Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Use

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Integrated Pest Management

Abstract

Worldwide, integrated pest management (IPM) is the policy decision for pest management. It has been five decades since the development of threshold theory and harmonious control strategies were the domain of pest management research in the USA, Canada, and some parts of Europe. In the 1970s the work on development and validation of IPM technologies started in developing countries. The implementation of IPM and pesticide reduction programs has been in place in the developed and developing countries for the last three to four decades. There are plausible questions raised about the objectives of IPM, adoption of IPM practices, and pesticide use. Questions are also being raised on the use of robust indicators to measure the impact of IPM research and extension. Pesticide use by volume, pesticide use by treatment frequency index, reduction in use of more toxic pesticides, and environmental impact quotient have been used as IPM impact evaluation indicators. Low volume pesticides and transgenic crops both decreased and stabilized pesticide use in the 1990s and early 2000s. Since then, the pesticide sales regained an upward trajectory, and pesticide use in agriculture has increased. Transgenetic crops were thus not proven to be a perfect technique in IPM. We propose that the reduction in pesticide use frequency and the environmental impact quotient be the primary indicators to evaluate the success of IPM programs in the future. We have moved full circle from IPM to integrated pest and pesticide management. This chapter analyzes the development and implementation of IPM programs in the developed and developing countries and their impact on pesticide use.

The king is dead: Long live the king

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Chemist from American Cyanamid: Source: http://www.pophistorydig.com/?p=11132

  2. 2.

    Personal communication from Dr. R J Bryant, Brychem, UK

  3. 3.

    http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/ipm/en/

  4. 4.

    USDA, ERS Estimates

References

  • Agranova. (2008). Agrochemicals-Executive Review (19th ed.). UK: Agranova.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agranova. (2012). Agrochemicals-Executive Review (23th ed.). UK: Agranova.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agranova. (2013a). Agrochemicals-Executive Review (24th ed.). UK: Agranova.

    Google Scholar 

  • Agranova. (2013b). Crop Protection Activities (online database of global sales and volumes) published by Agranova and updated annually (www.agranova.co.uk)

  • Agricultural Economic Report. (2011). Agricultural Economic Report 2011 of the Netherlands Summary. The Hague, Netherlands: Agricultural Economics Research Institute. www.lei.wur.nl.

  • Agrow. (2005). First growth in global agrochemical market for a decade. Agrow, 466, 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Alagh, Y. K. (1988). Pesticides in India agriculture. Economic & Political Weekly, 20, 1959–1964.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan Woodburn Associates. (1999). Agrochemicals: Executive Review 1999. Published by Allan Woodburn Associates, Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Allan Woodburn Associates. (2005). Agrochemicals-Executive Review 2005. Reported In: First growth in global agrochemical market for a decade. Agrow, 466, 18.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous. (1998). Pesticide information, 24(1), 46.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anonymous. (2012). The agricultural pesticide load in Denmark 2007–2010. Environmental Review, 5. http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publikationer/2012/03/978-87-92779-96-0.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2013.

  • Aubertot, J. N., Barbier, J. M., Carpentier, A., Gril, J. J., Guichard, L., Lucas, P., Savary, S., Savini, I., & Voltz, M. (Eds.). (2005). Pesticides, agriculture and the environment: Reducing the use of pesticides and limiting their environmental impact. Executive Summary of the Expert Report, INRA et Cemagref (France). http://institut.inra.fr/en/Missions/Inform-public-decision-making/Scientific-Expert-Reports/All-the-news/Pesticides-agriculture-and-the-environment. Accessed 22 Feb 2014.

  • Bannett, R. M., Ismeal, Y., Kambhampati, U., & Morse, S. (2004). Economic impact of genetically modified cotton in India. The Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management and Economics, 7, 96–100.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bellinder, R., Gummesson, G., & Karlsson, C. (1994). Percentage-driven government mandates for pesticide reduction: The Swedish model. Weed Technology, 8, 350–359.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benbrook, C. M. (2012). Impacts of genetically engineered crops on pesticide use in the U.S.—The first sixteen years. Environmental Sciences Europe, 24, 24. doi:10.1186/2190-4715-24-24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berkhout, P., & van Bruchem, C. (Eds.). (2005). Agricultural economic report 2005 of the Netherlands: English summary. Agricultural Economics Research Institute (LEI), The Hague, The Netherlands. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/handle/29086. Accessed 22 Feb 2014.

  • Bichel Committee. (1999). Report from the Main Committee. Danish environmental protection agency. http://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/1998/87-7909-445-7/html/default_eng.htm. Accessed 31 Jan 2012.

  • Birthal, P. S., & Jha, D. (1997). Socio-economic impact analysis of integrated pest management programmes. In National Symposium on IPM in India—Constraints and Opportunities (October 23–24). New Delhi: Indian Agricultural Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boller, E. F., Avilla, J., Gendrier, J. P., Joerg, E., & Malavolta, C. (Eds.). (1998). Integrated production in Europe: 20 years after the declaration of Ovronnaz. IOBC wprs Bulletin, 21(1), 41. www.iobc.ch.

  • Brown, A. W. A. (1958). Insecticide resistance in arthropods. World Health Organization Monograph Series 38, Geneva World Health Organization.

    Google Scholar 

  • BVL (2013). Absatz an Pflanzenschutzmitteln in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Bundesamt für Verbraucherschutz und Lebensmittelsicherheit (The Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety), Germany. http://www.bvl.bund.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/04_Pflanzenschutzmittel/meld_par_19_2011_EN.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=2. Accessed 16 March 2013.

  • Carson, R. (1962). Silent Spring. New York: Fawcett Crest.

    Google Scholar 

  • CBS (2004, 2006) Statistical yearbook of the Netherlands 2004 and 2006.Statistics Netherlands, Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Wageningen UR and Plant Protection Service; RIVM/CBS (Statistics Netherlands) PrinsesBeatrixlaan 428 2273 XZ Voorburg, The Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • CBS. (2006). Use of agricultural pesticides stable.Web Magazine, 07 February 2006, Statistics Netherlands. http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/landbouw/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2006/2006-1877-wm.htm. Accessed 22 Feb 2014.

  • CBS (2010). Statistical Yearbook 2010, Statistics Netherlands. www.cbs.nl/statistical yearbook4.CBS/LEI(n/d). Pesticide use in the Netherlands in the 1990s. http://www.pame.wur.nl/2-plant/envprob/envbx12.htm. Accessed 31 Jan 2013.

  • Chen, Y. L. (1979). Control and eradicate Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen). In S. J. Ma (Ed.)., Integrated Control of Major Insect Pests in China. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, Y. X. (2007). Agricultural Environment Protection. Bejing: Chemical Industry Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J. L., & Han, Q. X. (2005). Influencing factors and countermeasures of implementing integrated pest management in China. Journal of Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Technology, 18(2), 51–58.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J., & Dobson, H. (2007). The benefits of pesticides to mankind and environment. Crop Protection, 26, 1337–1348.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cramer, H. H. (1967). Plant protection and world crop production. Bayer Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten, 20, 1–524.

    Google Scholar 

  • CropLife. (2009). Facts and Figures—The Status of Global Agriculture. CropLife International aisbl, 2009. http://www.croplife.org/. Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • David, C., Bernard, C., & Just, F. (Eds.). (2000). Sustainable Agriculture in Europe State of the Art and Policies in Five European Countries: Denmark, France, Latvia, Netherlands, and Spain. European research project DG XII environment and climate programme contract no. ENV4-97-0443 and IC20 CT-97–0035. http://adm-websrv3a.sdu.dk/mas/Reports/MASReport1.pdf. Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • De Jong, F. M., De Snoo, G. R., & Loorij, T. P. (2001). Trends of Pesticide Use in the Netherlands.Mededelingen (Rijksuniversiteit te Gent. Fakulteit van de Landbouwkundige en Toegepaste Biologische Wetenschappen), 66(2b), 823–834.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dewar, A. (2005). Agrow’s Top 20: 2005 edition. T & F Informa UK Ltd.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhaliwal, G. S., & Arora, R. (1996). An estimate of yield losses due to insect pests in Indian agriculture. Indian Journal of Ecology, 23, 70–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dhaliwal, G. S., Arora, R., & Sandhu, M. S. (1992). Operational research project at the door of cotton growers. Farmer Parliament, 27, 15–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinham, B. (1996). The success of a voluntary code in reducing pesticide hazards in developing countries. Green Globe Yearbook. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinham, B. (2005). Agrochemical markets soar—Pest pressures or corporate design? Pesticide News. http://www.pan-uk.org/pestnews/Issue/pn68/pn68p9.htm. Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • DPPQS. (2013). Directorate of plant protection quarantine and storage. Government of India.http://ppqs.gov.in/Ipmpest_main.htm. Accessed 3 March 2014.

  • Dudani, A. T., & Sengupta, S. (1991). Status of Banned and Bannable Pesticides. New Delhi: Voluntary Health Association of India.

    Google Scholar 

  • EC. (2007). European Union Policy for a Sustainable use of Pesticides: The Story Behind the Strategy. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ecolabel. Accessed 14 Feb 2013.

  • EC. (2010). Thematic Strategy on Sustainable Use of Pesticides. Europa website, European Commission. http://ec.europa.eu/environment/ppps/synth/contents.htm. Accessed Nov 2012.

  • ECPA. (2013a). Annual European Crop Protection Agency Crop Protection Statistical Review: France. http://www.ecpa.eu/information-page/industry-statistics-france. Accessed 14 Jan 2013.

  • ECPA. (2013b). ECPA. (2013a). Annual European Crop Protection Agency Crop Protection Statistical Review: Italy. http://www.ecpa.eu/information-page/industry-statistics-italy. Accessed 14 Jan 2013.

  • ECPA. (2013c). Annual European Crop Protection Agency Crop Protection Statistical Review: Netherlands. http://www.ecpa.eu/information-page/industry-statistics-netherlands. Accessed 14 Jan 2013.

  • Ekstrom, G., Hemming, H., & Palmborg, M. (1996). Swedish pesticide risk reduction 1981–1995: Food residues, health hazards, and reported poisonings. Reviews of Environmental Contaminationand Toxicology, 147, 119–147.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • EPA. (1997). Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage 1994 and 1995 Market Estimates. United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances Washington, D.C. http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/pestsales/95pestsales/market_estimates1995.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov 2012.

  • EPA. (2004). Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage 2000 and 2001 Market Estimates. United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Washington, D.C. http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/pestsales/01pestsales/market_estimates2001.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov 2012.

  • EPA. (2011). Pesticide Industry Sales and Usage 2006 and 2007 Market Estimates. United States Environmental Protection Agency Office of Prevention, Pesticides, and Toxic Substances. Washington, D.C. http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/pestsales/07pestsales/market_estimates2007.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov 2012.

  • Eurostat. (2007). The use of plant protection products in the European union data 1992–2003.Eurosat Statistical Book, European Commission. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/cache/ITY_OFFPUB/KS-76–06-669/EN/KS-76–06-669-EN.PDF . Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • Eurostat. (2013). The Statistical Office of the European Union, European Commission. http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page/portal/statistics/search_database. Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • FAO. (1967). Report of the fFirst Session of the FAO Panel of Experts on Integrated Pest Control. Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations: Rome.

    Google Scholar 

  • FAO. (2011). Save and Grow. Food and agriculture organization. the FAO online catalogue: http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2215e/i2215e.pdf. Accessed 21 Dec 2012.

  • FAO. (2012). Integrated Pest Management. http://www.fao.org/agriculture/crops/core-themes/theme/pests/ipm/en/. Accessed 20 June 2012.

  • FERA. (2013). Pesticide Usage Survey, Food & Environment Research Agency, Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, Government UK. http://pusstats.csl.gov.uk/myresults.cfm. Accessed 16 March 2013.

  • Fernandez-Cornejo, J., Nehring, R., Sinha, E. N., Grube, A., & Vialou, A. (2009). Assessing recent trends in pesticide use in US agriculture. Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Agricultural and Applied Economics Association (AAEA), 26–28 July 2009. AAEA, Milwaukee, Wisconsin. http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/49271/2/Fernandez-Cornejo%20et%20al%20%20-%20AAEA%202009%20-%20Selected%20Paper%20-%20%20April%2019.pdf. Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • Freier, B., & Boller, E. F. (2009). Integrated pest management in Europe—history, policy, achievements and implementation. In R. Peshin & A. K. Dhawan (Eds.)., Integrated Pest Management: Dissemination and Impact (Vol. 2) (pp. 435–454). Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisbie, R. E. (1985). Consortium for integrated pest management (CIPM) organization and administration. In R. E. Frisbie & P. L. Adikisson (Eds.)., Integrated Pest Management on Major Agricultural Systems (pp. 1–9). College Station, Texas, USA: Texas A & M University, Texas Agriculture Experimental Station.

    Google Scholar 

  • Frisbie, R. E., & Adkisson, P. L. (Eds.). (1985). Integrated Pest Management on Major Agricultural Systems. College Station: Texas A & M University, Texas Agriculture Experimental Station.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianessi, L., Rury, K., & Rinkus, A. (2009). Pesticide reduction policies: An evaluation of pesticide use reduction policies in Scandinavia. Outlooks on Pest Management, October 2009. doi:10.1564/20oct01.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hammond, C. M., Luschei, E. C., Boerboom, C. M., & Nowak, P. J. (2006). Adoption of integrated pest management tactics by Wisconsin farmers. Weed Technology, 20, 756–767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Headley, J. C. (1968). Estimating the production of agricultural pesticides. American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 50, 13–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • HGCA. (2009). Pesticide availability for cereals and oilseeds following revision of Directive 91/414/EEC; effects of losses and new research priorities. (2008). Research Review No. 70, Home Grown Cereals Authority, UK. http://www.hgca.com/publications/documents/cropresearch/RR70_Research_ReviewX.pdf. Accessed 24 July 2012.

  • Huang, J., Hu, R., Fan, C., Pray, C. E., & Rozelle, S. (2002). Bt cotton benefits, costs and impact in China. The Journal of Agrobiotechnology Management and Economics, 5, 153–166.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huffaker, C. B., & Smith, R. F. (1972). The IBP program on the strategies and tactics of pestmanagement. Proceedings of Tall Timbers Ecology and Management Conference, Ecological Animal Control by Habitat Management. Tallahassee, Florida, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • ICAR. (2007). Insecticide resistance management in cotton pests: Success story. DARE/ICAR Annual Report. Directorate of Information and Publications of Agriculture (DIPA). New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • IOBC. (2004). Integrated production: Principles and technical guidelines. IOBC/wprs Bulletin, 27(2), 1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jing, D. C. (1997). Sustainable control of agricultural pests: Situation and perspective of IPM. Guizhou Agricultural Sciences, 25(Suppl.), 66–69.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jørgensen, L. N., & Kudsk, P. (2006). Twenty years’ experience with reduced agrochemical inputs. HGCA R & D Conference, Arable Crop Protection in the Balance Profit and the Environment, 16.1–16.10

    Google Scholar 

  • JSPPS. (2006). A survey on crop phytotoxicity in Jiangsu province. http://kcxh.jaas.ac.cn/2006/6–13/103026.html. Accessed 1 Dec 2008.

  • Kenmore, P. E. (1997). A perspective on IPM. LEISA Newsletter, 13, 8–9.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiely, T., Donaldson, D., & Grube, A. (2004). Pesticides Industry Sales and Usage 2000 and 2001 Market Estimates, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. EPA estimates based on Croplife America annual surveys, Cropnosis limited data, and EPA proprietary data.p6. http://www.epa.gov/opp00001/pestsales/01pestsales/market_estimates2001.pdf. Accessed 6 Dec 2011.

  • Kogan, M. (1998). Integrated pest management: Historical perspective and contemporary developments. Annual Review of Entomology, 43, 243–270.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kogan, M., & Bajwa, W. I. (1999). Integrated pest management: A global reality? Anais da Sociedate Entomolgica do Brasil, 28, 1–25.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kovach, J., Petzoldt, C., Degnil, J., & Tette, J. (1992). A method to measure the environmental impact of pesticides. New York’s Food and Life Sciences Bulletin, 139, 1–8. http://dspace.library.cornell.edu/bitstream/1813/5203/1/FLS-139.pdf. Accessed 16 March 2007.

  • Kranthi, K. R., & Russell, D. (2009). Changing trends in cotton pest management. In R. Peshin & A. K. Dhawan (Eds.)., Integrated Pest Management: Innovation- Development Process (Vol. 1) (pp. 499–541). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnaiah, K., & Reddy, P. C. (1989). Operational research project on integrated control of rice pests in Medchal area, Ranga Reddy district, A.P.: Achievements and constraints. Annual Rice Workshop. Hissar, India: HAU.

    Google Scholar 

  • Krishnaiah, K. (1986). Status of integrated pest management in rice. Plant Protection Bulletin, 38(1), 5–10.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lan, J. P., & Bo, Y. L. (2009). Pesticide markets of major countries. World Pesticides, 5, 8–16.

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, J. D., Wei, D. A., & Bai, C. J. (2005). Countermeasures of cotton phytotoxicity. In R. Y. Chen, Y. M. Zhao, J. B. Han, et al. (Eds.)., Proceedings of Production and Development Forum on Cotton in Yellow River Delta (pp. 236–239).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, B. H., Vandeman, A., Fernandez-Cornejo, J., & Jans, S. (1994). Integrated pest management, how far havewe come? Agricultural Outlook, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, B., Padgitt, M., Bull, M. L., Delvo, H., Shank, D., & Taylor, H. (1995). Pesticide and Fertilizer Use and Trends in U.S. Agriculture (AER-717), Agricultural economic report number 717, United States Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service. http://www.naldc.nal.usda.gov/download/CAT10831382/PDF. Accessed 6 Dec 2011.

  • Lin, Y. S., Gong, R. Z., & Zhu, Z. L. (2000). Pesticides and Environmental Protection. Beijing: Chemical Industry Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu, S. S. (2000). Opportunity, challenge and strategy of IPM. Plant Protection, 26(4), 35–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lucas, S., & Vall, M. P. (2003). Pesticides in the European Union, Agriculture and Environment and Rural Development: Facts and Figures. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/envir/report/en/pest_en/report_en.htm. Accessed 14 Feb 2013.

  • Ma, S. J. (1958). Population dynamics of the locust. Locusta migratoria manilensis (Meyen), in China. Acta Entomologica Sinica, 8(1), 38–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma, S. J. (1979). Integrated Control of Major Insect Pests in China. Beijing: Science Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Madhusoodana, S. (1996). Post GATT scenario: Prospects of developing new molecules. The Pesticide World, March 1996, 71–73.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mayee, C. D., Singh, P., Dongre, A. B., Roa, M. R. K., & Raj, S. (2002). Transgenic Bt cotton (pp. 1–30). India: Central Institute for Cotton Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meng, Y. J., Tian, W. R., Xie, S. W., Wang, S. D., & Zen, L. (2007). Phytotoxicity of wolfberry and countermeasures in Zhongning, Ningxia. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 28(3), 95–96.

    Google Scholar 

  • Metcalf, R. L. (1986). Coevolutionary adaptations of rootworm beetles (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) to cucurbitacins. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 12(5), 1109–1124.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment. (2000). Background Report for Pesticide Action Plan II. Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment. (2003). Status of the Minister for the Environment’s Action plan for Reducing the Consumption of Pesticides, 1997 updated 24/11/03, Copenhagen.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Environment. (2007). Denmark: Pesticides plan 2004–2009 for Reducing Pesticide Consumption and its Impact on the Environment. http://www.jki.bund.de/nn_1150582/EN/Home/ReductionofPlantProtection/Denmark.html. Accessed 31 Jan 2012.

  • Ministry of Environment. (2008). Bekaempelsesmiddelstatistik 2007, OrienteringfraMiljostyrelsen Nr. 4 (Denmark). http://www2.mst.dk/udgiv/publikationer/2008/978–87-7052–802-3/pdf/978–87-7052–803-0.pdf. Accessed 31 Jan 2012.

  • MOANMF. (1991). The Multi-year Crop Protection Plan. Summary Ministry of Agriculture, Nature Management and Fisheries. The Hague, Netherlands.

    Google Scholar 

  • MOANMF. (1996). Information and Knowledge Centre Landbouw/Ede.1996. Administration Contract Crop Protection Implementation Plan, Progress Report 1995. Ministry vanLandbouw, Nature Management and Fisheries.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moss, S. R. (2010). Non-chemical methods of weed control: Benefits and limitations: Keynote address: Seventeenth Australasian Weeds Conference, Published by New Zealand Plant Protection Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Norton, G., & Mullen, J. (1994). Economic Evaluation of Integrated Pest Management Programs: A Literature Review (448–120). Blacksburg, Virginia, USA: Virginia Cooperative Extension Publication.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (1999). OECD series on pesticides number 8. Report of the OECD/FAO Workshop on Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Risk Reduction.

    Google Scholar 

  • OECD. (2008). Environmental Performance of Agriculture in OECD Countries Since 1990. http://www.oecd.org/document/10/0,3343,en_2649_33793_40671178_1_1_1_1,00.html. Accessed Jan 31, 2012.

  • Oerke, E. C. (2006). Crop losses to pests. The Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 144(1), 31–43. doi:10.1017/S0021859605005708.

    Google Scholar 

  • Oerke, E. C., & Dehne, H. W. (2004). Safeguarding production—Losses in major crops and the role of crop protection. Crop Protection, 23, 275–285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oerke, E. C., Dehne, H. W., Schonbeck, F., & Weber, A. (1994). Crop production and Crop Protection—Estimated Losses in Major Food and Cash Crops. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science.

    Google Scholar 

  • PAC. (1996). India: National IPM Program: A Country Brief. Programme advisory committee meeting, FAO Intercountry Programme for IPM in Asia, 06–09 February, 1996. Hyderabad, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • PAN Europe. (2003). Pesticide Use Reduction is Working: An Assessment of National Reduction Strategies in Denmark, Sweden, The Netherlands and Norway. http://www.paneurope.info/Resources/Reports/Pesticide_Use_Reduction_is_Working.pdf. Accessed 1 June 2012.

  • PAN Europe. (2005). Danish Pesticide Use Reduction Programme- to Benefit the Environment and the Health. http://www.pan-europe.info/Resources/Reports/Danish_Pesticide_Use_Reduction_rogramme.pdf. Accessed 6 Dec 2011.

  • PAN Europe. (2007). Pesticide Use Reduction Strategies in Europe: Six Case Studies. Pesticide Action Network Europe. http://www.pan-europe.info/Resources/Reports/Pesticide_Use_Reduction_Strategies_in_Europe.pdf. Accessed 6 Dec 2011.

  • Pasalu, I. C., Mishra, B., Krrishnaiah, N. V., & Katti, G. (2004). Integrated pest management in rice in India: Status and prospects. In P. S. Birthal & O. P. Sharma (Eds.)., Integrated Pest Management in Indian Agriculture, (pp. 237–245). Proceedings 11, National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Reseach and National Centre for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi, India. http://www.ncap.res.in/upload_files/workshop/wsp11.pdf. Accessed 16 March 2007.

  • Pawar, A. D., & Mishra, M. P. (2004). Infrastucture incentives and progress in integrated pest management in India. In P. S. Birthal & O. P. Sharma (Eds.)., Integrated Pest Management in Indian Agriculture (pp. 237–245). Proceedings 11, National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Reseach and National Cente for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi. http://www.ncap.res.in/upload_files/workshop/wsp11.pdf. Accessed 16 March 2007.

  • Perkins, J. H. (1982). Insects, Experts, and the Insecticide Crisis: The Quest for New Pest Management Strategies. New York: Plenum Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Perkins, J. H., & Patterson, B. R. (1997). Pests, pesticides and the environment: A historical perspective on the prospects for pesticide reduction. In D. Pimentel (Ed.)., Techniques for Reducing Pesticide Use (pp. 13–33). Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Perlak, F. J., Oppenhuizen, M., Gustafson, K., Voth, R., Sivasupramanian, S., Heering, D., Carey, B., Ihrig, R. A., & Roberts, J. K. (2001). Development and commercial use of bollgard ® cotton in the usa-early promises versus today’s reality. Plant Journal, 27, 489–502.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Peshin, R., & Kalra, R. (1998) Integrated pest management adoption and economic impact at farmers’ level. In G. S Daliwal, N. S. Randhawa, R. Arora, & A. K. Dhawan (Eds.)., Ecological Agriculture and Sustainable Development (Vol. 2, pp. 624–638). Chandigarh, India: Centre for Research in Rural and Industrial Development.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peshin, R. (2002) Economic benefits of pest management. In D. Pimentel (Ed.)., Encyclopedia of Pest Management. Boca Raton Florida, USA: Marcel and Dekker Inc./CRC Press. doi:10.1201/NOE0824706326.ch92.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peshin, R. (2013). Farmers’ adoptability of integrated pest management of cotton revealed by a new methodology. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. doi:10.1007/s13593-012-0127-4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peshin, R., Dhawan, A. K., Vatta, K., & Singh, K. (2007). Attributes and socio-economic dynamics of adopting Bt cotton. Economic and Political Weekly, 45(51), 73–80.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peshin, R., Jayaratne, J., & Singh, G. (2009a). Evaluation research: Methodologies for evaluation of management IPM programs (pp, 105–117). In R. Peshin & A. K. Dhawan (Eds.)., Integrated Pest Management: Dissemination and Impact (Vol. 2, pp. 31–78). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8990-9_2.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peshin, R., Bandral, R. S, Zhang, W., J., Wilson, L., & Dhawan, A. K. (2009b). Integrated pest management: A global overview of history, programs and adoption.In R. Peshin & A. K. Dhawan (Eds.)., Integrated Pest Management: Innovation- Development Process (Vol. 1) (pp. 1–49). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4020-8992-3_1.

    Google Scholar 

  • Peshin, R., Dhawan, A. K., Kranthi, K., & Singh, K. (2009c). Evaluation of the benefits of an insecticide resistance management programme in Punjab in India. International Journal of Pest Management, 55(3), 207–220.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Peshin, R., Dhwan, A. K., Singh, K., & Sharma, R. (2012). Farmers’ perceived constraints in the uptake of integrated pest management practices in cotton crop. Indian Journal of Ecology, 39(1), 123–130.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pettersson, O. (1994). Reduced pesticide use in scandinavian agriculture. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 13(1), 43–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Phadke, A. D.(1980). Pesticides: Market and marketing in India. In B. V. David (Ed.)., Indian Pesticide Industry: Facts and Figures (pp. 147–150). Mumbai: Vishwas Publications.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, A. D., & Patterson, N. A. (1953). The influence of spray programme on the fauna of apple orchards in Nova Scotia IV: A Review. Canadian Entomologist, 85, 472–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pickett, A. D., Putman, W. L., & Le Roux, E. J. (1958). Progress in harmonizing biological and chemical control of orchard pests in Eastern Canada. Proceedings of Tenth International Congress of Entomology, 3, 169–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel, D. (1976). World food crisis: Energy and pests. Bulletin of Entomological Society of America, 22, 20–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel, D. (1997). Pest management in agriculture. In D. Pimentel (Ed.)., Techniques for Reducing Pesticides: Environmental and Economic Benefits (pp. 1–12). Chichester, United Kingdom: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel, D. (2005). Environmental and economic costs of the application of pesticides primarily in the United States. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 7, 229–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel, D., Acguay, H., Biltonen, M., Rice, P., Silva, M., Nelson, J., Lipner, V., Giordano, S., Harowitz, A., & D’Amore, M. (1992). Environmental and economic cost of pesticide use. Bioscience, 42(10), 750–760.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel, D., Schwardt, H. H., & Norton, L. B. (1951). New methods of house fly control in dairy barns. Soap and Sanitary Chemicals, 27, 102–105.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pimentel, D., Krummel, J., Gallahan, D., Hough, J., Merrill, A., Schreiner, I., Vittum, P., Koziol, F., Back, E., Yen, D., & Fiance, S. (1978). Benefits and costs of pesticide use in United States food production. Bioscience, 28, 772, 778–784.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pingali, P. L., & Roger, P. A. (1995). Impact of Pesticides on Farmers’ Health and the Rice Environment. Dordrecht, Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Popp, J., Peto, K., & Nagy, J. (2013). Pesticide productivity and food security: A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, 33, 243–255. doi:10.1007/s13593–012-0105-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pradhan, S. (1964). Assessment of losses caused by insect pests of crops and estimation of insect population. In Entomology in India, 1938–1963. New Delhi: Entomological Society of India.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pretty, J. N., Brett, C., Gee, D., Hine, R., Mason, C. F., Morison, J. I. L., Raven, H., Rayment, M., & van der Bijl G. (2000). An assessment of the total external costs of UK agriculture. Agricultural Systems, 65(2), 113–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Proost, J., & Matteson, P. (1997). Reducing pesticide use in the Netherlands: With stick and carrot. Journal of Pesticide Reform, 7(3), 2–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • PSAC. (1965). Restoring the Quality of Our Environment. Report of the Environmental Pollution Panel, President’s Science Advisory Committee. Washington, D.C.: The White House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramanjaneyulu, G. V., Kavitha, K., & Hussain, Z. (2004). No Pesticides No Pests. Centre for Sustainable Agriculture. http://www.csa-india.org. Accessed 16 March 2012.

  • Ramanajaneyulu, G. V., & ZakirHussain. (2007). Redefining pest management: A case study of punukula. In Sustainable Agriculture-A Pathway to Eliminate Poverty, SUSTAINET, GTZ.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramanjaneyulu, G. V., Chari, M. S., Raghunath, T. A. V. S. Hussain, Z., & Kuruganti, K. (2009). Nonpesticidal management: Learning from experiences. In R. Peshin & A. K. Dhawn (Eds.), Integrated Pest Management: Innovation Development Process (Vol.1) (pp. 543–573). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rajotte, E. G., Norton, G. W., Kazmierczak, R. F., Lambur, R. F., & Allen, W. A. (1987). The National Evaluation of Extension’s Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Program. Blacksburg, Virginia, USA: Virginia Polytechnic and State University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Razak, R. L. (1986). Integrated pest management in rice crop. Plant Protection Bulletin, 38, 1–4.

    Google Scholar 

  • Russell, D. (2004). Integrated pest management in less developed countries. In Horowitz, A. R., Ishaaya, I. (Eds.)., Insect Pest Management: Field and Protection Crops (pp. 141–179). New Delhi: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sankaran, T. (1987). Biological control in integrated pest control – Progress and perspectives in India. In N. Mohandas, Association for Advancement of Entomology (India) (Eds.)., Proceedings of the National Symposium on Integrated Pest Control Progress and Perspectives, (pp. 151–158). October 15–17. Trivandrum, India.

    Google Scholar 

  • SCB. (2002). Pesticides in Agriculture in 2001. Estimated number of doses final statistics, plant protection products in Swedish agriculture. Number of hectare-doses in 2001: Final Statistics. http://www.kemi.se/Start/Statistik. Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • SCB. (2011). Pesticides in Agriculture in 2010. Estimated number of doses final statistics, plant protection products in Swedish agriculture. Number of hectare-doses in 2010: Final Statistics. http://www.kemi.se/Start/Statistik. Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • SCB. (2012). Pesticides in Agriculture in 2011. Estimated number of doses final statistics, plant protection products in Swedish agriculture. Number of hectare-doses in 2011. http://www.scb.se/Pages/PublishingCalendarViewInfo____259924.aspx?PublObjId=18586. Accessed 1 Dec 2012.

  • Shetty, P. K. (2004). Socio-ecological implications of pesticide use in India. Economic and Political Weekly, 39(49), 5261–5267.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shetty, P. K., & Sabitha, M. (2009). Economic and ecological externalities of pesticide use in India. In R. Peshin & A. K. Dhawan (Eds.), Integrated pest Management: Innovation Development Process (Vol. 1, pp. 113–129). Dordrecht, Netherlands Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simwat, G. S. (1994). Modern concepts in insect pest management in cotton. In G. S. Dhaliwal & R. Arora (Eds.)., Trends in Agricultural Insect Pest Management (pp. 186–237). New Delhi: Commonwealth Publisher.

    Google Scholar 

  • Singh, A., & Sharma, O. P. (2004). Integrated pest management for sustainable agriculture. In P. S. Birthal & O. P. Sharma (Eds.)., Integrated Pest Management in Indian Agriculture (pp. 237–245). Proceedings 11, National Centre for Agricultural Economics and Policy Research and National Cente for Integrated Pest Management, New Delhi. http://www.ncap.res.in/upload_files/workshop/wsp11.pdf. Accessed 16 March 2007.

  • Smith, R. F., & van den Bosch, R. (1967). Integrated control. In W. W. Kilgore & R. L. Doutt (Eds.)., Pest Control: Biological, Physical, and Selected Chemical Methods (pp. 295–340). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sorensen, A. A. (1994). Proceedings of National Integrated Pest Management Forum Arlington. DeKalb, Illinois, USA: American Farmland Trust.

    Google Scholar 

  • Statistics Netherlands. (2006). Use of Agricultural Pesticides Stable. Web magazine, 7 Feb 2006. statistics Netherlands, PrinsesBeatrixlaan 428, 2273 XZ Voorburg, Netherlands. http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/menu/themas/landbouw/publicaties/artikelen/archief/2006/2006-1877-wm.htm. Accessed 12 Oct 2012.

  • Stern, V. M., Smith, R. F., van den Bosch, R., & Hagen, K. S. (1959). The integrated control concept. Hilgardia, 29, 81–101.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, G. H., Yu, G. S., & Zhang, W. (2007). Situation and causes of crop phytotoxity by herbicides in Mudanjiang during 2004 and 2006. China Plant Protection, 20(3), 32–33.

    Google Scholar 

  • Swedish Board of Agriculture. (2009). Jordbruks Statistisk Arsbok 2001–2008. http://www.sjv.se/amnesomraden/47tatistic/ja.4.7502f61001ea08a0c7fff104195.html. Accessed 14 Feb 2013.

  • Unni, K. K. (1996). Role of agrochemical industry in Ninth Five Year Plan. Paper presented in: National Seminar on Agricultural Development Perspective for the XIth Five Year Plan (pp. 13–15). Ahmadabad: Indian Institute of Management.

    Google Scholar 

  • Urech, P. A. (1996). Is more legislation and regulation needed to control crop protection products in Europe? Brighton Crop Protection Conference—Pests and Diseases (pp. 549–557).

    Google Scholar 

  • US National Academy of Sciences. (1969). Insect Pest Management and Control. Washington, D.C: National Academy of Sciences Publication 1695.

    Google Scholar 

  • USDA. (2013). National Information System for the Regional IPM Centers. United States Department of Agriculture, National Institute of Food and Agriculture. http://www.ipmcenters.org/Projects/. Accessed 7 Dec 2012.

  • USDA Surveys. (1964–1992). National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA/NASS). Agricultural chemical usage. http://www.ers.usda.gov/media/871516/arei32.pdf. Accessed 2 Nov 2012.

  • USDA. (1965). Losses in agriculture. Agriculture Handbook No. 291. Washington, D.C.: Agricultural Reseach Service, US Government Printing Office.

    Google Scholar 

  • USGAO (United States General Accounting Office). (2001). Agricultural Pesticides Management: Improvements Needed to Further Promote Integrated Pest Management. http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d01815.pdf.

  • van den Bosch, R. (1978). The Pesticide Conspiracy. Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waibel, H., & Fleischer, G. (1998). Kosten und Nutzen des chemischen Pflanzenschutzes in der deutschen Landwirtschaft aus gesamtwirtschaftlicher Sicht (Social Costs and Benefits of Chemical Plant Protection in German Agriculture). Kiel, Germany: Vauk Verlag.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H. L., Wang, B. L., & Li, Z. W. (2006). Advance in research on integrated Pest management. Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology, 34(3), 40–42.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang, H. S., & Zhang, H. Q. (1993). Release effect of radiation sterilized female Bactroceraminax (Enderlein). Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica, 14(1), 26–28.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, M. Y., Han, D. Y., Gen, J. G., Jing, G. L., Zhou, Q. F., & Wang, S. Q. (2005). Situation and countermeasures of crop phytotoxicity by pesticides in Anhui Province. Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin, 11(5), 44–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Q. D., & Lu, G. Q. (1999). A brief analysis on IPM in China. Hubei Plant Protection, 6, 30–32.

    Google Scholar 

  • WHO (World Health Organization). (1990). Public Health Impact of Pesticides Used in Agriculture. Geneva: World Health Organization, WHO-UNEP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, J. X. (2001). A study on strategy of plant protection development. Plant Protection, 27(5), 36–37.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, Z. L. (2007). Situation and countermeasures of phytotoxicity of facility vegetables in Shannxi province. Shaanxi Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1, 108–111.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, L. G., Shi, S. B., & Zhang, Q. D. (2001). IPM in Hubei. Hubei Plant Protection, 3, 3.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W. J., Jiang, F. B., & Ou, J. F. (2011). Global pesticide consumption and pollution: With China as a focus. Proceedings of the International Academy of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 1(2), 125–144.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, W. J., & Pang, Y. (2009). Impact of IPM and transgenics in the Chinese agriculture. In R. Peshin & A. K. Dhawan (Eds.), Integrated Pest Management: Dissemination and Impact (Vol. 2, pp. 525–553). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, S. H. (1958). Preliminary results for control experiment on Tryporyzaincertulas (walker). ScientiaAgriculturaSinica, 3(1), 25–38.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhu, W. J. (2008). Production situation and development trend of Chinese pesticides. Journal of China Agrochemicals, 5, 40–44.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Prof. John Perkins, Member of the Faculty Emeritus,The Evergreen State College, USA, and Dr. Cesar R. Rodriguez-Saona, Department of Entomology, Rutgers University, USA, for reviewing the draft chapter, and for their valuable comments on improving the contents of the chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Agricultural Extension Education, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Jammu, Main Campus Chatha, 180009, Jammu, India

    Rajinder Peshin

  2. School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China

    WenJun Zhang

Authors
  1. Rajinder Peshin
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. WenJun Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Rajinder Peshin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Entomology, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA

    David Pimentel

  2. FOA Chatha Div. Agricultural Extension Education, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Jammu, India

    Rajinder Peshin

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2014 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Peshin, R., Zhang, W. (2014). Integrated Pest Management and Pesticide Use. In: Pimentel, D., Peshin, R. (eds) Integrated Pest Management. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7796-5_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation