Abstract
Japan’s universities were established in order to import Western knowledge and ideas to assist in the development of the nation beginning in the mid-19th century. Because it was never colonized and because it has sucessfully developed not only its academic system but also its economy, Japan is a particularly significant case study. Japan’s academic development can be seen in two phases. First there was a “window shopping” period in which many Western models were explored and some partially adopted. Second, there has been an “involvement” mode in which specific Western models are adopted. This essay follows the development of Japanese higher education through its various phases, including the post World War Two impact of the United States and the growth of a mass university system. The process of internationalization of various foreign influences is examined.
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Notes
The original Japanese text is reprinted in S. Nakayama et al. (ed.), Nihon kagaku gijutsushi taikei (Source books of the history of science and technology in Japan) vol. 8 (Tokyo, Daiichi-hoki, 1967), pp. 35–36.
Tokyo daigaku hyakunensi (Hundred years of the University of Tokyo) (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1984), pp. 305–311.
Ikuo Amano, “Continuity and Change in the Structure of Japanese Higher Education” in Changes in the Japanese University; A Comparative Perspective, eds. W.K. Cummings, I. Amano & K. Kitamura (New York: Praeger, 1978) p. 38.
Kaigo Muneomi and Terasaki Masao, Daigaku kyoiku (University education) (Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press, 1969), pp. 92–96.
Harry C. Kelly, Interview by Charles Weiner (1975). Institute Archives and Special Collections, MIT Archives.
“Reorganization of Science and Technology in Japan”, Report to the American Academy of Science, issued in August 28, 1947.
Personal communication.
B.R. Clark, “The Japanese System of Higher Education in Comparative Perspective” in W. Cummings et al. eds., Changes in the Japanese University, p. 237 and also B. R. Clark, The Higher Education System (University of California Press: Berkeley, 1983) p. 143.
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© 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Nakayama, S. (1989). Independence and choice: Western impacts on Japanese higher education. In: Altbach, P.G., Selvaratnam, V. (eds) From Dependence to Autonomy. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2563-2_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2563-2_4
Publisher Name: Springer, Dordrecht
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