Abstract
The present paper addresses the question whether there are areas of conflict between currently accepted standards of scientific research in the biomedical and social sciences and ethical standards implying a respect for human beings. One may view it as a conflict between two ethics: an “ethics of knowledge” (objective truth is the highest value) and an “ethics of beneficence” (one should seek the good for mankind); or as a conflict between two conceptions of science: “pure” science, and “other” science.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
Bibliography
Altman, D. G.: 1980–1981, ‘Statistics and Ethics in Medical Research: A Series of Eight Articles’, British Medical Journal, 1980: 281, (1) 1182–1184 (2) 1267–1269, (3) 1336–1338, (4) 1339–1401, (5) 1473–1475, (6) 1542–1544, (7) 1612–1614;
Altman, D. G.: 1980–1981, ‘Statistics and Ethics in Medical Research: A Series of Eight Articles’, British Medical Journal 1981: 282, (8) 44–47.
Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics, Book X. Ed. Bekker, 1831, II, 1172–1181.
Beecher, H. K.: 1966, ‘Ethics and Clinical Research’, New England Journal of Medicine 274, 1354–1360.
Bernard, C.: 1865, Introduction à l’étude de la médecine expérimentale, Paris;
English translation by H. C. Green (1957), An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine, Dover Publications, New York.
Brackenridge, C. J.: 1981, ‘Ethical Aspects of Plans to Combat Huntington’s Disease’, Journal of Medical Ethics 7, 24–27.
Code de déontologie médicale, 30 Juin 1979, Décret n° 79–506 du 28 juin 1979, Journal Officiel, Paris.
Dangoumau, J.: 1982, Expérimentation clinique: essais thérapeutiques, pharmacovigilance, pharmacologie clinique. Rapport rédigé pour le Ministre de la Santé, Paris.
Dworkin, G.: 1981, ‘Taking Risks Assessing Responsibility’, Hastings Center Report 11 (5), 26–31.
Eisenberg, L.: 1977, ‘The Social Imperatives of Medical Research’, Science 198,1105–1110.
Fagot, A.: 1982, ‘Science et éthique’, in G. Fløistad (ed.) Contemporary Philosophy: A New Survey, Vol. 3, pp. 277–349, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Haag, Holland. Reprinted in Fagot-Largeault, A. (1985), L’homme bio éthique, Maloine, Paris.
Hollon, S. D. and DeRubeis, R. J.: 1981, ‘Placebo-Psychotherapy Combinations: Inappropriate Representations of Psychotherapy in Drug-Psychotherapy Comparative Trials’, Psychological Bulletin 90, 467–477.
Jonas, H.: 1969, ‘Philosophical Reflections on Experimenting with Human Subjects’, Daedalus 98, 219–247.
Lindley, D. V.: 1965, ‘The Effect of Ethical Design Considerations on Statistical Analysis’, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, C 24, 2, 218–228.
May W. W.: 1975, ‘The Composition and Function of Ethical Committees’, Journal of Medical Ethics 1, 23–29.
Médecine et expérimentation: 1982, Cahiers de bioéthique, 4, Centre de bioéthique de l’Institut de Recherches Cliniques de Montréal, Presses de l’Université Laval, Québec.
Monod, J.: 1970, Le hasard et la nécessité: essai sur la philosophie naturelle de la biologie moderne, Seuil, Paris.
National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research: Report and Recommendations: Research on the Fetus, DHEW (OS) 1976–127; Appendix: DHEW (OS) 1976–128. The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for Research Involving Human Subjects, DHEW (OS) 1978–0012, U.S. Government Printing Office, Bethesda, Maryland.
Popper, K. R.: 1961, ‘Facts, Standards and Truth: A Further Criticism of Relativism’ (First Addendum to Volume II), The Open Society and Its Enemies, Fifth Edition Revised (1966), Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, England.
Royer, P.: 1982, ‘L’éthique et la pédiatrie’, Concours Médical 104 (25), 4088–4092.
Schwartz, D., Flamant, R. and Lellouch, J.: 1970, L’essai thérapeutique chez l’homme, Flammarion Médecine-Sciences, 2e édition (1981), Paris; English translation by M. J. R. Healy, Clinical Trials, Academic Press, London, England.
Veatch, R. M.: 1981, ‘Protecting Human Subjects: The Federal Government Steps Back’, Hastings Center Report 11 (3), 9–12.
Villey, R.: 1979, ‘La déontologie des essais thérapeutiques’, Bull. Ordre N. Med. 5, 205–220.
White, S. J.: 1979, ‘Statistical Errors in the B.J.P.’, British Journal of Psychiatry 135, 336.
Willer, J. C., Dehen, H., and Cambier, J.: 1982, ‘Analgésie provoquée par le stress, étude électrophysiologique chez l’homme’, Nouv. Presse Med. 11–18, 1389–1391.
World Medical Association: 1964, Declaration of Helsinki.
World Medical Association: 1975, Declaration of Tokyo.
Zelen, M.: 1979, ‘A New Design for Randomized Clinical Trials’, New England Journal of Medicine 300, 1242–1245.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1988 Kluwer Academic Publishers
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Fagot-Largeault, A.M. (1988). Epistemological Presuppositions Involved in the Programs of Human Research. In: Spicker, S.F., Alon, I., de Vries, A., Engelhardt, H.T. (eds) The Use of Human Beings in Research. Philosophy and Medicine, vol 28. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2705-6_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2705-6_9
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
Print ISBN: 978-94-010-7719-4
Online ISBN: 978-94-009-2705-6
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive