Skip to main content

Historical Roots of Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry

Part of the book series: Ecological Studies ((ECOLSTUD,volume 216))

Abstract

The scientific disciplines of forest hydrology and forest biogeochemistry have contributed greatly to our understanding of the natural world even though they are relatively young disciplines. In this chapter, the historical origins, developments, and major advancements of these disciplines will be presented. The Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES) will serve as a case study to illustrate the development, integration, and new research directions of these disciplines. Finally, this chapter on the historical roots and evolution of forest hydrology and biogeochemistry sets the stage for the remaining chapters of this volume by providing a conceptual framework in which most hydrological and biogeochemical work is conducted. Excellent reviews on forest hydrology and biogeochemistry are given by Sopper and Lull (1967), Bormann and Likens (1979), Lee (1980), Waring and Schesinger (1985), Likens and Bormann (1995), Schlesinger (1997), Ice and Stednick (2004a), de la Cretaz and Barten (2007), NRC (2008), and DeWalle (2011).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 259.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 329.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Aber JD, Federer CA (1992) A generalized, lumped-parameter model of photosynthesis, evapotranspiration and net primary production in temperate and boreal forest ecosystems. Oecologia 92:463–474

    Google Scholar 

  • Aber JD, Ollinger SV, Driscoll CT (1997) Modeling nitrogen saturation in forest ecosystems in response to land use and atmospheric deposition. Ecol Model 101:61–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Aber JD, Ollinger SV, Driscoll CT et al (2002) Inorganic nitrogen losses from a forested ecosystem in response to physical, chemical, biotic, and climatic perturbations. Ecosystems 5:648–658

    Google Scholar 

  • Alila Y, KuraÅ› PK, Schnorbus M et al (2009) Forests and floods: a new paradigm sheds light on age-old controversies. Water Resour Res 45:W08416. doi:10.1029/2008WR007207

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson HW, Hoover MD, Reinhart KG (1976) Forests and water: effects of forest management on floods, sedimentation, and water supply. Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station, Berkeley

    Google Scholar 

  • Andréassian V (2004) Waters and forests: from historical controversy to scientific debate. J Hydrol 291:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Barret E, Brodin G (1955) The acidity of Scandinavian precipitation. Tellus 7:251–257

    Google Scholar 

  • Bates CG, Henry AJ (1928) Forests and streamflow at Wagon Wheel Gap, Colorado. Final report. Monthly Weather Review Supplement 30:1–79

    Google Scholar 

  • Belgrand E (1854) De l’influence des forêts sur l’écoulement des eaux. Ann Ponts Chaussées 61:1–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Beven KJ, Kirkby MJ (1979) A physically based, variable contributing area model of basin hydrology. Hydrol Sci Bull 24:43–69

    Google Scholar 

  • Biswas A (1970) History of hydrology. North-Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann FH (1996) Ecology: a personal history. Annu Rev Energy Environ 21:1–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann FH, Likens GE (1967) Nutrient cycling. Science 155:424–429

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann FH, Likens GE (1979) Pattern and process in a forested ecosystem. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Bormann FH, Likens GE, Fisher DW et al (1968) Nutrient loss accelerated by clear-cutting of a forest ecosystem. Science 159:882–884

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosch JM, Hewlett JD (1982) A review of catchment experiments to determine the effect of vegetation changes on water yield and evapotranspiration. J Hydrol 55:3–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Bostock J, Riley HT (1855) The natural history. Pliny the Elder. Taylor and Francis, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Botkin DB, Janak JF, Wallis JR (1972a) Rationale, limitations, and assumptions of a northeastern forest growth simulator. IBM J Res Dev 16:101–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Botkin DB, Janak JF, Wallis JR (1972b) Some ecological consequences of a computer model of forest growth. J Ecol 60:849–872

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown AE, Zhang L, McMahon TA et al (2005) A review of paired catchment studies for determining changes in water yield resulting from alterations in vegetation. J Hydrol 310:28

    Google Scholar 

  • Calder IR (1977) A model of transpiration and interception loss from spruce forest in Plynlimon, central Wales. J Hydrol 33:247–265

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappus P (1960) Bassin expérimental d’Alrance – Étude des lois de l’écoulement – Application au calcul et à la prévision des débits. La Houille Blanche A:493–520

    Google Scholar 

  • Carpenter SR, Chisholm SW, Krebs CJ et al (1995) Ecosystem experiments. Science 269:324–327

    Google Scholar 

  • Chang M (2006) Forest hydrology: an introduction to water and forests, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • Chittenden HM (1909) Forests and reservoirs in their relation to streamflows, with particular reference to navigable rivers. Am Soc Eng Trans 62:248–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Cogbill CV, Likens GE (1974) Acid precipitation in the northeastern United States. Water Resour Res 10:1133–1137

    Google Scholar 

  • Colman EA (1953) Vegetation and watershed management: an appraisal of vegetation management in relation to water supply, flood control, and soil erosion. Ronald Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Courtney FM (1981) Developments in forest hydrology. Prog Phys Geogr 5:217–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Cronan CS, Schofield CL (1990) Relationships between aqueous aluminum and acidic deposition in forested watersheds of North America and northern Europe. Environ Sci Technol 24:1100–1105

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Cretaz AL, Barten PK (2007) Land use effects on streamflow and water quality in the northeastern United States. CRC Press, Boca Raton

    Google Scholar 

  • DeWalle DR (2003) Forest hydrology revisited. Hydrol Process 17:1255–1256

    Google Scholar 

  • DeWalle DR (ed) (2011) Forest hydrology. Benchmark papers in hydrology. International Association for Hydrological Sciences, Wallingford (in press) see http://iahs.info/benchmark.htm

  • DeWalle DR, Rango A (2008) Principles of snow hydrology. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Douglass JE (1983) Potential for water yield augmentation from forest management in the eastern United States. Water Resour Bull 19:351–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Driscoll CT, Lawrence GB, Bulger AJ et al (2001) Acidic deposition in the northeastern United States: sources and inputs, ecosystems effects, and management strategies. BioScience 51:180–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunne T, Black RD (1970a) An experimental investigation of runoff production in permeable soils. Water Resour Res 6:478–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Dunne T, Black RD (1970b) Partial area contributions to storm runoff in a small New England watershed. Water Resour Res 6:1296–1311

    Google Scholar 

  • Ebermayer E (1876) Die gesamte Lehre der Waldstreu, mit Rücksicht auf die chemische Statik des Waldbaues. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Eisenbies MH, Aust WM, Burger JA et al (2007) Forest operations, extreme flooding events, and considerations for hydrologic modeling in the Appalachians: a review. For Ecol Manage 242:77–98

    Google Scholar 

  • Ellenberg H (1971) Integrated experimental ecology: methods and results of ecosystem research in the German Solling project, Ecological Studies 2. Springer, Berlin

    Google Scholar 

  • Engler A (1919) Untersuchungen über den Einfluss des Waldes auf den Stand der Gewasser. Mitt Schweiz Anst Forst Versuchswes 12:1–636

    Google Scholar 

  • Federer CA (1965) Sustained winter streamflow from groundmelt, Research Note, NE-41. U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby

    Google Scholar 

  • Federer CA (1969) New landmark in the White Mountains. Appalachia 12:589–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Federer CA (2002) BROOK 90: a simulation model for evaporation, soil water, and streamflow. http://home.roadrunner.com/~stfederer/brook/compassb.htm. Accessed Jan 2010

  • Federer CA, Lash D (1978) Simulated streamflow response to possible differences in transpiration among species of hardwood trees. Water Resour Res 14:1089–1097

    Google Scholar 

  • Federer CA, Hornbeck JW, Tritton LM et al (1989) Long-term depletion of calcium and other nutrients in eastern US forests. Environ Manage 13:593–601

    Google Scholar 

  • Federer CA, Vörösmarty CJ, Fekete B (2003) Sensitivity of annual evaporation to soil and root properties in two models of contrasting complexity. J Hydrometeorol 4:1276–1290

    Google Scholar 

  • Freeze RA (1972) Role of subsurface flow in generating surface runoff 2: upstream source areas. Water Resour Res 8:1272–1283

    Google Scholar 

  • Gash JHC (1979) An analytical model of rainfall interception by forest. Q J R Meteorol Soc 105:43–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Gbondo-Tugbawa SS, Driscoll CT, Aber JD et al (2001) Evaluation of an integrated biogeochemical model (PnET-BGC) at a northern hardwood forest ecosystem. Water Resour Res 37:1057–1070

    Google Scholar 

  • Gbondo-Tugbawa SS, Driscoll CT, Mitchell MJ et al (2002) A model to simulate the response of a northern hardwood forest ecosystem to changes in S deposition. Ecol Appl 12:8–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodale CL, Aber JD, Vitousek PM (2003) An unexpected nitrate decline in New Hampshire streams. Ecosystems 6:75–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Gorham E (1991) Biogeochemistry: its origins and development. Biogeochemistry 13:199–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Groffman P, Fisk M, Driscoll C et al (2006) Calcium additions and microbial nitrogen cycle processes in a northern hardwood forest. Ecosystems 9:1289–1305

    Google Scholar 

  • Harr RD, McCorison FM (1979) Initial effects of clearcut logging on size and timing of peak flows in a small watershed in western Oregon. Water Resour Res 15:90–94

    Google Scholar 

  • Hart GE Jr (1966) Streamflow characteristics of small, forested watersheds in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. PhD thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

    Google Scholar 

  • Helvey JD, Patric JH (1965) Canopy and litter interception of rainfall by hardwoods of eastern United States. Water Resour Res 1:193–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett J (1961) Soil moisture as a source of base flow from steep mountain watersheds, Stn. Pap. 132. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, Asheville

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett JD (1982) Principles of forest hydrology. University of Georgia Press, Athens

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett JD, Hibbert AR (1961) Increases in water yield after several types of forest cutting. Int Assoc Sci Hydrol Bull 6:5–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett JD, Hibbert AR (1967) Factors affecting the response of small watersheds to precipitation in humid areas. In: Sopper WE, Lull HW (eds) International symposium on forest hydrology. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 275–290

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett JD, Nutter WL (1970) Varying source area of streamflow from upland basins. In: Martin GL (ed) Interdisciplinary aspects of watershed management. American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, pp 65–83

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett JD, Pienaar L (1973) Design and analysis of the catchment experiment. In: White EH (ed) Proceedings of a symposium on use of small watersheds in determining effects of forest land use on water quality, University of Kentucky, Lexington, pp 88–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett JD, Troendle CA (1975) Non-point and diffused water sources: a variable source area problem. Proceedings, watershed management symposium, American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, 11–13 Aug 1975, pp 21–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Hewlett JD, Lull HW, Reinhart KG (1969) In defense of experimental watersheds. Water Resour Res 5:306–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibbert AR (1967) Forest treatment effects in water yield. In: Sopper WE, Lull HW (eds) Internation symposium on forest hydrology. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 527–543

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover MD, Hursh CR (1943) Influence of topography and soil-depth on runoff from forest land. Trans Am Geophys Union 24:693–698

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoover MD, Leaf CF (1967) Processes and significance of interception in Colorado subalpine forest. In: Sopper WE, Lull HW (eds) Internation symposium on forest hydrology. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 213–224

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck JW (1973) Storm flow from hardwood-forested and cleared watersheds in New Hampshire. Water Resour Res 9:346–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck J (2001) Events leading to the establishment of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. http://www.hubbardbrook.org/overview/HBEF_establishment.htm. Accessed Jan 2010

  • Hornbeck JW, Kochenderfer JN (2004) A century of lessons about water resources in northeastern forests. In: Ice GG, Stednick JD (eds) A century of forest and wildland watershed lessons. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, pp 19–32

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck JW, Swank WT (1992) Watershed ecosystem analysis as a basis for multiple-use management of eastern forests. Ecol Appl 2:238–247

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck JW, Pierce RS, Federer CA (1970) Streamflow changes after forest clearing in New England. Water Resour Res 6:1124–1132

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck JW, Martin CW, Pierce RS et al (1986) Clearcutting northern hardwoods: effects on hydrologic and nutrient ion budgets. For Sci 32:667–686

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck JW, Adams MB, Corbett ES et al (1993) Long-term impacts of forest treatments on water yield: a summary for northeastern USA. J Hydrol 150:323–344

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornbeck JW, Martin CW, Eagar C (1997) Summary of water yield experiments at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire. Can J For Res 27:2043–2052

    Google Scholar 

  • Hornung M, Reynolds B (1995) The effects of natural and anthropogenic environmental changes on ecosystem processes at the catchment scale. Trends Ecol Evol 10:443–449

    Google Scholar 

  • Hough FB (1878) Connection between forests and climate. In: Report upon forestry. Washington Printing Office, Washington DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Huntington TG, Richardson AD, McGuire KJ et al (2009) Climate and hydrological changes in the northeastern United States: recent trends and implications for forested and aquatic ecosystems. Can J For Res 39:199–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson GE (1943) The biogeochemistry of aluminum and of certain related elements. Q Rev Biol 18:1–29, 128–153, 242–262, 331–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson GE (1944) Nitrogen in the biogeochemistry of the atmosphere. Am Sci 32:178–195

    Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson GE (1950) Survey of the contemporary knowledge of biogeochemistry, III. The biogeochemistry of vertebrate excretion. Bull Amer Mus Nat Hist 96:554

    Google Scholar 

  • IAHS (1966) International symposium on forest hydrology: final report. Bull Int Assoc Sci Hydrol 11:161–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Ice GG, Stednick JD (2004a) A century of forest and wildland watershed lessons. Society of American Foresters Press, Loveland

    Google Scholar 

  • Ice GG, Stednick JD (2004b) Forest watershed research in the United States. Forest History Today Spring/Fall:16–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Jeandel F, Cantégril JB, Bellaud L (1862) Etudes expérimentales sur les inondations. Bureau des Annales Forestières, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Judd KE, Likens GE, Buso DC et al (2011) Minimal response in watershed nitrate export to severe soil frost raises questions about nutrient dynamics in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest. Biogeochemistry doi: 10.1007/s10533-010-9524-4 (in press) see http://www.springerlink.com/content/ww11848367101883/

  • Kirkby MJ (ed) (1978) Hillslope hydrology. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kittredge J (1948) Forest influences. McGraw-Hill, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Kochenderfer J (1970) Erosion control on logging roads in the Appalachians, Research Paper NE-158. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby

    Google Scholar 

  • Lange OL, Kappen L, Schulze E-D (1976) Water and plant life: problems and modern approaches. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee R (1978) Forest microclimatology. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee R (1980) Forest hydrology. Columbia University Press, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard RE (1961) Net precipitation in a northern hardwood forest. J Geophys Res 66:2417–2421

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard RE, Reinhart KG (1963) Some observations on precipitation measurement on forested experimental watersheds, Research Note NE-6. U.S. Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis W Jr (2002) Message from the president: limnologist makes big splash. Limnol Oceanogr Bull 11:33–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE (1983) A priority for ecological research. Bull Ecol Soc Am 64:234–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE (1985) An experimental approach for the study of ecosystems. J Ecol 73:381–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE (1989) Some aspects of air pollutant effects on terrestrial ecosystems and prospects for the future. Ambio 18:172–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE (1992) The ecosystem approach: its use and abuse. Excellence in ecology, vol 3. The Ecology Institute, Oldendorf-Luhe, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE (2004) Some perspectives on long-term biogeochemical research from the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem study. Ecology 85:2355–2362

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE (2010) The role of science in decision making: does evidence-based science drive environmental policy? Front Ecol Environ 8:e1–e9

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Bormann FH (1974) Acid rain: a serious regional environmental problem. Science 184:1176–1179

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Bormann FH (1995) Biogeochemistry of a forested ecosystem. Springer, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Lambert KF (1998) The importance of long-term data in addressing regional environmental issues. Northeast Nat 5:127–136

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Bormann FH, Johnson NM et al (1967) The calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium budgets for a small forested ecosystem. Ecology 48:772–785

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Bormann FH, Johnson NM (1969) Nitrification: importance to nutrient losses from a cutover forested ecosystem. Science 163:1205–1206

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Bormann FH, Johnson NM et al (1970) Effects of forest cutting and herbicide treatment on nutrient budgets in the Hubbard Brook Watershed-ecosystem. Ecol Monogr 40:23–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Bormann FH, Johnson NM (1972) Acid rain. Environment 14:33–40

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Bormann FH, Pierce RS et al (1978) Recovery of a deforested ecosystem. Science 199:492–496

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Driscoll CT, Buso DC (1996) Long-term effects of acid rain: response and recovery of a forest ecosystem. Science 77:244–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Driscoll CT, Buso DC et al (1998) The biogeochemistry of calcium at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 41:89–173

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Butler TJ, Buso DC (2001) Long-and short-term changes in sulfate deposition: effects of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. Biogeochemistry 52:1–11

    Google Scholar 

  • Likens GE, Driscoll CT, Buso DC et al (2002) The biogeochemistry of sulfur at Hubbard Brook. Biogeochemistry 60:235–316

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindeman RL (1942) The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology 23:399–418

    Google Scholar 

  • Lindenmayer DB, Likens GE (2010) Effective ecological monitoring. CSIRO Publishing, Collingwood

    Google Scholar 

  • Lull HW, Reinhart KG (1967) Increasing water yield in the Northeast by management of forested watersheds, Research Paper NE-66. U.S. Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Upper Darby

    Google Scholar 

  • Manderscheid B, Matzner E, Meiwes KJ et al (1995) Long-term development of element budgets in a Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forest of the German Solling area. Water Air Soil Pollut 79:3–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsh GP (1864) Man and nature. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press (reprinted in 1965), Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin CW, Hornbeck JW (1989) Revegetation after strip cutting and block clearcutting in northern hardwoods: a 10-year history, Research Paper NE-625. USDA Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Broomall

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin CW, Hornbeck JW, Likens GE et al (2000) Impacts of intensive harvesting on hydrology and nutrient dynamics of northern hardwood forests. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 57:19–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Matthieu A (1878) Météorologie comparée agricole et forestière. Imprimerie Nationale, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch JSG, Robinson M (1993) History of forest hydrology. J Hydrol 150:189–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Mitchell HL, Chander RF (1939) The nitrogen nutrition and growth of certain deciduous trees of northeastern United States. Black Rock Forest Bulletin 11. Harvard University, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Monteith JL (ed) (1965) Evaporation and environment. The state and movement of water in living organisms. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Moore WL (1910) Report on the infuence of forest on climate and on floods. U.S Weather Bureau, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer MJ, Visser RJM (2004) Timber harvesting and flooding: emerging legal risks and potential mitigations. South J Appl For 28:69–75

    Google Scholar 

  • Nobel PS (1974) Introduction to biophysical plant physiology. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Nodvin SC, Driscoll CT, Likens GE (1986) The effect of pH on sulfate adsorption by a forest soil. Soil Sci 142:69–75

    Google Scholar 

  • NRC (2008) Hydrologic effects of a changing forest landscape. National Academies Press, Washington

    Google Scholar 

  • Odum EP, Odum HT (1959) Fundamentals of ecology, 2nd edn. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia

    Google Scholar 

  • Ovington JD (1959) The circulation of minerals in plantations of Pinus sylvestris L. Ann Bot 23:229–239

    Google Scholar 

  • Palmer SM, Driscoll CT (2002) Decline in mobilization of toxic aluminum. Nature 417:242–243

    Google Scholar 

  • Patric J, Reinhart K (1971) Hydrologic effects of deforesting two mountain watersheds in West Virginia. Water Resour Res 7:1182–1188

    Google Scholar 

  • Penman HL (1948) Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass. Proc R Soc Lond Ser A 193:120–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Penman HL (1959) Notes on the water balance of the Sperbelgraben and Rappengraben. Eidg Anst Forstl Versuchswes Mitt, Birmensdorf 35:99–109

    Google Scholar 

  • Penman HL (1963) Vegetation and hydrology. Commonwealth Bureau of Soils, Harpenden

    Google Scholar 

  • Penman HL (1967) Evaporation from forests: a comparison of theory and observation. In: Sopper WE, Lull HW (eds) Internation symposium on forest hydrology. Pergamon Press, New York, pp 373–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Peters SC, Blum JD, Driscoll CT et al (2004) Dissolution of wollastonite during the experimental manipulation of Hubbard Brook Watershed 1. Biogeochemistry 67:309–329

    Google Scholar 

  • Ponce SL (ed) (1983) The potential for water yield augmentation through forest and range management. Water Resour Bull 19:351–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Ragan RM (1968) An experimental investiagation of partial area contributions. General Assembly of Bern, International Association of Scientific Hydrology, Bern, pp 241–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Rennie PJ (1955) The uptake of nutrients by mature forest growth. Plant Soil 7:49–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter AJ, Keshaw KA, Robins PC et al (1971) A predictive model of rainfall interception in forests. I. Derivation of the model from observations in plantation corsican pine. Agric Meteorol 9:367–384

    Google Scholar 

  • Santore RC, Driscoll CT (1995) The CHESS model for calculations equilibria in soils and solutions. In: Santore RC, Driscoll CT (eds) Chemical equilibrium and reaction models. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, pp 357–375

    Google Scholar 

  • Sartz RS, Trimble GR (1956) Snow storage and melt in a northern hardwoods forest. J For 54:499–502

    Google Scholar 

  • Schecher WD, Driscoll CT (1995) ALCHEMI: a chemical equilibrium model to assess the acid-base chemistry and speciation of aluminum in dilute solutions. In: Loeppert R, Schwab AP, Goldberg S (eds) Soil Science Society of America, Special Publication 42, Madison, pp 325–356

    Google Scholar 

  • Schlesinger WH (1997) Biogeochemistry: an analysis of global change, 2nd edn. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Sopper WE, Lull HW (eds) (1967) International symposium on forest hydrology. Proceedings of a National Science Foundation advanced science seminar held at the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, Aug 29–Sept 10 1965

    Google Scholar 

  • Stednick JD (1996) Monitoring the effects of timber harvest on annual water yield. J Hydrol 176:79–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Swank WT, Miner NH (1968) Conversion of hardwood covered watersheds to white pine reduces water yield. Water Resour Res 4:947–954

    Google Scholar 

  • Tamm CO (1995) Towards an understanding of the relations between tree nutrition, nutrient cycling and environment. Plant Soil 168–169:21–27

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson K (1980) Forests and climate change in America: some early views. Climatic Change 3:47–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Toebes C, Ouryvaev V (1970) Representative and experimental basins, an international guide for research and practice. UNESCO, Paris

    Google Scholar 

  • Trimble GR, Sartz RS, Pierce RS (1958) How type of soil frost affects infiltration. J Soil Water Conserv 13:81–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripler CE, Kaushal SS, Likens GE et al (2006) Patterns in potassium dynamics in forest ecosystems. Ecol Lett 9:451–466

    Google Scholar 

  • Troendle CA (1983) The potential for water yield augmentation from forest management in the Rocky Mountain region. Water Resour Bull 19:359–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Troendle CA, King RM (1985) Effect of timber harvest on the Fool Creek Watershed, 30 years later. Water Resour Res 21:1915–1922

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsukamoto Y (1961) An experiment on sub-surface flow. J Jpn For Soc 43:62–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Ulrich B, Mayer R, Khanna PK (1980) Chemical changes due to acid precipitation in a loess-derived soil in central Europe. Soil Sci 130:193–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Miegroet H, Johnson DW (2009) Feedbacks and synergism among biogeochemistry, basic ecology, and forest soil science. For Ecol Manage 258:2214–2223

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernadsky VI (1926) Biosfera (English translation). Synergetic Press, Oracle

    Google Scholar 

  • Vernadsky VI (1945) The biosphere and the noosphere. Am Sci 33:1–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Ward RC (1971) Small watershed experiments: an appraisal of concepts and research developments, Papers in Geography, No. 18. University of Hull, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Waring RH, Schesinger WH (1985) Forest ecosystems: concepts and management. Academic Press, San Diego

    Google Scholar 

  • Watson WC (1865) Forests: their influence, uses and reproduction. Trans N Y State Agric Soc XXV:288–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Weyman DR (1973) Measurements of the downslope flow of water in a soil. J Hydrol 20:267–288

    Google Scholar 

  • Whipkey RZ (1965) Subsurface storm flow from forested slopes. Bull Int Assoc Sci Hydrol 2:74–85

    Google Scholar 

  • Whitehead PG, Robinson M (1993) Experimental basin studies: an international and historical perspective of forest impacts. J Hydrol 145:217–230

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilm HG (1944) Statistical control of hydrologic data from experimental watersheds. Trans Am Geophys Part 2 2:618–622

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilm HG (1957) The training of men in forest hydrology and watershed management. J For 55:268–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilm HG, Dunford EG (1948) Effect of timber cutting on water available for streamflow from a lodgepole pine forest. US Dep Agric Tech Bull 968:1–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Zon R (1912) Forests and water in the light of scientific investigation (Senate Doc. No. 469, 62nd Congress, 2d Session). US Forest Service, Government Printing Office, Washington

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The HBEF is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA. Financial support for the long-term, ecological, and biogeochemical research at the HBEF is provided by the National Science Foundation, including the LTER and LTREB programs, and from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. This paper is a contribution to the program of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study. We thank Sheila Christopher-Gokkaya, W. Michael Aust, and an anonymous reviewer for providing comments on an earlier version of this chapter. Also, we thank Dave DeWalle for helpful suggestions and advice on the history of forest hydrology.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kevin J. McGuire .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2011 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

McGuire, K.J., Likens, G.E. (2011). Historical Roots of Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry. In: Levia, D., Carlyle-Moses, D., Tanaka, T. (eds) Forest Hydrology and Biogeochemistry. Ecological Studies, vol 216. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1363-5_1

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics