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Transcription Factors and Genes in Abiotic Stress

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Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies

Abstract

Plants are constantly exposed to changes in environmental conditions. When these changes are rapid and extreme, plants generally perceive them as stresses. Abiotic stresses are the most serious factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops, with adverse effects on germination, plant vigour and crop yield. Responses to abiotic stresses are not linear pathways, but are complicated integrated circuits involving the interaction of additional cofactors and/or signalling molecules to coordinate a specified response to a given stimulus. The regulation of these responses requires proteins operating in signal transduction pathways, such as transcriptional factors, which modulate gene expression by binding to specific DNA sequences in the promoters of respective target genes. This type of transcriptional regulatory system is called regulon. At least four different regulons that are active in response to abiotic stresses have been identified. Dehydration-responsive element binding protein 1 (DREB1)/C-repeat binding factor (CBF) and DREB2 regulons function in ABA-independent gene expression, whereas the ABA-responsive element (ABRE) binding protein (AREB)/ABRE binding factor (ABF) regulon functions in ABA-dependent gene expression. In addition to these major pathways, other regulons, including the NAC and MYB/MYC regulons are involved in abiotic stress-responsive gene expression. Transcription factors (TFs) are powerful targets for genetic engineering in abiotic stress resistance in crop plants and many studies have been done in the last two decades on this topic. The aim of this book chapter is to give a comprehensive and up-to-date literature review in this field.

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Abbreviations

ABA:

ABscisic Acid

ABF:

Abscisic Binding Factor

ABI:

Abelson interactor

ABRE:

ABA-responsive element

ADP:

Adenosine diphosphate

AP2:

APETALA2

APX:

Ascorbate Peroxidase

AREB:

ABA-responsive element binding

ATAF:

Arabidopsis Transcription Activation Factor

ATP:

Adenosine triphosphate

AVP:

Arginine vasopressin

bHLH:

basic Helix-Loop-Helix

bZIP:

Basic Leucine Zipper Domain

CBF:

C repeat Binding Factor

CBL:

Calcineurin B-Like

CDPK:

calcium-dependent protein kinase

cGMP:

cyclic Guanosine MonoPhosphate

CIPK:

Calcineurin B-like -Interacting Protein Kinase

CKII:

Casein kinase II

Cor:

Cold responsive

CRT/DRE:

C-repeat /Dehydration Responsive Element

CRY:

Cryptochrome Photoreceptors

CUC:

Cup-shaped Cotyledons

DHN:

Dehydrin

Dof:

DNA binding with one finger

DREB:

Dehydration-Responsive Element Binding protein

EL:

Excess Light

ERD:

Early Responsive Dehydration

EREBP:

Ethylene Responsive Element Binding Protein

ERF:

Ethylene Responsive element binding Factors

ESK1:

Eskimo1

FCA:

Flowering CA

GBF1:

G-box Binding Factor 1

GR:

Glutathione Reductase

H2O2:

Hydrogen Peroxide Superoxide

HOS1:

High expression Osmotically responsive gene 1

HY:

Hypocotyl

HYH:

Hypocotyl 5-like

ICE1:

Inducer C-repeat binding factor Expression

JA:

Jasmonic Acid

LAF:

Long After Farred

LBD:

Ligand Binding Domain

Lea:

Late embryogenesis abundant

LHC:

Light Harvesting Chlorophyll

LRE:

Light-Responsive cis-Element

MAPK:

Mitogen Activated Protein-Kinase

MYB:

Myeloblastosis

MYBRS:

Myeloblastosis Recognition Sequence

MYC:

Myelocytomatosis

MYCRS:

Myelocytomatosis Recognition Sequence

NAC- NAM:

No Apical Meristem

NAD:

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

NADPH:

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate

NCED3:

9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase

NCP:

Nuclear Pore Complex

NHE:

Na + H + Exchanger

NO:

Nitrous Oxide

NOS:

Nitrous Oxide Systems

1O2 :

Singlet Oxygen

O −2 :

Hydroxyl radicals

Pfr:

Phytochrome Active

PHD:

Plant Homeodomain

Phy:

Phytochrome

PIF3:

Phytochromes Interacting Factor 3

PL:

Pyridoxal

PLP:

Pyridoxal-5-Phosphate

PR:

Pathogens Related

PS:

Photosystem

RbcS1A:

Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase Small subunit

RD:

Responsive Dehydration

ROS:

Reactive Oxygen Species

SOS:

Salt Overly Sensitive

SUMO:

Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier

TFBS:

Transcription Factor Binding Sites

TFs:

Transcriptional Factors

UV:

UltraViolet

UVR:

Ultraviolet Resistance

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Life Science, II University of Naples, via Vivaldi 43, 81100, Caserta, Italy

    Pasqualina Woodrow, Giovanni Pontecorvo, Maria Grazia Annunziata, Amodio Fuggi & Petronia Carillo

  2. C.R.A. – Fruit Tree Research Unit, Via Torrino, 3, 81100, Caserta, Italy

    Loredana F. Ciarmiello

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  1. Pasqualina Woodrow
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  2. Giovanni Pontecorvo
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  3. Loredana F. Ciarmiello
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  4. Maria Grazia Annunziata
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  5. Amodio Fuggi
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  6. Petronia Carillo
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Correspondence to Giovanni Pontecorvo .

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  1. , Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for Dryland A, Saidabad P.O, Hyderabad, 500 059, Andra Pradesh, India

    B. Venkateswarlu

  2. Dryland Agriculture (CRIDA), Dept. Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for, Santoshnagar, Hyderabad, 500059, India

    Arun K. Shanker

  3. Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Rajender Nagar, Hyderabad, 500030, India

    Chitra Shanker

  4. , Crop Sciences, Central Research Institute for Dryland A, Saidabad P.O, Hyderabad, 500 059, Andra Pradesh, India

    M. Maheswari

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Woodrow, P., Pontecorvo, G., Ciarmiello, L.F., Annunziata, M.G., Fuggi, A., Carillo, P. (2012). Transcription Factors and Genes in Abiotic Stress. In: Venkateswarlu, B., Shanker, A., Shanker, C., Maheswari, M. (eds) Crop Stress and its Management: Perspectives and Strategies. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2220-0_9

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