind. Lond. 9, 734.

    Google Scholar 

  • Plot, R. (1686). ‘The Natural History of Staffordshire.’ (The Theatre: Oxford.) [Not seen.]

    Google Scholar 

  • Pruthi, H. S. (1933). An ecological study of the fauna of the Khewra gorge and some other salt waters in the Salt Range, Punjab. Rec. Indian Mus. (Calcutta) 35, 87–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruinen, J. (1938). Notizen über Ciliaten aus konzentrierten Salzgewassern. Zool. Meded. (Leiden) 20, 243–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, I. C. (1885). Geological history of Lake Lahontan—a Quaternary lake of northwestern Nevada. Mon. U.S. Geol. Surv. No. 11.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, I. C. (1895). Present and extinct lakes of Nevada. Natl Geograph. Monogr. 1(4), 101–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruttner, F. (1940). ‘Grundri0β der Limnologie.’ (Walter de Gruyter: Berlin.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sars, G. O. (1897). Pelagic Entomostraca of the Caspian Sea. Ann. Mus. Zool. St Petersb. I, 1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sayce, O. A. (1903). The Phyllopoda of Australia, including descriptions of some new genera and species. Proc. R. Soc. Victoria 15, 224–61.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmankevich, V. I. (1877). Über Artemia mühlhausenii, M.Edw., aus dem Sakkischen Salzsee. Z. Wiss. Zool. (Leipzig) 28, 402–3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmidt, R. (1913). Die salzwasserfauna Westfalens. Jber. Westfal. Prov. Ver. Wiss. Kunst (Munster) 1913, 1–71.

    Google Scholar 

  • Serventy, V. (1985). ‘The Desert Sea. The Miracle of Lake Eyre in Flood.’ (Macmillan: Melbourne.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Siebold, C. T. E. von. (1876). Über die in München gezüchtete Artemia fertilisaus dem grossen Salsee von Utah. Verh. Schweiz. Naturforsch. Ges. (Basel) 61, 267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simony, F. (1850). Die Seen des Salzkammergutes. Sitzungsber. Akad. Wiss. Wien 1850, 542–66.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, E. S. (1916). Examination of Western Australian rocks, meteorites, and natural waters. Bull. Geol. Surv. West. Aust. No. 67.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, C. L. (1947). Hydrography of the salt pools. Bull. Inst. Egypte 28, 139–56.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stanković, S. (1931). Sur les particularites limnologiques des lacs egeens. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 5, 158–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stirling, E. C. (1900). The physical features of Lake Callabonna. Mem. R. Soc. S. Aust. 1, 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Temple, R. F. (1863). Über die sogenannten Soda-Seen in Ungarn. Jahresber. Wetterauischen Ges. Gesamte Naturkd. Hanau 1861–63, 95.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thienemann, A. (1913). Die Salzwassertierwelt Westfalens. Verh. Dtsch. Zool. Ges. Berlin 3, 56–68.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thienemann, A. (Ed.) (1925). Das Salzwasser von Oldesloe. Mitt. Geogr. Ges. Naturhist. Mus. Ser. 2(30), 1–245.

    Google Scholar 

  • Torres Moñoz y Luna, R. (1854). Des dépôts salins des lacs de la province de Tolède (Espagne). J. Pharm. Chim. (Pans) 3 e Ser. 26, 125–7.

    Google Scholar 

  • Tundisi, J. G. (1982). Shallow waters in South America: present knowledge and perspectives for future research and management. In ‘Ecosystem Dynamics in Freshwater Wetlands and Shallow Water Bodies. Vol. 1’. pp. 63–97. (Centre of International Projects GKNT: Moscow.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallentyne, J. R. (1972). Freshwater supplies and pollution: effects of the demophoric explosion on water and man. In ‘The Environmental Future’. (Ed. N. Polunin.) pp. 181–211. (Macmillan: London.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Virlet d’Aoust, T. (1865). Sur les salures différentes et les différents degrés de salure de certains lacs du Mexique. Bull. Soc. Geol. Fr. N.S. 22, 464.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagner, P. A. (1922). The Pretoria salt-pan. A soda caldera. South African Department of Mines and Industries, Geological Survey, Mem. No. 20.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward, T. (1878). The salt lakes, deserts and salt districts of Asia. Proc. Lit. Philos. Soc. Liverpool 32, 233–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Welch, P. S. (1935). ‘Limnology.’ (McGraw-Hill: New York.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Wetzel, R. G. (1983). ‘Limnology.’ 2nd Edn. (Saunders College Publishing: Philadelphia.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, W. D. (1972). The uniqueness of salt lake ecosystems. In ‘Productivity Problems of Freshwaters’. (Eds Z. Kajak and A. Hillbricht-Ilkowska.) pp. 349–62. (Polish Academy of Science: Warsaw.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, W. D. (1981). Problems in the management of inland saline lakes. Verh. Int. Ver. Limnol. 21, 688–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams, W. D., and Lawson, S. (1985). ‘Salt in Inland Waters. A Select Ecological and Environmental Bibliography.’ (Department of Resources and Energy: Canberra.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodward, H. P. (1897). The dry lakes of Western Australia. Geol. Mag. (Lond.) 4, 363–6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worthington, E. B. (1932). Scientific results of the Cambridge expedition to the East African lakes, 1930–1.— 1. General introduction and station list. J. Linn. Soc. Zool. 38(258), 99.

    Google Scholar 

  • Worthington, E. B. (1983). ‘The Ecological Century. A Personal Appraisal.’ (Clarendon Press: Oxford.)

    Google Scholar 

  • Young, R. T. (1924). The life of Devil’s Lake, North Dakota. Publications of the North Dakota Biological Station, 1924.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zacharias, O. (1888). Zur Kenntnis der Fauna des siissen und salzigen Sees bei Halle a S. Z. Wiss. Zool. 46, 217.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Zoology, University of Adelaide, Box 498, G.P.O., Adelaide, S.A., 5001, Australia

    W. D. Williams

Authors
  1. W. D. Williams
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., 3168, Australia

    Patrick De Deckker

  2. Department of Zoology, University of Adelaide, Box 498, G.P.O., Adelaide, S.A., 5001, Australia

    W. D. Williams

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1986 CSIRO — Australia

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Williams, W.D. (1986). Limnology, the Study of Inland Waters: a Comment on Perceptions of Studies of Salt Lakes, Past and Present. In: De Deckker, P., Williams, W.D. (eds) Limnology in Australia. Monographiae Biologicae, vol 61. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4820-4_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4820-4_29

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-94-010-8636-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-4820-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation