Abstract
Biosiliceous sediments in the modern ocean reflect present-day oceanographic conditions and are incorporated into the geological record beneath regions of high surface water productivity. Although numerous regional factors influence the deposition and preservation of these sediments, the distribution of biosiliceous sediments throughout the Tertiary mainly records the presence of high surface water productivity which responds to changes in surface and deep water circulation due to progressive polar cooling and the tectonic opening and closing of oceanic gateways.
The early Tertiary was characterized by circum-global equatorial surface circulation and deposition of biosiliceous sediments in marginal and inland sea environments. Polar cooling and latitudinal restriction of the circum-Tethys during the middle Eocene resulted in intensified oceanic circulation, upwelling, and deposition of biosiliceous sediments in the equatorial regions and in the North Atlantic basin. Increased global cooling during the earliest Oligocene and middle Miocene further developed the thermal contrast between the high and low latitudes invigorating oceanic circulation and enhancing biosiliceous sedimentation in the high latitudes. Continued global cooling during the Pliocene increased the thermal gradient and caused the final decoupling of surface and deep water masses resulting in the geographically restricted upwelling regions observed today.
In this paper we present the evolution of biosiliceous sedimentation patterns for Eocene through Quaternary times. In so doing we have integrated both oceanic and continental sequences in order to address the response of biosiliceous sediments to changing global and regional conditions.
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Baldauf, J.G., Barron, J.A. (1990). Evolution of Biosiliceous Sedimentation Patterns — Eocene Through Quaternary: Paleoceanographic Response to Polar Cooling. In: Bleil, U., Thiede, J. (eds) Geological History of the Polar Oceans: Arctic versus Antarctic. NATO ASI Series, vol 308. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2029-3_32
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