Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Hormonal Control of Bud and Seed Dormancy in Woody Plants

  • Chapter
Plant Hormones and their Role in Plant Growth and Development

Abstract

Perennial woody plants of the temperate zone have evolved a dormancy mechanism which helps them to survive winter cold. This mechanism exerts a major influence on their growth and development, to the point where it is probably the single most important factor preventing the adaptation of most temperate zone woody plants to tropical areas. Much is known about the physiology of dormancy, but the basic biochemical mechanism through which it operates is still a mystery. It is commonly assumed to be hormonally controlled, and indeed there is considerable evidence that hormones may play a role in its regulation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. Alscher-Herman, R., Musgrave, M., Leopold, A.C., Khan, A.A. (1981) Respiratory changes with stratification of pear seeds. Physiol. Plant. 52, 156–160.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Barton, L.V. (1956) Growth response of physiologic dwarfs of Malus arnoldiania Sarg to gibberellic acid. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Institute 18, 311–317.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Black, M. (1980/81). The role of endogenous hormones in germination and dormancy. Israel J. Bot. 29, 181–192.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Blommaert, K.L.J., Hurter, N. (1959) Growth response of physiologic dwarf seedlings of peach, apricot and plum to gibberellic acid. S. African J. Agric. Sci. 2, 409.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Borkowska, B. (1976) Variations in activity of cytokinin-like compounds in apple buds during release from dormancy. Biochem. Physiol. Pflanzen 170, 153–157.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Borkowska, B., Powell, L.E. (1982/83) Abscisic acid relationships in dormancy of apple buds. Scientia Hort. 18, 111–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Bradbeer, J.W. (1968). Studies in seed dormancy. IV. The role of endogenous inhibitors and gibberellin in the dormancy and germination of Corylus avellana L. seeds. Planta 78, 266–276.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Broome, O.C., Zimmerman, R.H. (1976). Breaking bud dormancy in tea crabapple [Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd.] with cytokinins. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 101, 28–30.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Cole, M.E., Solomos, T., Faust, M. (1982) Growth and respiration of dormant flower buds of Pyrus communis and Pyrus calleryana. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 107, 226–231.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Couvillon, G.A., Erez, A. (1985) Influence of prolonged exposure to chilling temperatures on bud break and heat requirement for bloom of several fruit species. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 110, 47–50.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Eagles, C.F., Wareing, P.F. (1964) The role of growth substances in the regulation of bud dormancy. Physiol. Plant. 17, 697–708.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Flemion, F., Beardow, J. (1965) Production of seedlings from non-chilled seeds. II. Effect of subsequent cold periods on growth. Contrib. Boyce Thompson Institute 23, 101–107.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Gianfagna, T.J., Rachmiel, S. (1983) Changes in gibberellin-like activity and seed germination. Plant Physiol. Supplement 72, p. 99.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Gianfagna, T.A., Rachmiel, S. (1986) Changes in gibberellin-like substances of peach seed during stratification. Physiol. Plant 66, 154–158.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Grochowska, M.J., Karaszewska, A., Jankowska, B., Maksymiuk, J., Williams, M.W. (1984) Dormant pruning influence on auxin, gibberellin, and cytokinin levels in apple trees. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109, 312–318.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Halinska, A., Lewak, S. (1978) The presence of bound gibberellins in apple seeds. Bull. Acad. Polonaise Des Sciences. Biol. Sci. Ser. CI. II, 20, 119–121.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Hatch, A.H., Walker, D.R. (1969) Rest intensity of dormant peach and apricot leaf buds as influenced by temperature, cold hardiness and respiration. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 94, 304–307.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hewett, E.W., Wareing, P.F. (1973) Cytokinins in Populus x robusta: Changes during chilling and bud burst. Physiol. Plant. 28, 393–399.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Isaia, A., Bulard, C. (1978) Relative levels of some bound and free gibberellins in dormant and after-ripened embryos of Pyrus malus cv. Golden Delicious. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 90, 409–414.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Julin-Tegelman, A. (1983) Levels of endogenous cytokinin-like substances in Rosa rugosa achenes during dormancy release and early germination. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 110, 89–95.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Julin-Tegelman, A., Pinfield, N. (1982) Changes in the level of endogenous cytokinin- like substances in Acer pseudoplatanus embryos during stratification and germination. Physiol. Plant. 54, 318–322.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Kepczynski, J., Rudnicki, R.M., Khan,. A.A. (1977) Ethylene requirement for germination of partly after-ripened apple embryo. Physiol. Plant 40, 292–295.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Kester, D.E. (1969) Pollen effects on chilling requirements of almond and almond-peach hybrid seeds. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 94, 318–321.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kopecky, F. Sebanek, J. Blazkova, J. (1975) Time course of the changes in the level of endogenous growth regulators during the stratification of the seeds of the ‘Panenske ceske’ apple. Biol. Plant 17, 81–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Kozlowski, T.T. (1971) Growth and development of trees, Vol. 1, Academic Press, pp. 314–316.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Lang, G.A., Early, J.D., Arroyave, N.J., Darnell, R.L., Martin, G.C., Stutte, G.W. (1985) Dormancy: Toward a reduced, universal terminology. HortScience 20, 809–812.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Lewak, S., Bryzek, B. (1974) The influence of cytokins on apple embryo photo-sensitivity and acid phosphatase activity during stratification. Biol. Plant 16, 334–340.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Luckwill, L.C. (1952) Growth-inhibiting and growth-promoting substances in relation to the dormancy and after-ripening of apple seeds. J. Hort. Sci. 27, 53–67.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Metzger, J.D. (1985) Role of gibberellins in the environmental control of growth in Thlaspi arvense L. Plant Physiol. 78, 8–13.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Nitsch, J.P. (1957) Photoperiodism is woody plants. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 70, 526–544.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Orlando, B., Dennis, F.G. (1977) Abscisic acid and apple seed dormancy. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 102, 633–637.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Paiva, E., Robitaille, H.A. (1978) Breaking bud rest on detached apple shoots: Effects of wounding and ethylene. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Soc. 103, 101–104.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Pasternak, G.P., Powell, L.E. (1980) Chilling requirements of apple seeds from cultivars having low and high chilling requirements for shoot growth. HortScience 15, 408.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Pieniazek, J. (1964) Kinetin induced breaking of dormancy in 8-month old apple seedlings on ‘Antonovka’ variety. Acta Agrobotanica 16, 157–169.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Powell, L.E. (1982) Shoot growth in woody plants and possible participation of abscisic acid. In Plant Growth Substances 1982, pp. 363–372, Wareing, P. F., ed., Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  36. Powell, L.E., Maybee, C. (1984) Changes in abscisic acid during chilling in buds of twenty apple cultivars. HortScience 19, 584.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Richardson, E.A., Seeley, S.D., Walker, D.R. (1974) A model for estimating the completion of rest for ‘Redhaven’ and ‘Elberta’peachtrees. HortScience 9, 331–332.

    Google Scholar 

  38. Richardson, E.A., Seeley, S.D., Walker, D.R., Anderson, J.L., Ashcroft, G.L. (1975) Pheno-climatography of spring peach bud development. HortScience 10, 236–237.

    Google Scholar 

  39. Ross, J.D. (1983) Metabolic control of dormancy breakage in hazel. Plant Physiol. Supplement 72, 98.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rudnicki, R. (1969) Studies on abscisic acid in apple seeds. Planta 86, 63–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Rudnicki, R., Saniewski, M., Millikan, D.F. (1973) The effect of exogenous plant hormones upon the stratification of apple seeds. Proc. Res. Inst. Pomology Ser. E. No. 3, 539–552.

    Google Scholar 

  42. Seeley, S.D., Powell, L.E. (1981) Seasonal changes of free and hydroloyzable abscisic acid in vegetative apple buds. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 106, 405–409.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Shaltout, A.D., Unrath, C.R. (1983) Rest completion prediction model for ‘Starkrimson Delicious’ apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108, 957–961.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Swartz, H.J., Powell, L.E. (1981) The effect of long chilling requirement on time of bud break in apple. Acta Hort. 120, 173–178.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Swartz, H.J., Geyer, A.S., Powell, L.E., Lin, S.C. (1984) The role of bud scales in the dormancy of apples. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 109, 745–749.

    Google Scholar 

  46. Tillberg, E. (1977) Indoleacetic acid levels in Phaseolus, Zea and Pinus during seed germination. Plant Physiol. 60, 317–319.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Tillberg, E. (1984) Levels of endogenous indole-3-acetic acid in achenes of Rosa rugosa during dormancy release and germination. Plant Physiol. 76, 84–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Tillberg, E., Pinfield, N.J. (1981) The dynamics of indole-3-acetic acid in Acer platanoides seeds during stratification and germination. Physiol. Plant 53, 34–38.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Trewavas, A.J. (1982) Growth substances sensitivity: the limiting factor in plant development. Physiol. Plant. 55, 60–72.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Tzou, D., Galson, E., Sondheimer, E. (1973) The metabolism of hormones during seed germination and release from dormancy. Plant Physiol. 51, 894–897.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Wang, S.Y., Faust, M., Steffens, G.L. (1985) Metabolic change in cherry flower buds associated with breaking of dormancy in early and late blooming cultivars. Physiol. Plant. 65, 89–94.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Webb, D.P., Van Staden, J., Wareing, P.F. (1973) Seed dormancy in Acer. Changes in endogenous cytokinins, gibberellins and germination inhibitors during breaking of dormancy in Acer saccharum Marsh. J. Expt. Bot. 24, 105–106.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Westwood, M.N., Bjornstad, H.O. (1968) Chilling requirements of dormant seeds of 14 pear species as related to their climatic adaptation. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 92, 141–149.

    Google Scholar 

  54. Williams, K.M. (1985) ATPase activity and water uptake in apple seeds during stratification. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Wood, B.W. (1983) Changes in indoleacetic acid, abscisic acid, gibberellins, and cytokinins during budbreak in pecan. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 108, 333–338.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  56. Young, E., Werner, D.J. (1986) 6-BA applied after shoot and/or root chilling and its effect on growth resumption in apple and peach. HortScience 21, 280–281.

    Google Scholar 

  57. Zimmerman, R.H., Lieberman, M., Broome, O.C. (1977) Inhibitory effect of a rhizobitoxine analog on bud growth after release from dormancy. Plant Physiol. 59 158–160.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14853, USA

    Loyd E. Powell

Authors
  1. Loyd E. Powell
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Section of Plant Biology New York State College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    Peter J. Davies

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Powell, L.E. (1987). The Hormonal Control of Bud and Seed Dormancy in Woody Plants. In: Davies, P.J. (eds) Plant Hormones and their Role in Plant Growth and Development. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3585-3_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3585-3_28

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht

  • Print ISBN: 978-90-247-3498-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-94-009-3585-3

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation