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Comparative and Functional Genomics of Anoxygenic Green Bacteria from the Taxa Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria

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Functional Genomics and Evolution of Photosynthetic Systems

Part of the book series: Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration ((AIPH,volume 33))

Summary

Green bacteria are a diverse group of chlorophototrophic organisms belonging to three major taxa within the domain Bacteria: Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria. Most, although not all, of these organisms synthesize bacteriochlorophylls c, d or e and utilize chlorosomes for light harvesting. The pace of discoveries concerning the metabolism and physiology of these bacteria has accelerated rapidly since completion of the sequencing of the genomes of the green sulfur bacterium Chlorobaculum tepidum and the filamentous anoxygenic phototroph, Chloroflexus aurantiacus. This chapter summarizes insights gained from the extensive genome sequence data for members of these three taxa. The discovery of the first chlorophototrophic member of the phylum Acidobacteria, Candidatus Chloracidobacterium thermophilum, is also described, and recent insights into the physiology and metabolism of this unique, aerobic photoheterotroph are presented. Based upon phylogenetic inferences derived from analyses of sequences for reaction centers and enzymes of (bacterio)chlorophyll biosynthesis, some implications concerning the evolutionary origins of photosynthesis are discussed.

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Abbreviations

APS:

adenosine-5′-phosphosulfate

BChl:

bacteriochlorophyll

BChlide:

bacteriochlorophyllide

BPhe:

bacteriopheophytin

Cab. :

Chloracidobacterium

Cba. :

Chlorobaculum

Cfx. :

Chloroflexus

Chl. :

Chlorobium

Chl:

chlorophyll

Chlide:

chlorophyllide

Chp. :

Chloroherpeton

COG:

cluster of orthologous genes

COR:

chlorophyllide oxidoreductase

Cyt:

cytochrome

DPOR:

dark-operative protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase

DSR:

dissimilatory sulfite reductase

FAP:

filamentous anoxygenic phototroph

Fd:

ferredoxin

FMO:

Fenna-Matthews-Olson protein

FNR:

ferredoxin:NADP+oxidoreductase

GSB:

green sulfur bacterium/bacteria

H. :

Herpetosiphon

I. :

Ignavibacterium

O. :

Oscillochloris

ORF:

open reading frame

PAPS:

3′-phosphoadenosine-5′-phosphosulfate

PChlide:

protochlorophyllide

Phe:

pheophytin

Proto IX:

protoporphyrin IX

PSB:

purple sulfur bacteria

Ptc. :

Prosthecochloris

R. :

Roseiflexus

ROS:

reactive oxygen species

SAM:

S-adenosyl-L-methionine

SQR:

sulfide:quinone oxidoreductase

T. :

Thermomicrobium

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Acknowledgments

Original research described in this chapter was supported by grants to D. A. B. by the U. S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-94ER20137), the U. S. National Science Foundation (MCB-0523100), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Astrobiology (NNX09AM87G; D. M. W., P. I.). D. A. B. and D. M. W. additionally and gratefully acknowledge support from the U.S. Department of Energy (BER), as part of BER’s Genomic Science Program (GSP). This contribution originates from the GSP Foundational Scientific Focus Area (FSFA) at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), contract no. 112443. N.-U. F. acknowledges support from the Danish Science Research Council. D. A. B. and J. O. thank the Joint Genome Institute for their assistance in generating draft genomes of some Chlorobiales and completed genomes of Chloroflexales described here. Research of J. O. was supported by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG Ov20/8-1 through 8–3, and Ov20/10-1 and 10–2). D. M. W. acknowledges support from NASA (NAG5-8824, 13468 and NX09AM87G), NASA’s support of the Montanta State Thermal Biology Institute (NAG5-8807), and the U. S. National Science Foundation (EF-0328698).

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, S-235 Frear Building, University Park, PA, 16802, USA

    Donald A. Bryant, Zhenfeng Liu, Tao Li, Fangqing Zhao & Amaya M. Garcia Costas

  2. Departments of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences and Chemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717, USA

    Christian G. Klatt & David M. Ward

  3. Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 3000, Helsingør, Denmark

    Niels-Ulrik Frigaard

  4. Leibniz-Institut DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen, und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany

    Jörg Overmann

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Bryant, D.A. et al. (2012). Comparative and Functional Genomics of Anoxygenic Green Bacteria from the Taxa Chlorobi, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria . In: Burnap, R., Vermaas, W. (eds) Functional Genomics and Evolution of Photosynthetic Systems. Advances in Photosynthesis and Respiration, vol 33. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1533-2_3

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