Skip to main content

Pulse Exposure in Ecotoxicology

  • Reference work entry
Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology

Synonyms

Fluctuating exposure; Intermittent exposure; Peak exposure; Time-varying exposure

Glossary

Acute quality criterion (plural: criteria):

Maximum acceptable concentration in an environmental compartment preventing severe effects, that is, short-term (acute) effects, on the ecosystem.

Chronic quality criterion (plural: criteria):

Maximum acceptable concentration in an environmental compartment preventing long-term (chronic) effects on the ecosystem.

PCBs:

Polychlorinated biphenyls, comprising a class of organic compounds (with 1 to 10 chlorine atoms attached to a biphenyl structure, which is a molecule composed of two benzene rings). PCBs were used as cooling and insulating fluids in industrial transformers, for example.

Pesticide:

A pesticide is any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest preventing the growth of crops.

Recovery:

The potential of an organism, a population, or a community to recover its full...

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 649.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 549.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Ashauer R, Brown CD (2008) Toxicodynamic assumptions in ecotoxicological hazard models. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:1817–1821

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ashauer R, Boxall A, Brown C (2006) Predicting effects on aquatic organisms from fluctuating or pulsed exposure to pesticides. Environ Toxicol Chem 25:1899–1912

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Buhl KJ, Hamilton SJ, Schumlbach JC (1993) Chronic toxicity of the bromoxynil formulation Buctril® to Daphnia magna exposed continuously and intermittently. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 25:152–159

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chèvre N, Singer S, Müller S et al (2004) Evaluation du risque des pesticides dans les eaux courantes en Suisse. Gaz Wasser Abwasser (GWA) 10:739–751

    Google Scholar 

  • Chèvre N, Guignard C, Rossi R et al (2011) Substance flow analysis as a tool for urban water management: the case of copper in Lausanne, Switzerland. Water Sci Technol 63:1341–1348

    Google Scholar 

  • Cold A, Forbes VE (2004) Consequences of short pulse of pesticide exposure for survival and reproduction of Gammarus pulex. Aquat Toxicol 67:287–299

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duquesne S, Reynaldi S, Liess M (2006) Effects of the organophosphate paraoxon-methyl on survival and reproduction of Daphnia magna: importance of exposure duration and recovery. Environ Toxicol Chem 25:1196–1199

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Handy R (1994) Intermittent exposure to aquatic pollutants: assessment, toxicity and sub-lethal responses in fish and invertebrates. Comp Biochem Phys C 107:171–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Klaine SJ, Richards P, Baker D et al. (1997) Agrochemical fate and effects in terrestrial, aquatic and estuarine ecosystems. In: International Atomic Energy Agency (eds) Environmental behavior of crop protection chemicals. Vienna

    Google Scholar 

  • Leu C (2003) Sources, processes and factors determining the losses of atrazine, dimethenamid and metolachlor to surface waters: a simultaneous assessment in six agricultural catchments. PhD Thesis, ETH Zürich

    Google Scholar 

  • Peterson J, Jepson P, Jenkins JJ (2001) Effect of varying pesticide exposure duration and concentration on the toxicity of carbaryl to two field-collected stream invertebrates, Calineuria californica (Plecoptera: Perlidae) and Cinygma sp. (Ephemeroptera: Heptageniidae). Environ Toxicol Chem 20:2215–2223

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Plagellat C, Kupper T, de Alencastro LF et al (2004) Biocides in sewage sludge: quantitative determination in some Swiss wastewater treatment plants. B Environ Contam Toxicol 73:794–801

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reinert KH, Giddings JM, Judd L (2002) Effects analysis of time-varying or repeated exposures in aquatic ecological risk assessment of agrochemicals. Environ Toxicol Chem 21:1977–1992

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Reynaldi S, Liess M (2005) Influence of duration of exposure to the pyrethroid fenvalerate on sublethal responses and recovery of Daphnia magna Straus. Environ Toxicol Chem 24:1160–1164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi L, de Alencastro LF, Kupper T et al (2004) Urban stormwater contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and its importance for urban water systems in Switzerland. Sci Total Environ 322:179–189

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi L, Fankhauser R, Chèvre N et al (2009a) New guidelines for urban wet-weather management in Switzerland. Urban Water 6:355–367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi L, Chèvre N, Fankhauser R et al (2009b) Probabilistic environmental risk assessment of urban wet-weather discharges: an approach developed for Switzerland. Urban Water 6:355–367

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Schulz R, Liess M (2000) Toxicity of fenvalerate to caddisfly larvae: chronic effects of 1- vs 10-h pulse-exposure with constant doses. Chemosphere 41:1511–1517

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Seager J, Malby L (1989) Assessing the impact of episodic pollution. Hydrobiologia 188–189:633–640

    Google Scholar 

  • Tlili A, Dorigo U, Montuelle B et al (2008) Responses of chronically contaminated biofilms to short pulses of diuron. An experimental study simulating flooding events in small river. Aquat Toxicol 87:252–263

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallotton N (2007) Effect assessment of fluctuating exposure of herbicides with different modes of action on algae. PhD, ETHZ no 17461, Zürich

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallotton N, Eggen RI, Escher B et al (2008a) Effect of pulse herbicidal exposure on Scenedesmus vacuolatus: a comparison of two photosystem II inhibitors. Environ Toxicol Chem 27:1399–1407

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallotton N, Moser D, Eggen RI et al (2008b) S-metolachlor pulse exposure on the alga Scenedesmus vacuolatus: effects during exposure and the subsequent recovery. Chemosphere 73:395–400

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Vallotton N, Eggen RI, Chèvre N (2009) Effect of sequential isoproturon pulse exposure on Scenedesmus vacuolatus. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 56:442–449

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Hoeven N, Gerristen AAM (1997) Effects of chlorpyrifos on individuals and populations of Daphnia pulex in the laboratory and field. Environ Toxicol Chem 16:2438–2447

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the journal “Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry” for permission to reproduce Fig. 3a and to the journal “Urban Water” for permission to reproduce Fig. 4.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nathalie Chèvre .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2013 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht

About this entry

Cite this entry

Chèvre, N., Vallotton, N. (2013). Pulse Exposure in Ecotoxicology. In: Férard, JF., Blaise, C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Aquatic Ecotoxicology. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5704-2_84

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics