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Nasal carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylocococci: A Reservoir of mecA Gene for Staphylococcus aureus

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New Frontiers of Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

The efficacy of penicillin in Staphylococcus aureus infection has justified its widespread use. The counterpart has been the rapid emergence of penicillin resistant strains. Currently, almost 90% of S. aureus strains are penicillin resistant by the acquisition of a plasmid-encoded penicillinase. The use of a new semi-synthetic β-lactam, the methicillin has allowed treating these resistant strains. However, as for the penicillin, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) have rapidly been selected but remained mainly confined to hospitals. Recently, MRSA have independently emerged in the community. The acquisition of mecA gene carried on a mobile genetic element called Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec) confers methicillin resistance. This gene encodes for a penicillin-binding protein which has a low affinity not only for most semi-synthetic penicillin (such as methicillin) but also for the entire β-lactam class. The origin of this gene and cassette are unknown. However, SCCmec is widespread in coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS). Since methicillin susceptible S. aureus and CoNS share the same ecological niches in humans such as the anterior nares, transfer could occur from MR-CoNS to methicillin susceptible S. aureus but its mechanism remains unknown. In this review, we will describe what argue in favor of this hypothesis, focusing on what is currently known on the structural genetic organization of SCCmec found in MR-CoNS and MRSA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bacteriology Unit and National Reference Center for Emergence of Resistance in Commensal Flora, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France

    Raymond Ruimy, David Lebeaux, Etienne Ruppé & Antoine Andremont

  2. EA 3964, Xavier Bichat Medical School (Denis Diderot-Paris 7 University), Paris, France

    Raymond Ruimy, François Barbier, David Lebeaux, Etienne Ruppé & Antoine Andremont

  3. Medical Intensive Care Unit, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital (Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France

    François Barbier

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  1. Raymond Ruimy
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  2. François Barbier
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  4. Etienne Ruppé
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  5. Antoine Andremont
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Correspondence to Raymond Ruimy .

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  1. , CNRS, IRD, Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, Montpellier Cedex 05, 34095, French S.Territ

    Serge Morand

  2. , Veterinary School-INRA, BP 40706, Unit of Animal Health Management, Nantes Cedex 03, 44307, French S.Territ

    François Beaudeau

  3. INRA, BASE, Ecology and Genetics of Para, Nouzilly, 37380, French S.Territ

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Ruimy, R., Barbier, F., Lebeaux, D., Ruppé, E., Andremont, A. (2012). Nasal carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Coagulase-Negative Staphylocococci: A Reservoir of mecA Gene for Staphylococcus aureus . In: Morand, S., Beaudeau, F., Cabaret, J. (eds) New Frontiers of Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2114-2_10

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