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Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge

Part of the book series: World Forests ((WFSE,volume 12))

Abstract

Forests and other wooded lands cover about a third of the European land area and are therefore a characteristic element of the continent’s natural and cultural landscape. Woodland has always provided people with economic, social and environmental products and services. Indeed the history of Western civilisation would be dramatically different without the multiple benefits forests provided to society. However, the current distribution and composition of forests in most parts of Europe reflect the profound cumulative impacts of many centuries of land use change and forest management. While in many cases the loss of biodiversity of cultural landscapes we observe today is closely related to modern exploitation strategies, very often this situation is connected with changes in traditional agricultural systems and the abandonment of traditional land management practices.

In this chapter, we examine the principal factors responsible for the development of locally adapted technologies and traditional forest management practices used historically to sustain the long-term availability of forest resources through ­generations. The chapter also considers the influences of science and modern forestry on the development of cultural landscapes. A central part of the chapter considers the relevance of traditional forest-related knowledge to current debates about sustainable forest management. Inclusion of traditional forest-related knowledge within formal scientific forestry is considered a necessary step to maintain an important part of the European cultural heritage. Such knowledge is also regarded vital for the development of an effective approach to maintaining the ecological balance of European forests and for securing the sustainable development of rural areas in Europe.

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Notes

  1. 1.

     The Convention is a framework that sets out the basic principles of all the activities of the Alpine Convention and contains general measures for the sustainable development in the Alpine region. It was signed by the Federal Republic of Germany, the French Republic, the Italian Republic, the Republic of Slovenia, the Principality of Liechtenstein, the Republic of Austria, the Swiss Confederation, and the European Economic Community, and entered into force on March 1995.

    http://www.alpconv.org/NR/rdonlyres/E0A45E2E-5540-4C6B-8708-C7E173DC983D/0/PopCult_en.pdf

  2. 2.

     Plinius Caius Secundus, 23–79 AD. Naturalis Historia. 37 volumes.

  3. 3.

     Lucil Columella, 50–60 AD. Liber de Arboribus, translated into German by Herr (1538).

  4. 4.

     Rutilius Taurus Aemilianus Palladius, 330 AD. Opus Agriculturae De Re Rustica. 13 volumes. Palladius’ work became well-known in German-speaking countries when Michael Herr, Doctor of Medicine in Basel, published it in 1538.

  5. 5.

     Plinius Caius Secundus, 23–79 AD. Naturalis Historia, volume 16 (botany, forest trees); German/Latin edition 1994 published by Artemis &Winkler Verlag Zürich.

  6. 6.

     Plinius X: 64.

  7. 7.

     Cotta, H. 1817 Anweisung zum Waldbau. Dresden. Hartig, G.L. 1808. Lehrbuch für Förster und die es werden wollen. Cotta’sche Buchhandlung Tübingen.

  8. 8.

     http://www.foresteurope.org/eng/, website visited 2010-07-12.

  9. 9.

     European Commission Agriculture and Rural Development. The EU-Forest Action Plan 2007–2011. http://ec.europa.eu/agriculture/fore/publi/2007_2011/brochure_en.pdf, website visited 2010-07-12.

  10. 10.

     Status 2009-01-02.

  11. 11.

     http://www.convenzionedellealpi.org/page5_de.htm AC_IX_11_1_e.n.

  12. 12.

     http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001325/132540e.pdf

  13. 13.

     http://www.alpconv.org/NR/rdonlyres/E0A45E2E-5540-4C6B-8708-C7E173DC983D/0/PopCult_en.pdf

  14. 14.

     HLA: a joint initiative between Historic Scotland and RCAHMS to describe the historic origin of current land-uses.

  15. 15.

     http://www.agrarkulturerbe.de/

  16. 16.

     Forestry Commission Anon. 1995. Forests and archaeology guidelines. http://www.forestry.gov.uk/fr/INFD-5W2FZT, website visited 2010-07-12.

  17. 17.

     Government gazette, 14th June 2005.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Austrian Forest Association, Vienna, Austria

    Elisabeth Johann

  2. Dipartimento di Scienze e Teconolgie Ambientali Forestali, Facoltà di Agraria, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy

    Mauro Agnoletti

  3. Institute of Ecology and Botany, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Vacratot, Hungary

    János Bölöni & Zsolt Molnár

  4. Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Seçil Yurdakul Erol

  5. Forest Research, Northern Research Station , Bush, Midlothian, UK

    Kate Holl

  6. State Forest Management Centre, Tallinn, Estonia

    Jürgen Kusmin

  7. Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management, Vienna, Austria

    Jesús García Latorre

  8. Association for Landscape Research in Arid Zones, Almería, Spain

    Juan García Latorre

  9. Département de Géographie, Université Nancy 2, Nancy, France

    Xavier Rochel

  10. Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK

    Ian D. Rotherham

  11. Department of Politics, Centre for Rural Policy Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK

    Eirini Saratsi

  12. Scottish Natural Heritage, Edinburgh, UK

    Mike Smith

  13. Estonian Society of Foresters, Haapsalu, Estonia

    Lembitu Tarang

  14. Probos Foundation, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Mark van Benthem

  15. Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

    Jim van Laar

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  1. Elisabeth Johann
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  16. Jim van Laar
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Correspondence to Elisabeth Johann .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. , Research & Development Branch, U.S. Forest Service, North Kent Street 1601, Arlington, 22209, Virginia, USA

    John A. Parrotta

  2. , American Indian Studies, The University of Arizona, E. Second Street 1103, Tuscon, 85721, Arizona, USA

    Ronald L. Trosper

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Johann, E. et al. (2012). Europe. In: Parrotta, J., Trosper, R. (eds) Traditional Forest-Related Knowledge. World Forests, vol 12. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2144-9_6

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